‘forfeit’
| Argument frame: |
X
(lose)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
(There was a fire in the village. As a result)
P.
lost
his house
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
лишаться
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(лишаться)
Y
-а
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(В деревне был пожар. В результате)
П.
лишился
дома
.
|
Abaza
[l-]qʷdaχa
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_LOCl
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: LOCl |
| Locus: Y |
| murád |
j-tʒə́ |
d-á-l-qʷdaχa-d |
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
m
.
io
-house
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-3
sg
.
n
.
io
-
loc
-lose(
aor
)-
dcl
|
| ‘Murad lost his house.’ |
Aghul
x.u-
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_SUBCONT.ELAT
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: SUBCONT.ELAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan |
χul.a-k-as |
x.u-ne |
|
pn
|
house-
sub
/
cont
-
elat
|
become.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Aslan lost his house.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
payəš
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_lab
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: la_b |
| Locus: Y |
| sava |
pəš-lə |
la |
b |
bet-u |
|
old.
m
|
remain.
pst
-
ls
.3
m
|
neg
|
with
|
house(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
| ‘The oldman lost his house.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
perder
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
perd-eu |
sua |
casa |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
lose-3
sg
.
pst
|
poss
.3.
f
|
house(
f
)
|
| ‘Pedro lost his house.’ |
Catalan
perdre
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en |
Pere |
va |
perdre |
la |
seva |
casa |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
loose.
inf
|
def
.
sg
.
f
.
|
poss
.3.
f
.
sg
|
house(
f
)
|
| ‘Pere lost his house.’ |
Czech
přijít
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_oACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: oACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr |
přiše-l |
o |
dům |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
come(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
about
|
house(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Petr lost his house.’ |
Danish
miste
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
miste-de |
sit |
hus |
|
pn
|
lose-
pst
|
poss
.
refl
.
n
.
sg
|
house(
n
)
|
| ‘Peter lost his house.’ |
Dutch
geen meer hebben
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
heeft |
geen |
huis |
meer |
|
pn
(
c
)
|
have.3
sg
|
no
|
house(
n
)
|
more
|
| ‘Piet lost his house.’ |
Estonian
ilma jääma
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ELA |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
jä-i |
oma |
maja-st |
ilma |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
stay-
pst
.3
sg
|
poss
.
refl
|
house-
ela
|
without
|
| ‘Peeter lost his house.’ |
| Note: Phrasal verb (ilma is not a flagging device). |
Finnish
menettää
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka |
menett-i |
talo-nsa |
|
pn
.
nom
|
lose-
pst
.3
sg
|
house-
gen
.
poss
.3
sg
|
| ‘Pekka lost his house.’ |
Forest Enets
kaja
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_CAR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: CAR |
| Locus: Y |
| kasa-jʔ |
mɛ-tʃuz |
kaja |
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
chum-
car
|
stay_behind(
pfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
| ‘My friend remained homeless’. |
German
verlieren
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl |
verlor |
sein |
Haus |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
lose.
pst
.3
sg
|
his[
n
.
acc
.
sg
]
|
house[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Karl lost his house.’ |
Italian
perdere
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo |
ha |
perso |
cas-a |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
lose.
pst
.
ptcp
|
house-
sg
.
f
|
| ‘Leo lost house.’ |
Kazakh
ayïrïl-ïp qal
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
üy-і-nen |
ayïrïl-ïp |
qal-dï |
|
pn
|
house-
poss
3-
abl
|
lose-
cvb
|
remain-
pst
1.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya lost his house.’ |
Kazym Khanty
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Latin
amitto
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Manli-us |
agr-os |
bon-a-que |
omni-a |
amis-eri-t |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
field(
m
)-
acc
.
pl
|
property(
n
)-
acc
.
pl
-and
|
all-
acc
.
pl
.
n
|
lose-
fut
2.
ind
-
act
.3
sg
|
| ‘Manlius lost hist fields and all his property.’ |
| Note: (Sal. Cat. 28, 4) |
Modern Hebrew
ibed
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas |
ibed |
et |
ha |
bajt |
ʃel-o |
|
pn
|
lose[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
def
|
house
|
poss
-3
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Pinchas lost his house.’ |
Nanai
xuədə-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia |
ǯo-i |
xuədə-xə-ni |
|
pn
|
house-
p
.
refl
.
sg
|
lose-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia lost his house.’ |
Nivkh
vəkzd
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik |
taf |
+ |
pəkz-d |
|
pn
|
house
|
+
|
lose-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskazik lost his house.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å miste
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
miste-t |
hus-et |
sitt |
|
pn
|
lose-
pst
|
house-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
poss
.
refl
.
n
.
sg
|
| ‘Per lost his house.’ |
Polish
stracić
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Paweł |
straci-ł |
dom |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
lose:
pfv
\
pst
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
house[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Paweł lost his house.’ |
Russian
lišitʹsja
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
liši-l-sja |
dom-a |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
deprive(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]-
refl
|
house(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja lost hist house.’ |
Rutul
madiš
|
Valency pattern:
ATTR_NOM
|
| X: ATTR |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| rasul-dɨ |
χal |
madiš |
|
pn
-
attr
|
house(
nom
)
|
remain.4.
neg
|
| ‘Rasul lost his house.’ |
Serbian
ostao
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_bezGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: bezGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar |
je |
osta-o |
bez |
kuć-e |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
быть.
prs
.3
sg
|
остаться-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
бeз
|
дом-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Петар остался без дома.’ |
Shughni
redow
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_beOBL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: beOBL |
| Locus: Y |
| Ahmed |
be-malā |
red |
|
pn
|
without-dwelling
|
remain.
pst
|
| ‘Ahmed lost hist house.’ |
Skolt Saami
mõõnted
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
mõõnt-i |
põõrt-âs |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
make.go-
pst
.3
sg
|
house.
sg
.
acc
-
poss
.3
sg
|
| ‘Pete lost his house.’ |
Slovenian
ostati
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_brezGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: brezGEN |
| Locus: TR |
| Pavel |
je |
osta-l |
brez |
dom-a |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
remain:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
without
|
house-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Pavel lost his house.’ |
Spanish
perder
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
ha |
perdi-do |
su |
casa |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
lose-
ptcp
:
prf
|
one’s[
sg
.
f
]
|
house[
sg
.
f
]
|
| ‘Pedro lost his house.’ |
Swedish
att förlora
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
förlora-de |
sitt |
hus |
|
pn
|
lose-
pst
|
poss
.
refl
.
n
.
sg
|
house
|
| ‘Björn lost his house.’ |
Turkish
kaybetmek
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet |
ev-i-ni |
kaybet-ti |
|
pn
|
house-
p
.3-
acc
|
lose-
pst
|
| ‘Mehmet lost his house.’ |
Ulcha
očo-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_CARIT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: CARIT |
| Locus: Y |
| ama |
xagdu=ana |
očo-xa-ni |
|
father
|
house=
carit
|
become-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘Father lost his house.’ |
Zilo Andi
<w>-at’a-ɬ.i-j
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_CONT.EL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: CONT.EL |
| Locus: Y |
| ali |
milki-tʃ’u-kːu |
w-at’a-ɬ.i-j |
|
pn
[
m
][
nom
]
|
house-
cont
-
el
|
m
-separate-
inch
.
pst
-
pf
|
| ‘Ali lost his house.’ |
