‘follow’
Argument frame: |
X
(follow)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
follows
M
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
следовать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(следовать) за
Y
-ом
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
следует за
М
.
|
Abaza
[c̣əqʷa] ta-gəla
Valency pattern:
ABS_jceqwa
|
X: ABS |
Y: jceqwa |
Locus: Y |
rasúl |
j-aš’á |
j-c̣ə́qʷa |
d-ta-gəla-b |
pn
|
3
sg
.
m
.
io
-brother
|
3
sg
.
m
.
io
-tail
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-
loc
-stand-
npst
.
dcl
|
‘Rasul follows his brother.’ |
Aghul
ʕʷ.a-
Valency pattern:
ABS_GENxupaqas
|
X: ABS |
Y: GENxupaqas |
Locus: Y |
aslan |
meʜemed.i-n |
χupːaq-as |
ʕʷ.a-a |
pn
|
pn
-
gen
|
behind-
elat
|
go.
ipf
-
prs
|
‘Aslan follows Muhammad.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
azəl
Valency pattern:
SBJ_bar
|
X: SBJ |
Y: bar |
Locus: Y |
ayya |
baxta |
bəšš=əla |
+bar |
+gor-o |
dem
2.
f
|
woman(
f
)
|
go.
prog
=3
f
|
after
|
man(
m
)-
p
.3
f
|
‘This woman follows her husband.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
seguir
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
segu-e |
Miguel |
pn
(
m
)
|
follow-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
m
)
|
‘Pedro follows Miguel.’ |
Catalan
seguir
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
segueix |
en |
Marc |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
follow.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
‘Pere follows Marc.’ |
Czech
jít
Valency pattern:
NOM_zaINS
|
X: NOM |
Y: zaINS |
Locus: Y |
Petr |
jde |
za |
Michal-em |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
go(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
behind
|
pn
(
m
)-
ins
.
sg
|
‘Petr follows Michal.’ |
Danish
følge
Valency pattern:
SBJ_efter
|
X: SBJ |
Y: efter |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
følge-r |
efter |
Marie |
pn
|
follow-
prs
|
after
|
pn
|
‘Peter follows Marie.’ |
Dutch
volgen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
volg-t |
Marie |
pn
(
c
)
|
follow-3
sg
|
pn
(
c
)
|
‘Piet follows Marie.’ |
Estonian
jälitama
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
jälita-b |
Mareti-t |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
follow-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
sg
.
part
|
‘Peeter follows Maret.’ |
Finnish
seurata
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
seura-a |
Matti-a |
pn
.
nom
|
follow-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
part
|
‘Pekka follows Matti’ |
Forest Enets
dʲazu
Valency pattern:
NOM_OBLpoon
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBLpon |
Locus: Y |
vasʲa |
kasa-da |
pɔɔn |
dʲaza |
pn
|
man-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
behind
|
go(
ipfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘Vasja is following his friend’. |
German
folgen
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Karl |
folg-t |
Marie |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
follow-
prs
.3
sg
|
m
arie[
dat
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl follows Marie.’ |
Italian
seguire
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
segu-e |
Maria |
pn
(
m
)
|
follow-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Leo follows Maria.’ |
Kazakh
žür
Valency pattern:
NOM_GENartynan
|
X: NOM |
Y: GENartynan |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
Maša-nïŋ |
artïnan |
žür-edі |
pn
|
pn
-
gen
|
after
|
go-
prs
2.3
sg
|
‘Petya follows Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
šǫtši
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOMjupijen
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOMjupijen |
Locus: Y |
pet’a-j-en |
maša-j-ǝλ |
jŭpijǝn |
šǫt-ǝλ |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.3
sg
|
behind
|
go-
npst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja follows Maša.’ |
Latin
sequor
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
parv-us |
Iul-us |
sequi-tur |
patr-em |
non |
pass-ibus |
aequ-is |
little-
nom
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
follow[
prs
.
ind
]-
mid
.3
sg
|
father(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
not
|
step(
m
)-
abl
.
pl
|
equal-
abl
.
pl
.
m
|
‘Little Iulus followed, with unequal step, his sire.’ |
Note: (Verg. Aen. II, 723) |
Modern Hebrew
okev
Valency pattern:
SBJ_axarej
|
X: SBJ |
Y: axarej |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas |
okev |
aχarej |
Menaχem |
pn
|
follow[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
after
|
pn
|
‘Pinchas follows Menachem.’ |
Nanai
ənə-
Valency pattern:
NOM_xamila
|
X: NOM |
Y: xamila |
Locus: Y |
Petia |
Maša |
xame-la-ni |
ənə-j-ni |
pn
|
pn
|
back-
loc
-
p
.3
sg
|
go-
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia follows Masha.’ |
Nivkh
jarid
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
Ajsana |
+ |
ari-d |
pn
|
pn
|
+
|
fall.behind-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik follows Ajsana.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å følge etter
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
følge-r |
etter |
Ola |
pn
|
follow-
prs
|
after
|
pn
|
‘Per follows Kari.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (etter is not a flagging device). |
Polish
iść
Valency pattern:
NOM_zaINS
|
X: NOM |
Y: zaINS |
Locus: Y |
Jacek |
idzie |
za |
Mark-iem |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
go:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
behind
|
pn
-
ins
.
sg
|
‘Jacek follows Marek.’ |
Russian
idti
Valency pattern:
NOM_zaINS
|
X: NOM |
Y: zaINS |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja |
id-et |
za |
Maš-ej |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
go(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
behind
|
pn
(
f
)-
ins
.
sg
|
‘Petja follows Maša.’ |
Rutul
xale ana jiɁi
Valency pattern:
NOM_ATTRzibra
|
X: NOM |
Y: ATTRzibra |
Locus: Y |
rasul |
xal-e |
a-na |
jiɁi |
asijet-dɨ |
ǯibra |
pn
(
nom
)
|
trail-
in
|
be-
cvb
|
1.
cop
|
pn
-
attr
|
behind
|
‘Rasul follows Asijat.’ |
Serbian
sledi
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
sledi |
Marij-u |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
следовать.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Петар следует за Марией’ |
Shughni
tīdow
Valency pattern:
NOM_OBLdamti
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBLdamti |
Locus: Y |
Azim |
Lola |
dām-ti |
tīz-d |
pn
|
pn
|
back-
sup
|
go-3
sg
|
‘Azim follows Lola.’ |
Skolt Saami
čuâvvad
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
čuâvv |
Määʹrj |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
follow.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete follows Maria’ |
Slovenian
slediti
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
sledi |
Pavl-u |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
follow:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Peter follows Pavel.’ |
Spanish
seguir
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
sigu-e |
a |
María |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
follow-
prs
.3
sg
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro follows Maria.’ |
Swedish
att följa efter
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
följ-er |
efter |
Maja |
pn
|
follow-
prs
|
after
|
pn
|
‘Björn follows Maja.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (efter is not a flagging device). |
Turkish
gitmek
Valency pattern:
NOM_GENpesinden
|
X: NOM |
Y: GENpesinden |
Locus: Y |
Mehmet |
Orhan-ın |
peşinden |
gid-iyor |
pn
|
pn
-
gen
|
after
|
go-
prs
|
‘Mehmet is following Orhan.’ |
Ulcha
pulsi-
Valency pattern:
NOM_xamiPROL
|
X: NOM |
Y: xamiPROL |
Locus: Y |
əj |
iŋda |
min |
xami-ki-je |
ti |
pul-s-i-ni |
this
|
dog
|
my
|
behind-
prol
-1
sg
|
so
|
walk-
ipfv
-
prs
-3
sg
|
‘This dog follows me like this.’ |
Zilo Andi
<w>-eχːudu <w>-uʔ.inn-e
Valency pattern:
NOM_CONT
|
X: NOM |
Y: CONT |
Locus: Y |
ali |
muħammadi-tʃ’u |
w-eχːudu |
w-uʔ.inn-e |
pn
[
m
][
nom
]
|
pn
-
cont
|
m
-after
|
m
-go.
npst
-
hab
|
‘Ali is going after/following Muhammad.’ |