BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘find’

Argument frame: X (find) Y
Stimulus sentence: P. found his keys .
Predicate label Ru: находить
Argument frame Ru: X (находить) Y (-а)
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. нашел ключи .

Abaza ʕa-aw

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
a-phʷə́spa a-c̣apχá ʕa-l-áw-d
def -girl def -key cisl -3 sg . f . erg -find( aor )- dcl
‘The girl found the key.’

Adyghe ʁʷetə

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
pŝaŝe-m wənč̣ʼəbze-xe-r q-ə-ʁʷetə-žʼə-ʁ
девушка- obl ключ- pl - abs csl -3 sg . erg -найти- re - pst
‘Девушка нашла ключи.’

Aghul (qa-)ǯik’.i-

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
aslan.a-s güleg-ar (qa-)ǯik’.i-ne
pn - dat key- pl re -find. pf - aor
‘Aslan found his keys.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic mačəx

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
yala mučx-e-lə kdilə
boy( m ) find. pst - ss ( o ).3 pl - ls .3 m key( m ). pl
‘The boy found the keys.’

Bambara yé

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù ye kónɲin` yé
pn pfv . tr key\ art see
‘Sekou found the key.’

Brazilian Portuguese achar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro ach-ou a-s chave-s
pn ( m ) find-3 sg . pst def . f - pl key( f )- pl
‘Pedro found the keys.’

Catalan trobar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere va trob-ar les seves clau-s
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind find- inf def . pl . f poss .3. f . pl key( f )- pl
‘Pere found his keys.’

Czech najít

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr naše-l klíč-e
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] find( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] key( m )- acc . pl
‘Petr found his keys.’

Danish finde

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter fandt sin-e nøgle-r
pn find. pst poss . refl . c - pl key( c )- pl
‘Peter found his keys.’

Dutch vinden

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft de sleutel-s ge-vond-en
pn ( c ) have.3 sg art . def . c key( c )- pl ptcp -find- ptcp
‘Piet found the keys.’

Eastern Maninka yé

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù bára kóɲin` yé.
pn prf key\ art see
‘Seku has found the key.’

English find

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter found his keys.

Estonian leidma

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Peeter leid-is oma võtme-d
pn . sg . nom find- pst .3 sg poss . refl key- pl . nom
‘Peeter found his keys.’

Finnish löytää

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Pekka löy-si avaim-en
pn . nom find- pst .3 sg key- gen
‘Pekka found the key.’

Forest Enets ko

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
modʲi kasa-jʔ nɛɛ-da sɔjeeʔ koɔ-za
i man- nom . sg .1 sg needle- obl . sg .3 sg just_now find( pfv )-3 sg . so sg
‘My friend has just found his needle’.

French trouver

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Paul a trouvé ses clef-s
pn ( m ) have. prs .3 sg find. pst . ptcp . m one’s. pl key( f )- pl
‘Paul found his keys.’

Georgian Ø-p'o-ul-ob-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
p'et're-m gasaγeb-i Ø-i-p'ov-a
pn - erg key- nom s 3- ver : s -find- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre found his keys.’

German finden

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl fand sein-en Schlüssel
pn [ nom . sg ] find. pst .3 sg his- m . acc . sg key[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl found his key.’

Irish faigh

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Fuair Pól a chuid neochr-acha.
find. pst pn poss .3 sg . m share keys- gp
‘Pól found his keys.’

Italian trovare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo ha trovato le chiav-i
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs find. pst . ptcp def . pl . f key- pl . f
‘Leo found the keys.’

Kalderash Romani arakhəl

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
o Murš-a arakh-ľ-a le te-i
art . m . dir . sg pn - nom . sg find- pst -3 sg art . pl key- acc . pl
‘Murša found his keys.’

Kazakh tap

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya kіlt-tі tap-tï
pn key- acc find- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya found the keys.’

Kazym Khanty wǫjǝtti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
petr-en λǫp-ǝλ wǫjt-ǝs
pn - poss .2 sg oar- poss .3 sg find- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja found his oar.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
maduʁale-l l-is-sa leka-ba
сосед- dat nhpl -находиться- pst . w ключ( iii )- pl . abs
‘Сосед нашел ключи..’

Kina Rutul agɨra

Valency pattern: APUD.EL_NOM
X: APUD.EL
Y: NOM
Locus: X
rasul-da: a-gɨ-r=a güleg-mar
pn - apud . el pv - npl .find. pfv - cvb =be key- pl ( nom )
‘Rasul found his keys.’

Latin invenio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
nemo profect-um ibi inveni-t ubi reliqu-era-t
nobody. nom . sg success( m )- acc . sg there find[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg where leave- plup . ind - act .3 sg
‘No one finds the progress there, where he left it.’
Note: (Sen. Ep. 71, 35)

Mandarin Chinese zhǎodào

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān zhǎodào le tā-de yàoshi
pn find pfv he- de key
‘Zhangsan found his key(s).’

Mingrelian Ø-ʒir-un-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
čelo-k muš-(i) k'ila-Ø ko-Ø-ʒir-(u).
pn - erg refl . poss -( nom ) key- nom aff - do 3-find- s 3 sg . pst
‘Chelo found his keys.’

Modern Hebrew matsa

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pinχas matsa et ha mafteχ-ot ʃel-o
pn find[ pst .3 sg . m ] do def key- pl poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas found his keys.’

Nanai baogo-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia anako-wa bao-go-xa-ni
pn key- obl find- rep - pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia found his keys.’

Nivkh idəd

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kaskazik pitɣəŋ idə-d
pn book find- ind
‘Kaskazik found the book.’

Northern Mansi xōntsəs

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
am xōnt-s-um xōxsa
i find- pst -1 sg cigarette
‘I found a cigarette.’

Northern Yukaghir nū=

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Sǝmiǝn ključ-pǝ-lǝ nū-mǝ-lǝ
pn key- pl - acc find- tr - of .3 sg
‘Semien found his keys.’

Norwegian Bokmål å finne

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per fant nøkl-ene
pn find. pst key- def . pl
‘Per found his keys.’

Polish znaleźć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Feliks znalaz-ł klucz-e
pn [ nom . sg ] find: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] key- acc . pl
‘Feliks found his keys.’

Russian najti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet-ja naše-l ključ-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg find( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] key( m )- acc . pl
‘Petja found his keys.’

Serbian naći

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar je naša-o ključ-eve
pn . nom . sg be. prs .3 sg find- part . perf . m . sg key- acc . pl
‘Petar found his keys.’

Shughni virêdow

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Azim=i čilā virū-d půnd=ti
pn =3 sg ring find- pst road= sup
‘Azim found a ring on the road.’

Skolt Saami kaunnâd

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peâtt kaaun-i lokkčouddj-es
pn . sg . nom find- pst .3 sg key. sg . acc - poss .3 sg
‘Pete found his key.’

Slovak nájsť

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter našie-l jeho kľúč-e
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] find( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] his key( m )- acc . pl
‘Peter found his keys.’

Slovenian najti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter je naše-l ključ-e
pn [ nom . sg ] aux .3 sg find: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] key- acc . pl
‘Peter found his keys.’

Sorani Kurdish dî̂tinewe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Hîwa kilîl-ek-an=î dît-Ø-ewe
pn key- def - pl =3 sg . pc see. pst -3 sg - asp
‘Hiwa found his keys.’

Spanish encontrar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro ha encontra-do la-s llave-s
pn [ sg . m ] aux .3 sg find- ptcp : prf art . def . sg . f - pl key[ sg . f ]- pl
‘Pedro found the keys.’

Swedish att hitta

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn hitta-de sina nyckl-ar
pn find- pst poss . refl . pl key- pl
‘Björn found his keys.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: TR
X: ACT
Y: UND
Locus: TR
Na-hanap ni Pedro ang kaniya-ng susi
potpv . pfv -find pers . gen pn subj 3. sg . dat - lin keys
‘Pedro found his keys.’

Telugu doruku

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pravīṇ-ki tana tāḷaṁcēvu-lu dorikāyi
pn ( m ). sg . obl - dat own key( n )- pl . nom be_found. pst .3 pl . n
‘Praveen found his keys.’

Turkish bulmak

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Mehmet anahtar-lar-ı bul-du
pn key- pl - p .3 find- pst
‘Mehmet found his keys.’

Ulcha bāqu-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ama anaqu-wa bā-qo-xa-ni
father key- acc find- rep - pst -3 sg
‘Father found the keys.’

Uzbek topib olmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya kalit top-ib ol-di
pn key find- cvb take- pst .3 sg
‘Petja found his keys.’

West Central Oromo argata

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
obsaa-n furtuu isaa arg-at-e
pn - nom key. abs 3 sg . m . poss see- mid -3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa found his keys.’

Zilo Andi r-osː.onn-ij

Valency pattern: AFF_NOM
X: AFF
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pat’imati-<r>o r-osː.onn-ij rek’ulol
pn - aff < inan 2> inan 2- pl \find. pst - pf keys[ inan 2]. pl [ nom ]
‘Patimat has found the keys.’