‘forget’
Argument frame: |
X
(forget) (about)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
(P. had already visited this town and knew that there is a shorter road. When he went there once again this time, however, he chose the longer road.)
P.
forgot (about)
the other road
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
забывать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(забывать) об
Y
-е
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(П. однажды уже ездил в этот город и знал, что туда есть более короткая дорога. Но сейчас он поехал туда снова и выбрал более длинную).
П.
забыл о
другой дороге
.
|
Abaza
[q-]aštəl
Valency pattern:
LOCq_ABS
|
X: LOCq |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
murád |
jəʕʷbaχəwz |
a-mʕʷa |
j-q-áštəl-(χ-)ṭ |
pn
|
second
|
def
-road
|
3
sg
.
m
.
io
-
loc
-forget(
aor
)-(
re
)-
dcl
|
‘Murad forgot about the other road.’ |
Adyghe
šʼə-ʁʷəpše
Valency pattern:
LOC_ABS
|
X: LOC |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
č̣ʼale-m |
adre–ʁʷegʷə-r |
šʼə-ʁʷəpša-ʁ |
парень-
obl
|
другой–дорога-
abs
|
loc
-забыть-
pst
|
‘Парень забыл о другой дороге.’ |
Aghul
k’ʷal-as š.u-
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
aslan.a-s |
saje |
reqː |
k’ʷal-as |
š.u-ne |
pn
-
dat
|
other
|
road
|
in.memory-
elat
|
leave.
pf
-
aor
|
‘Aslan forgot about the other road.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
manšə
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
yala |
munšiyy-o=l |
crita |
urxa |
boy(
m
)
|
forget.
res
.
m
-
p
.3
f
=3
m
|
short.
f
|
way(
f
)
|
‘The boy forgot about the other road.’ |
Bambara
ɲìnɛ
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ko
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ko |
Locus: Y |
Sékù |
ɲìnɛ-na |
síra |
surun` |
kɔ́ |
pn
|
forget-
pfv
.
intr
|
road
|
short\
art
|
behind
|
‘Seku forgot the short road.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
esquecer-se
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
X: SBJ |
Y: de |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
se |
esquec-eu |
do |
outr-o |
caminho |
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
|
forget-3
sg
.
pst
|
of+
def
.
m
|
other-
m
|
way(
m
)
|
‘Pedro forgot about the other way.’ |
Catalan
oblidar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
va |
oblid-ar |
l'altre |
camí |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
forget-
inf
|
def
.
sg
.
m
-other.
sg
.
m
|
road(
m
)
|
‘Pere forgot (about) the other road.’ |
Czech
zapomenout
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
|
X: NOM |
Y: naACC |
Locus: Y |
Petr |
zapomně-l |
na |
tu |
druh-ou |
cest-u |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
forget(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
on
|
that.
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
other-
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
road(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petr forgot about that other road.’ |
Danish
glemme
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
arbejde-de |
og |
glem-te |
tid-en |
pn
|
work-
pst
|
and
|
forget-
pst
|
time(
c
)-
def
.
sg
|
‘Peter worked and forgot about the time.’ |
Dutch
vergeten
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
is |
de |
ander-e |
weg |
verget-en |
pn
(С)
|
cop
.3
sg
|
art
.
def
.
c
|
other-
c
|
road(
c
)
|
forget-
ptcp
|
‘Piet forgot (about) the other road.’ |
Eastern Maninka
ɲìna
Valency pattern:
SBJ_la
|
X: SBJ |
Y: la |
Locus: Y |
̀Sékù |
bára |
ɲìna |
síla |
sudun` |
ná. |
pn
|
prf
|
forget
|
road
|
short\
art
|
at
|
‘Seku has forgotten the short road.’ |
English
forget
Valency pattern:
SBJ_about
|
X: SBJ |
Y: about |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
forgot |
about |
the |
other |
road. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estonian
unustama
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Peeter |
unusta-s |
teise |
tee |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
forget-
pst
.3
sg
|
other.
sg
.
gen
|
road.
sg
.
gen
|
‘Peeter forgot the other road.’ |
Finnish
unohtaa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Pekka |
unoht-i |
toisen |
tie-n |
pn
.
nom
|
forget-
pst
.3
sg
|
second.
gen
|
road-
gen
|
‘Pekka forgot about the other road.’ |
Forest Enets
dʲurota
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
nɛko |
nɔi-ta |
sɛxɛri-da |
dʲurota-bi-za |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
other
|
be_straight(
ipfv
)-
ptcp
.
sim
|
road-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
forget(
pfv
)-
prf
-3
sg
.
so
sg
|
‘My friend forgot about another, straight road’. |
French
oublier
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Paul |
a |
oublié |
qu’ |
il |
existe |
un |
autre |
chemin |
pn
(
m
)
|
have.
prs
.3
sg
|
forget.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
that
|
it
|
exist.
prs
.3
sg
|
indf
.
sg
.
m
|
other.
sg
.
m
|
road(
m
)
|
‘Paul forgot that there was another road.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed in a dependent clause. The transitive construction ("Paul a oublié l'autre chemin, plus proche") would have a differenr meaning (he forgot the specific way and was unable to follow the shorter road). |
Georgian
Ø-a-vic'q'-d-eb-a (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
p'et're-s |
sxva-Ø |
gza-Ø |
da-Ø-a-vic'q'-d-a |
pn
-
dat
|
other-
nom
|
way-
nom
|
prv
:downward-
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-forget-
intr
-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
‘Petre forgot the other road.’ |
German
vergessen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
vergaß |
den |
ander-en |
Weg |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
forget.
pst
.3
sg
|
def
.
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
another-
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
road[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl forgot about the other road.’ |
Irish
déan dearúd
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ar
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ar |
Locus: Y |
Dhein |
Pól |
dearúd |
air |
an |
mbóthar |
eile. |
pst
/make
|
pn
|
oblivion
|
on
|
def
|
road
|
other
|
‘Pól forgot (about) the other road.’ |
Italian
dimenticarsi
Valency pattern:
SBJ_di
|
X: SBJ |
Y: di |
Locus: Y |
Leo |
si |
è |
dimenticat-o |
dell’ |
altr-a |
strad-a |
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
forget.
pst
.
ptcp
-
sg
.
m
|
of.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
other-
sg
.
f
|
road-
sg
.
f
|
‘Leo forgot about the other road.’ |
Kalderash Romani
bystrəl
Valency pattern:
NOM_pa
|
X: NOM |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
o |
Murš-a |
bystər-ď-a |
pa |
kod-o |
drom |
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
forget-
pst
-3
sg
|
with
|
that-
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
road[
nom
.
sg
]
|
‘Murša forgot about the other road.’ |
Kazakh
umït
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
basqa |
žol-dï |
umït-tï |
pn
|
other
|
way-
acc
|
forget-
pst
1.3
sg
|
‘Petya forgot about the other road.’ |
Kazym Khanty
jŏrԑmǝti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en |
wan |
jǫš-ǝλ |
jŏrԑmǝ-s-λe |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
short
|
road-
poss
.3
sg
|
forget-
pst
-3
sg
.
so
|
‘Petja forgot about the short road.’ |
Khwarshi
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
ilu-l |
bit'ura-l |
huni |
šuƛ'a-na |
1
pl
-
dat
|
правильный-
iv
|
дорога(
iv
)
|
забывать-
pst
.
u
|
‘Мы забыли правильную дорогу.’ |
Kina Rutul
jik’ijla upχur
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
rasulɨ-s |
tin-baj-dɨ |
raˀq |
jik’ij-la |
u<p>χu-r |
pn
.
obl
-
dat
|
that-
contr
-
attr
|
road(
nom
)
|
heart.
obl
(
sup
)-
el
|
<3>
lv
.
pfv
-
cvb
|
‘Rasul forgot about the other road.’ |
Latin
obliviscor
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN |
Locus: Y |
est |
enim |
propri-um |
stultiti-ae |
ali-orum |
viti-a |
cernere, |
oblivisc-i |
su-orum |
be.
prs
.
ind
.
act
.3
sg
|
indeed
|
own-
nom
.
sg
.
n
|
foolishness(
f
)-
dat
.
sg
|
other-
gen
.
pl
.
m
|
vice(
n
)-
acc
.
pl
|
notice[
prs
]-
inf
.
act
|
forget[
prs
]-
inf
.
act
|
one’s_own-
gen
.
pl
.
n
|
‘For it is characteristic to foolishness to notice the vices of others and to forget its own.’ |
Note: (Cic. Tusc. 3, 73) |
Mandarin Chinese
wàngjì
Valency pattern:
SUB_ba
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ba |
Locus: Y |
Zhāngsān |
bǎ |
lìng |
yì-tiáo |
lù |
wàngjì |
le |
pn
|
ba
|
another
|
one-
clf
|
road
|
forget
|
pfv
|
‘Zhangsan forgot (about) the other road.’ |
Note: The status of the "bǎ"-construction is controversial. |
Mingrelian
Ø-o-č'q'or-d-un-Ø (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_ERG
|
X: DAT |
Y: ERG |
Locus: X |
čelo-s |
šxva |
šara-k |
ga-Ø-a-č'q'or-d-(u). |
pn
-
dat
|
other
|
road-
erg
|
prv
-
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-forget-
intr
-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
‘Chelo forgot the other road.’ |
Modern Hebrew
ʃaχaχ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas |
ʃaχaχ |
et |
ha |
dereχ |
ha |
aχeret |
pn
|
forget[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
def
|
road
|
def
|
other
|
‘Pinchas forgot (about) the other road.’ |
Nanai
oŋbo-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
goj-ǯema |
pokto-wa |
oŋbo-xa-ni |
pn
|
other-
restr
|
road-
obl
|
forget-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia forgot about the other road.’ |
Nivkh
tχar̥pəd
Valency pattern:
SBJ_INS
|
X: SBJ |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Kaskazik |
hu |
cif-kir̥ |
tχar̥pə-d |
pn
|
close
.
dem
|
road-
ins
|
forget-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik forgot about the other road.’ |
Northern Mansi
xotjoruwlaslum
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
am |
l’ōŋx-um |
xot-joruwl-as-l-um |
i
|
road-
poss
.1
sg
|
pfv
-forget-
pst
-3
sg
.
o
-1
sg
.
s
|
‘I forgot the road.’ |
Northern Yukaghir
janaspǝjrǝ=
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Sǝmiǝn |
wiǝ-n |
jаwul-ǝ |
mǝ |
jаnаspǝ-j-rǝ-m |
pn
|
other-
gen
|
road-
acc
|
aff
|
forget-
pf
-
caus
-
tr
.3
sg
|
‘Semien forgot the other road.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å glemme
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
hadde |
glem-t |
snarvei-en |
pn
|
have.
pst
|
forget-
ptcp
|
shortcut-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
‘Per forgot about the shortcut.’ |
Polish
zapomnieć
Valency pattern:
NOM_oLOC
|
X: NOM |
Y: oLOC |
Locus: Y |
Basi-a |
zapomnia-ł-a |
o |
t-ej |
drodz-e |
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
forget:
pfv
-
pst
-
f
.3
sg
|
about
|
this-
f
.
loc
.
sg
|
road-
loc
.
sg
|
‘Basia forgot about that road.’ |
Russian
zabytʹ
Valency pattern:
NOM_oLOC
|
X: NOM |
Y: oLOC |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja |
zaby-l |
o |
drug-oj |
dorog-e |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
forget(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
about
|
other-
f
.
loc
.
sg
|
road(
f
)-
loc
.
sg
|
‘Petja forgot about the other road.’ |
Serbian
zaboraviti
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
|
X: NOM |
Y: naACC |
Locus: Y |
Petar |
je |
zaboravi-o |
na |
drug-i |
put |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
forget-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
on
|
other-
acc
.
sg
.
m
|
road.
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petar forgot about the other road.’ |
Shughni
rinīx̌tow
Valency pattern:
NOM_EL
|
X: NOM |
Y: EL |
Locus: Y |
Azim=i |
as |
wi |
yiga |
půnd |
rinūx̌-t |
pn
=3
sg
|
el
|
d
3.
m
.
sg
.
obl
|
another
|
road
|
forget-
pst
|
‘Azim forgot about the other road.’ |
Skolt Saami
väjldõõvvâd
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
väjldõõʹv-i |
tõn |
nuuʹbb |
čuõkku |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
forget-
pst
.3
sg
|
dist
.
sg
.
acc
|
other.
sg
.
acc
|
road.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete forgot (about) the other road.’ |
Slovak
zabudnúť
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
|
X: NOM |
Y: naACC |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
zabudo-l |
na |
druh-ú |
cest-u |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
forget(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
on
|
other-
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
road(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Peter forgot about that other road.’ |
Slovenian
pozabiti
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
|
X: NOM |
Y: naACC |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
je |
pozabi-l |
na |
pot |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
forget:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
on
|
road[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Peter forgot about the road.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
lebir̂ cûnewe
Valency pattern:
EXT_SBJ
|
X: EXT |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
Hîwa |
rê |
kurt-eke=î |
le |
bîr |
çot-Ø-ewe |
pn
|
road
|
short-
def
=3
sg
.
pc
|
from
|
thought
|
go.
pst
-3
sg
-
asp
|
‘Hiwa forgot about the shorter road.’ |
Note: The OBL.3SG morpheme indexes the non-canonical subject of a clausal expression of possession, emotion or cognition (in any tense). Lit. ≈ ‘The road is gone from my memory’. |
Spanish
olvidar
Valency pattern:
DO_SBJ
|
X: DO |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
a |
Pedro |
se |
lo/le |
olvid-ó |
el |
otr-o |
camino |
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
refl
.3
sg
|
he.
dir
.
obj
|
forget-
aor
.3
sg
|
art
.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
other-
sg
.
m
|
road[
sg
.
m
]
|
‘Pedro forgot about the other way.’ |
Swedish
att glömma bort
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
ha-de |
glöm-t |
bort |
den |
andr-a |
väg-en |
pn
|
have.
pst
|
forget-
sup
|
away
|
def
.
c
.
sg
|
other-
weak
|
way-
def
.
c
.
sg
|
‘Björn had forgotten about the other road.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (bort is not a flagging device). |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
ACT_LOC
|
X: ACT |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
Na-ka-limut-an |
ni |
Pedro |
ang |
iba |
pa-ng |
daan |
potpv
-
com
.
pfv
-forget-
lv
|
pers
.
gen
|
pn
|
subj
|
other
|
clitic-
lin
|
way
|
‘Pedro forgot about the other road.’ |
Note: ??? Can you change the voice and turn Pedro into the subject here? ??? Think about the COM marker. RG was not sure about the analysis of this structure. |
Telugu
māracipōvu
Valency pattern:
NOM_OBLgurinci
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBLgurinci |
Locus: Y |
pravīṇ |
vērē |
rōḍḍu |
guriṁci |
māracipōyāḍu |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
other
|
road(
n
).
sg
.
obl
|
about
|
forget.
pst
.3
sg
.
m
|
‘Praveen forgot about the other road.’ |
Turkish
unutmak
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
diğer |
yol-u |
unut-tu |
pn
|
other
|
way-
acc
|
forget-
pst
|
‘Mehmet forgot about the other road’. |
Ulcha
oŋbo-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
xusə |
piktə |
goj |
pokto-wo |
oŋbo-xo-ni |
male
|
child
|
other
|
way-
acc
|
forget-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘The boy forgot about the other road.’ |
Uzbek
esdan čiqarvolmoq
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
bošqa |
yo’l-ni |
es-dan |
čiqarvol-di |
pn
|
another
|
road-
acc
|
memory-
abl
|
go_out-
pst
.3
sg
|
‘Petja forgot about the other road.’ |
West Central Oromo
irraanfata
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
obsaa-n |
karaa |
isa |
kan |
biraa |
irraanfat-ee |
dʒir-a |
pn
-
nom
|
road.
abs
|
3
sg
.
m
.
abs
|
of
|
other.
gen
|
forget-
pfv
.
conv
|
aux
-3
sg
.
m
.
npst
|
‘Obsa forgot the other road.’ |
Zilo Andi
retʃː.o-j
Valency pattern:
AFF_NOM
|
X: AFF |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
ali-<b>o |
se-b=lo |
miqχ’i |
retʃː.o-j |
pn
-
aff
<
inan
1>
|
one-
inan
1=
add
|
road[
inan
1][
nom
]
|
forget.
pst
-
pf
|
‘Ali forgot about the other road.’ |