BivalTyp

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‘forget’

Argument frame:

X (forget) (about) Y

Stimulus sentence:

(P. had already visited this town and knew that there is a shorter road. When he went there once again this time, however, he chose the longer road.) P. forgot (about) the other road .

Predicate label Ru:

забывать

Argument frame Ru:

X (забывать) об Y -е

Stimulus sentence Ru:

(П. однажды уже ездил в этот город и знал, что туда есть более короткая дорога. Но сейчас он поехал туда снова и выбрал более длинную). П. забыл о другой дороге .

Abaza [q-]aštəl

Valency pattern: LOCq_ABS

X: LOCq

Y: ABS

Locus: X

murád	jəʕʷbaχəwz	a-mʕʷa	j-q-áštəl-(χ-)ṭ
pn	second	def -road	3 sg . m . io - loc -forget( aor )-( re )- dcl
‘Murad forgot about the other road.’

Adyghe šʼə-ʁʷəpše

Valency pattern: LOC_ABS

X: LOC

Y: ABS

Locus: X

č̣ʼale-m	adre–ʁʷegʷə-r	šʼə-ʁʷəpša-ʁ
парень- obl	другой–дорога- abs	loc -забыть- pst
‘Парень забыл о другой дороге.’

Aghul k’ʷal-as š.u-

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

aslan.a-s	saje	reqː	k’ʷal-as	š.u-ne
pn - dat	other	road	in.memory- elat	leave. pf - aor
‘Aslan forgot about the other road.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic manšə

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

yala	munšiyy-o=l	crita	urxa
boy( m )	forget. res . m - p .3 f =3 m	short. f	way( f )
‘The boy forgot about the other road.’

Bambara ɲìnɛ

Valency pattern: SBJ_ko

X: SBJ

Y: ko

Locus: Y

Sékù	ɲìnɛ-na	síra	surun`	kɔ́
pn	forget- pfv . intr	road	short\ art	behind
‘Seku forgot the short road.’

Brazilian Portuguese esquecer-se

Valency pattern: SBJ_de

X: SBJ

Y: de

Locus: Y

Pedro	se	esquec-eu	do	outr-o	caminho
pn ( m )	refl	forget-3 sg . pst	of+ def . m	other- m	way( m )
‘Pedro forgot about the other way.’

Catalan oblidar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

en	Pere	va	oblid-ar	l'altre	camí
def . sg . m	pn ( m )	go.3 sg . prs . ind	forget- inf	def . sg . m -other. sg . m	road( m )
‘Pere forgot (about) the other road.’

Czech zapomenout

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC

X: NOM

Y: naACC

Locus: Y

Petr	zapomně-l	na	tu	druh-ou	cest-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	forget( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	on	that. f . acc . sg	other- f . acc . sg	road( f )- acc . sg
‘Petr forgot about that other road.’

Danish glemme

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	arbejde-de	og	glem-te	tid-en
pn	work- pst	and	forget- pst	time( c )- def . sg
‘Peter worked and forgot about the time.’

Dutch vergeten

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Piet	is	de	ander-e	weg	verget-en
pn (С)	cop .3 sg	art . def . c	other- c	road( c )	forget- ptcp
‘Piet forgot (about) the other road.’

Eastern Maninka ɲìna

Valency pattern: SBJ_la

X: SBJ

Y: la

Locus: Y

̀Sékù	bára	ɲìna	síla	sudun`	ná.
pn	prf	forget	road	short\ art	at
‘Seku has forgotten the short road.’

English forget

Valency pattern: SBJ_about

X: SBJ

Y: about

Locus: Y

Peter	forgot	about	the	other	road.

Estonian unustama

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: GEN~PART~NOM

Locus: TR

Peeter	unusta-s	teise	tee
pn . sg . nom	forget- pst .3 sg	other. sg . gen	road. sg . gen
‘Peeter forgot the other road.’

Finnish unohtaa

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: GEN~PART~NOM

Locus: TR

Pekka	unoht-i	toisen	tie-n
pn . nom	forget- pst .3 sg	second. gen	road- gen
‘Pekka forgot about the other road.’

Forest Enets dʲurota

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

modʲi	kasa-jʔ	nɛko	nɔi-ta	sɛxɛri-da	dʲurota-bi-za
i	man- nom . sg .1 sg	other	be_straight( ipfv )- ptcp . sim	road- obl . sg .3 sg	forget( pfv )- prf -3 sg . so sg
‘My friend forgot about another, straight road’.

French oublier

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Paul	a	oublié	qu’	il	existe	un	autre	chemin
pn ( m )	have. prs .3 sg	forget. pst . ptcp . m	that	it	exist. prs .3 sg	indf . sg . m	other. sg . m	road( m )
‘Paul forgot that there was another road.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed in a dependent clause. The transitive construction ("Paul a oublié l'autre chemin, plus proche") would have a differenr meaning (he forgot the specific way and was unable to follow the shorter road).

Georgian Ø-a-vic'q'-d-eb-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

p'et're-s	sxva-Ø	gza-Ø	da-Ø-a-vic'q'-d-a
pn - dat	other- nom	way- nom	prv :downward- io 3- ver : sup -forget- intr - s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre forgot the other road.’

German vergessen

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Karl	vergaß	den	ander-en	Weg
pn [ nom . sg ]	forget. pst .3 sg	def . m . acc . sg	another- m . acc . sg	road[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl forgot about the other road.’

Irish déan dearúd

Valency pattern: SBJ_ar

X: SBJ

Y: ar

Locus: Y

Dhein	Pól	dearúd	air	an	mbóthar	eile.
pst /make	pn	oblivion	on	def	road	other
‘Pól forgot (about) the other road.’

Italian dimenticarsi

Valency pattern: SBJ_di

X: SBJ

Y: di

Locus: Y

Leo	si	è	dimenticat-o	dell’	altr-a	strad-a
pn ( m )	refl	aux .3 sg . prs	forget. pst . ptcp - sg . m	of. def . sg . f	other- sg . f	road- sg . f
‘Leo forgot about the other road.’

Kalderash Romani bystrəl

Valency pattern: NOM_pa

X: NOM

Y: pa

Locus: Y

o	Murš-a	bystər-ď-a	pa	kod-o	drom
art . m . dir . sg	pn - nom . sg	forget- pst -3 sg	with	that- m . dir . sg	road[ nom . sg ]
‘Murša forgot about the other road.’

Kazakh umït

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	basqa	žol-dï	umït-tï
pn	other	way- acc	forget- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya forgot about the other road.’

Kazym Khanty jŏrԑmǝti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

pet’a-j-en	wan	jǫš-ǝλ	jŏrԑmǝ-s-λe
pn - ep - poss .2 sg	short	road- poss .3 sg	forget- pst -3 sg . so
‘Petja forgot about the short road.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

ilu-l	bit'ura-l	huni	šuƛ'a-na
1 pl - dat	правильный- iv	дорога( iv )	забывать- pst . u
‘Мы забыли правильную дорогу.’

Kina Rutul jik’ijla upχur

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

rasulɨ-s	tin-baj-dɨ	raˀq	jik’ij-la	u<p>χu-r
pn . obl - dat	that- contr - attr	road( nom )	heart. obl ( sup )- el	<3> lv . pfv - cvb
‘Rasul forgot about the other road.’

Latin obliviscor

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN

X: NOM

Y: GEN

Locus: Y

est	enim	propri-um	stultiti-ae	ali-orum	viti-a	cernere,	oblivisc-i	su-orum
be. prs . ind . act .3 sg	indeed	own- nom . sg . n	foolishness( f )- dat . sg	other- gen . pl . m	vice( n )- acc . pl	notice[ prs ]- inf . act	forget[ prs ]- inf . act	one’s_own- gen . pl . n
‘For it is characteristic to foolishness to notice the vices of others and to forget its own.’
Note: (Cic. Tusc. 3, 73)

Mandarin Chinese wàngjì

Valency pattern: SUB_ba

X: SBJ

Y: ba

Locus: Y

Zhāngsān	bǎ	lìng	yì-tiáo	lù	wàngjì	le
pn	ba	another	one- clf	road	forget	pfv
‘Zhangsan forgot (about) the other road.’
Note: The status of the "bǎ"-construction is controversial.

Mingrelian Ø-o-č'q'or-d-un-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_ERG

X: DAT

Y: ERG

Locus: X

čelo-s	šxva	šara-k	ga-Ø-a-č'q'or-d-(u).
pn - dat	other	road- erg	prv - io 3- ver : sup -forget- intr - s 3 sg . pst
‘Chelo forgot the other road.’

Modern Hebrew ʃaχaχ

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ʃaχaχ	et	ha	dereχ	ha	aχeret
pn	forget[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	road	def	other
‘Pinchas forgot (about) the other road.’

Nanai oŋbo-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Petia	goj-ǯema	pokto-wa	oŋbo-xa-ni
pn	other- restr	road- obl	forget- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia forgot about the other road.’

Nivkh tχar̥pəd

Valency pattern: SBJ_INS

X: SBJ

Y: INS

Locus: Y

Kaskazik	hu	cif-kir̥	tχar̥pə-d
pn	close . dem	road- ins	forget- ind
‘Kaskazik forgot about the other road.’

Northern Mansi xotjoruwlaslum

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

am	l’ōŋx-um	xot-joruwl-as-l-um
i	road- poss .1 sg	pfv -forget- pst -3 sg . o -1 sg . s
‘I forgot the road.’

Northern Yukaghir janaspǝjrǝ=

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Sǝmiǝn	wiǝ-n	jаwul-ǝ	mǝ	jаnаspǝ-j-rǝ-m
pn	other- gen	road- acc	aff	forget- pf - caus - tr .3 sg
‘Semien forgot the other road.’

Norwegian Bokmål å glemme

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Per	hadde	glem-t	snarvei-en
pn	have. pst	forget- ptcp	shortcut- def . m . sg
‘Per forgot about the shortcut.’

Polish zapomnieć

Valency pattern: NOM_oLOC

X: NOM

Y: oLOC

Locus: Y

Basi-a	zapomnia-ł-a	o	t-ej	drodz-e
pn - nom . sg	forget: pfv - pst - f .3 sg	about	this- f . loc . sg	road- loc . sg
‘Basia forgot about that road.’

Russian zabytʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_oLOC

X: NOM

Y: oLOC

Locus: Y

Pet-ja	zaby-l	o	drug-oj	dorog-e
pn ( m )- nom . sg	forget( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	about	other- f . loc . sg	road( f )- loc . sg
‘Petja forgot about the other road.’

Serbian zaboraviti

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC

X: NOM

Y: naACC

Locus: Y

Petar	je	zaboravi-o	na	drug-i	put
pn . nom . sg	be. prs .3 sg	forget- part . perf . m . sg	on	other- acc . sg . m	road. acc . sg
‘Petar forgot about the other road.’

Shughni rinīx̌tow

Valency pattern: NOM_EL

X: NOM

Y: EL

Locus: Y

Azim=i	as	wi	yiga	půnd	rinūx̌-t
pn =3 sg	el	d 3. m . sg . obl	another	road	forget- pst
‘Azim forgot about the other road.’

Skolt Saami väjldõõvvâd

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peâtt	väjldõõʹv-i	tõn	nuuʹbb	čuõkku
pn . sg . nom	forget- pst .3 sg	dist . sg . acc	other. sg . acc	road. sg . acc
‘Pete forgot (about) the other road.’

Slovak zabudnúť

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC

X: NOM

Y: naACC

Locus: Y

Peter	zabudo-l	na	druh-ú	cest-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	forget( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	on	other- f . acc . sg	road( f )- acc . sg
‘Peter forgot about that other road.’

Slovenian pozabiti

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC

X: NOM

Y: naACC

Locus: Y

Peter	je	pozabi-l	na	pot
pn [ nom . sg ]	aux .3 sg	forget: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ]	on	road[ acc . sg ]
‘Peter forgot about the road.’

Sorani Kurdish lebir̂ cûnewe

Valency pattern: EXT_SBJ

X: EXT

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

Hîwa	rê	kurt-eke=î	le	bîr	çot-Ø-ewe
pn	road	short- def =3 sg . pc	from	thought	go. pst -3 sg - asp
‘Hiwa forgot about the shorter road.’
Note: The OBL.3SG morpheme indexes the non-canonical subject of a clausal expression of possession, emotion or cognition (in any tense). Lit. ≈ ‘The road is gone from my memory’.

Spanish olvidar

Valency pattern: DO_SBJ

X: DO

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

a	Pedro	se	lo/le	olvid-ó	el	otr-o	camino
dir . obj . anm	pn [ sg . m ]	refl .3 sg	he. dir . obj	forget- aor .3 sg	art . def . sg . m	other- sg . m	road[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro forgot about the other way.’

Swedish att glömma bort

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Björn	ha-de	glöm-t	bort	den	andr-a	väg-en
pn	have. pst	forget- sup	away	def . c . sg	other- weak	way- def . c . sg
‘Björn had forgotten about the other road.’
Note: Phrasal verb (bort is not a flagging device).

Tagalog

Valency pattern: ACT_LOC

X: ACT

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

Na-ka-limut-an	ni	Pedro	ang	iba	pa-ng	daan
potpv - com . pfv -forget- lv	pers . gen	pn	subj	other	clitic- lin	way
‘Pedro forgot about the other road.’
Note: ??? Can you change the voice and turn Pedro into the subject here? ??? Think about the COM marker. RG was not sure about the analysis of this structure.

Telugu māracipōvu

Valency pattern: NOM_OBLgurinci

X: NOM

Y: OBLgurinci

Locus: Y

pravīṇ	vērē	rōḍḍu	guriṁci	māracipōyāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom	other	road( n ). sg . obl	about	forget. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen forgot about the other road.’

Turkish unutmak

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Mehmet	diğer	yol-u	unut-tu
pn	other	way- acc	forget- pst
‘Mehmet forgot about the other road’.

Ulcha oŋbo-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

xusə	piktə	goj	pokto-wo	oŋbo-xo-ni
male	child	other	way- acc	forget- pst -3 sg
‘The boy forgot about the other road.’

Uzbek esdan čiqarvolmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	bošqa	yo’l-ni	es-dan	čiqarvol-di
pn	another	road- acc	memory- abl	go_out- pst .3 sg
‘Petja forgot about the other road.’

West Central Oromo irraanfata

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

obsaa-n	karaa	isa	kan	biraa	irraanfat-ee	dʒir-a
pn - nom	road. abs	3 sg . m . abs	of	other. gen	forget- pfv . conv	aux -3 sg . m . npst
‘Obsa forgot the other road.’

Zilo Andi retʃː.o-j

Valency pattern: AFF_NOM

X: AFF

Y: NOM

Locus: X

ali-<b>o	se-b=lo	miqχ’i	retʃː.o-j
pn - aff < inan 1>	one- inan 1= add	road[ inan 1][ nom ]	forget. pst - pf
‘Ali forgot about the other road.’