BivalTyp

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‘forfeit’

Argument frame:

X (lose) Y

Stimulus sentence:

(There was a fire in the village. As a result) P. lost his house .

Predicate label Ru:

лишаться

Argument frame Ru:

X (лишаться) Y -а

Stimulus sentence Ru:

(В деревне был пожар. В результате) П. лишился дома .

Abaza [l-]qʷdaχa

Valency pattern: ABS_LOCl

X: ABS

Y: LOCl

Locus: Y

murád	j-tʒə́	d-á-l-qʷdaχa-d
pn	3 sg . m . io -house	3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . n . io - loc -lose( aor )- dcl
‘Murad lost his house.’

Adyghe č̣e-ne

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

t-jə-wəne-xe-r	č̣e-tə-ne-ʁe-x
1 pl . pr - poss -дом- pl - abs	loc : under -1 pl . erg -оставить- pst - pl
‘Мы лишились своих домов’

Aghul x.u-

Valency pattern: ABS_SUBCONT.ELAT

X: ABS

Y: SUBCONT.ELAT

Locus: Y

aslan	χul.a-k-as	x.u-ne
pn	house- sub / cont - elat	become. pf - aor
‘Aslan lost his house.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic payəš

Valency pattern: SBJ_lab

X: SBJ

Y: la_b

Locus: Y

sava	pəš-lə	la	b	bet-u
old. m	remain. pst - ls .3 m	neg	with	house( m )- p .3 m
‘The oldman lost his house.’

Bambara bɔ̀nɛ

Valency pattern: SBJ_la

X: SBJ

Y: la

Locus: Y

Sékù	bɔ̀nɛ-na	à	ka	só`	lá
pn	deprive- pfv . intr	3 sg	poss	house\ art	in
‘Seku lost his house.’

Brazilian Portuguese perder

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pedro	perd-eu	sua	casa
pn ( m )	lose-3 sg . pst	poss .3. f	house( f )
‘Pedro lost his house.’

Catalan perdre

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

en	Pere	va	perdre	la	seva	casa
def . sg . m	pn ( m )	go.3 sg . prs . ind	loose. inf	def . sg . f .	poss .3. f . sg	house( f )
‘Pere lost his house.’

Czech přijít

Valency pattern: NOM_oACC

X: NOM

Y: oACC

Locus: Y

Petr	přiše-l	o	dům
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	come( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	about	house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petr lost his house.’

Danish miste

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	miste-de	sit	hus
pn	lose- pst	poss . refl . n . sg	house( n )
‘Peter lost his house.’

Dutch geen meer hebben

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Piet	heeft	geen	huis	meer
pn ( c )	have.3 sg	no	house( n )	more
‘Piet lost his house.’

Eastern Maninka fɔ́

Valency pattern: SBJ_la

X: SBJ

Y: la

Locus: Y

Sékù	bára	fɔ́	à	lá	bón`	ná.
pn	prf	miss	3 sg	poss	house\ art	at
‘Seku has lost his house.’

English lose

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	lost	his	house.

Estonian ilma jääma

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA

X: NOM

Y: ELA

Locus: Y

Peeter	jä-i	oma	maja-st	ilma
pn . sg . nom	stay- pst .3 sg	poss . refl	house- ela	without
‘Peeter lost his house.’
Note: Phrasal verb (ilma is not a flagging device).

Finnish menettää

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: GEN~PART~NOM

Locus: TR

Pekka	menett-i	talo-nsa
pn . nom	lose- pst .3 sg	house- gen . poss .3 sg
‘Pekka lost his house.’

Forest Enets kaja

Valency pattern: NOM_CAR

X: NOM

Y: CAR

Locus: Y

kasa-jʔ	mɛ-tʃuz	kaja
man- nom . sg .1 sg	chum- car	stay_behind( pfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend remained homeless’.

French perdre

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Paul	a	perdu	sa	maison
pn ( m )	have. prs .3 sg	lose. pst . ptcp . m	one’s. sg . f	house( f )
‘Paul lost his house.’

Georgian da-Ø-k'arg-av-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: NOM

Locus: TR

p'et're-m	saxl-k'ar-i	da-Ø-k'arg-a
pn - erg	house-door- nom	prv :downward- do 3-lose- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre lost his house.’

German verlieren

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Karl	verlor	sein	Haus
pn [ nom . sg ]	lose. pst .3 sg	his[ n . acc . sg ]	house[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl lost his house.’

Irish caill

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Chaill	Pól	a	thig.
pst /lose	pn	poss .3 sg . m	house
‘Pól lost his house.’

Italian perdere

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Leo	ha	perso	cas-a
pn ( m )	aux .3 sg . prs	lose. pst . ptcp	house- sg . f
‘Leo lost house.’

Kalderash Romani xasarəl

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

o	Murš-a	xasar-ď-a	o	khər
art . m . dir . sg	pn - nom . sg	lose- pst -3 sg	art . m . dir . sg	haus[ acc . sg ]
‘Murša lost his house.’

Kazakh ayïrïl-ïp qal

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL

X: NOM

Y: ABL

Locus: Y

Petya	üy-і-nen	ayïrïl-ïp	qal-dï
pn	house- poss 3- abl	lose- cvb	remain- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya lost his house.’

Kazym Khanty *

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: ABS_CONT.EL

X: ABS

Y: CONT.EL

Locus: Y

šamil	batała-ja	aq-qo-žo
pn	расстаться- pst . w	дом( iv )- cont - el
‘Шамиль лишился дома.’
Note: Букв. «Шамиль расстался с домом».

Kina Rutul madiš

Valency pattern: ATTR_NOM

X: ATTR

Y: NOM

Locus: X

rasul-dɨ	χal	madiš
pn - attr	house( nom )	remain.4. neg
‘Rasul lost his house.’

Latin amitto

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Manli-us	agr-os	bon-a-que	omni-a	amis-eri-t
pn ( m )- nom . sg	field( m )- acc . pl	property( n )- acc . pl -and	all- acc . pl . n	lose- fut 2. ind - act .3 sg
‘Manlius lost hist fields and all his property.’
Note: (Sal. Cat. 28, 4)

Mandarin Chinese shīqù

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Zhāngsān	shīqù	le	tā-de	fángzi
pn	lose	pfv	he- de	house
‘Zhangsan lost his house.’

Mingrelian Ø-u-din-un-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_ERG

X: DAT

Y: ERG

Locus: X

čelo-s	ʔude-k	me-Ø-u-din-(u).
pn - dat	house- erg	prv - io 3- ver : o -disappear-( s 3 sg . pst )
‘Chelo lost (his) house.’

Modern Hebrew ibed

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ibed	et	ha	bajt	ʃel-o
pn	lose[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	house	poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas lost his house.’

Nanai xuədə-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Petia	ǯo-i	xuədə-xə-ni
pn	house- p . refl . sg	lose- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia lost his house.’

Nivkh vəkzd

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Kaskazik	taf	+	pəkz-d
pn	house	+	lose- ind
‘Kaskazik lost his house.’

Northern Mansi patəs

Valency pattern: NOM_CAR

X: NOM

Y: CAR

Locus: Y

ti	ēkwa	kol-tāl	pat-əs
this	woman	house- car	fall- pst .3 sg
‘This woman lost her house.’

Northern Yukaghir kуrčī=

Valency pattern: NOM_NEG

X: NOM

Y: NEG

Locus: Y

Sǝmiǝn	аwjа̄	ǝl	nimǝ	kurči-č
pn	yesterday	neg	house	become- intr .3 sg
‘Yesterday, Semien lost his house.’

Norwegian Bokmål å miste

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Per	miste-t	hus-et	sitt
pn	lose- pst	house- def . n . sg	poss . refl . n . sg
‘Per lost his house.’

Polish stracić

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Paweł	straci-ł	dom
pn [ nom . sg ]	lose: pfv \ pst - pst [ m .3 sg ]	house[ acc . sg ]
‘Paweł lost his house.’

Russian lišitʹsja

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN

X: NOM

Y: GEN

Locus: Y

Pet-ja	liši-l-sja	dom-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg	deprive( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl	house( m )- gen . sg
‘Petja lost hist house.’

Serbian ostati

Valency pattern: NOM_bezGEN

X: NOM

Y: bezGEN

Locus: Y

Petar	je	osta-o	bez	kuć-e
pn . nom . sg	be. prs .3 sg	remain- part . perf . m . sg	without	house- gen . sg
‘Petar lost his house.’

Shughni redow

Valency pattern: NOM_beOBL

X: NOM

Y: beOBL

Locus: Y

Ahmed	be-malā	red
pn	without-dwelling	remain. pst
‘Ahmed lost hist house.’

Skolt Saami mõõnted

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peâtt	mõõnt-i	põõrt-âs
pn . sg . nom	make.go- pst .3 sg	house. sg . acc - poss .3 sg
‘Pete lost his house.’

Slovak prísť

Valency pattern: NOM_oACC

X: NOM

Y: oACC

Locus: Y

Peter	prišie-l	o	svoj	dom
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	come( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	about	one's[ m . acc . sg ]	house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Peter lost his house.’

Slovenian ostati

Valency pattern: NOM_brezGEN

X: NOM

Y: brezGEN

Locus: TR

Pavel	je	osta-l	brez	dom-a
pn [ nom . sg ]	aux .3 sg	remain: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ]	without	house- gen . sg
‘Pavel lost his house.’

Sorani Kurdish le dest dan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Hîwa	maɫ-eke=î	de	awir-eke-da	le	dest	da-Ø
pn	house- def =3 sg . pc	in	fire- def -in	from	hand	give. pst -3 sg
‘Hiwa lost his house in the fire.’
Note: The OBL.3SG morpheme indexes the subject of the transitive clause in the past tense.

Spanish perder

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pedro	ha	perdi-do	su	casa
pn [ sg . m ]	aux .3 sg	lose- ptcp : prf	one’s[ sg . f ]	house[ sg . f ]
‘Pedro lost his house.’

Swedish att förlora

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Björn	förlora-de	sitt	hus
pn	lose- pst	poss . refl . n . sg	house
‘Björn lost his house.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: LOC_UND

X: LOC

Y: UND

Locus: X

Na-wala-n	ng	bahay	si	Pedro
potpv . pfv -lose- lv	gen	house	pers . subj	pn
‘Pedro lost his house.’
Note: ??? Can you change the voice and turn the house into the subject here? (the reason I ask is that as I see from you grandma&stone example, there is no flagging difference between ACT and UND in the LV construction (see the identical encoding of grandma and a stone). RG mentions that she “cannot say that house is an actor” and adds that “what makes [this verb] different from the other POTPV is that this one has a locative voice marking too, which makes Pedro sort of the source/owner of the object that is now lost. The ACT in other POTPV are more clearly agents. For this item, I really cannot add an agent, but for another verb POTPV + LV verb, I can add an agent: “Na-hagis-an ng lola ng bato ang bata.” The grandma (ng lola) accidentally threw the child (ang bata) a stone (ng bato).”

Telugu pōgoṭṭukōnu

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

pravīṇ	tana	iṁṭi-ni	pōgoṭṭukunnāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom	own	house( n ). sg . obl - acc	lose. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen lost his house.’

Turkish kaybetmek

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Mehmet	ev-i-ni	kaybet-ti
pn	house- p .3- acc	lose- pst
‘Mehmet lost his house.’

Ulcha očo-

Valency pattern: NOM_CARIT

X: NOM

Y: CARIT

Locus: Y

ama	xagdu=ana	očo-xa-ni
father	house= carit	become- pst -3 sg
‘Father lost his house.’

Uzbek qolmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_CAR

X: NOM

Y: CAR

Locus: Y

Petya	uy-siz	qol-di
pn	house- car	remain- pst .3 sg
‘Petja lost hist house.’

West Central Oromo ɗaba

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

obsaa-n	mana	isaa	ɗab-e
pn - nom	house. abs	3 sg . m . poss	lose-3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa lost his house.’

Zilo Andi <w>-at’a-ɬ.i-j

Valency pattern: NOM_CONT.EL

X: NOM

Y: CONT.EL

Locus: Y

ali	milki-tʃ’u-kːu	w-at’a-ɬ.i-j
pn [ m ][ nom ]	house- cont - el	m -separate- inch . pst - pf
‘Ali lost his house.’