BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘find’

Argument frame: X (find) Y
Stimulus sentence: P. found his keys .
Predicate label Ru: находить
Argument frame Ru: X (находить) Y (-а)
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. нашел ключи .

Abaza ʕa-aw

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
a-phʷə́spa a-c̣apχá ʕa-l-áw-d
def -girl def -key cisl -3 sg . f . erg -find( aor )- dcl
‘The girl found the key.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) ʁʷetə

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
pŝaŝe-m ʔʷənč̣ʼəbze-xe-r q-ə-ʁʷetə-žʼə-ʁ
girl- obl key- pl - abs csl -3 sg . erg -find- re - pst
‘The girl found the keys.’

Aghul (qa-)ǯik’.i-

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
aslan.a-s güleg-ar (qa-)ǯik’.i-ne
pn - dat key- pl re -find. pf - aor
‘Aslan found his keys.’

Alik Kryz vadq'vara aric

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
terlan-ir açar-bi vadq'vara ar-ic
pn - erg lock- pl . nom n .find. cvb do. pfv - aor . n
‘Terlan found his keys.’

Archi

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s nakʼəm-mul χo
pn - dat key- pl npl .find. pfv
‘Pasha found his keys.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic mačəx

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
yala mučx-e-lə kdilə
boy( m ) find. pst - ss ( o ).3 pl - ls .3 m key( m ). pl
‘The boy found the keys.’

Avar batize

Valency pattern: LOC_NOM
X: LOC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ʕali-da k’ulal r-at-ana
pn - loc keys pl -find- aor
‘Ali found his keys.’

Azerbaijani tapmaq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Aslan açar-lar-ı tap-dı
pn key- pl - poss 3 find- pst (3)
‘Aslan found his keys.’

Bambara yé

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù ye kónɲin` yé
pn pfv . tr key\ art see
‘Sekou found the key.’

Brazilian Portuguese achar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro ach-ou a-s chave-s
pn ( m ) find-3 sg . pst def . f - pl key( f )- pl
‘Pedro found the keys.’

Catalan trobar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere va trob-ar les seves clau-s
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind find- inf def . pl . f poss .3. f . pl key( f )- pl
‘Pere found his keys.’

Chirag b-aʁi

Valency pattern: SUPER_ABS
X: SUPER
Y: ABS
Locus: X
ʡa̰li-l-i gilaw-me d-aʁ-ib
pn - obl - super key- pl ( abs ) n . pl -find: pf - aor .3
‘Ali found his keys.’

Czech najít

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr naše-l klíč-e
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] find( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] key( m )- acc . pl
‘Petr found his keys.’

Danish finde

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter fandt sin-e nøgle-r
pn find. pst poss . refl . c - pl key( c )- pl
‘Peter found his keys.’

Dutch vinden

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft de sleutel-s ge-vond-en
pn ( c ) have.3 sg art . def . c key( c )- pl ptcp -find- ptcp
‘Piet found the keys.’

Eastern Maninka yé

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù bára kóɲin` yé.
pn prf key\ art see
‘Seku has found the key.’

English find

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter found his keys.

Estonian leidma

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Peeter leid-is oma võtme-d
pn . sg . nom find- pst .3 sg poss . refl key- pl . nom
‘Peeter found his keys.’

Finnish löytää

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Pekka löy-si avaim-en
pn . nom find- pst .3 sg key- gen
‘Pekka found the key.’

Forest Enets ko

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
modʲi kasa-jʔ nɛɛ-da sɔjeeʔ koɔ-za
i man- nom . sg .1 sg needle- obl . sg .3 sg just_now find( pfv )-3 sg . so sg
‘My friend has just found his needle’.

French trouver

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Paul a trouvé ses clef-s
pn ( m ) have. prs .3 sg find. pst . ptcp . m one’s. pl key( f )- pl
‘Paul found his keys.’

Georgian Ø-p'o-ul-ob-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
p'et're-m gasaγeb-i Ø-i-p'ov-a
pn - erg key- nom s 3- ver : s -find- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre found his keys.’

German finden

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl fand sein-en Schlüssel
pn [ nom . sg ] find. pst .3 sg his- m . acc . sg key[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl found his key.’

Guinean Kpelle káa

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pépèe àá nàklê káa
pn 3 sg . prf def \key see
‘Pepee found the key.’

Icari Dargwa d=arkː-uj

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
Islam-il umx-ni d=arčː-ib
pn - erg key- pl npl =find: pf - aor
‘Islam found his keys.’

Irish faigh

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Fuair Pól a chuid neochr-acha.
find. pst pn poss .3 sg . m share keys- gp
‘Pól found his keys.’

Italian trovare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo ha trovato le chiav-i
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs find. pst . ptcp def . pl . f key- pl . f
‘Leo found the keys.’

Kadar Dargwa

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
meħamad-li ibxan-t d-arg-ib
pn - erg key- pl npl -find. pfv - pret
‘Muhammad found his keys.’

Kalderash Romani arakhəl

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
o Murš-a arakh-ľ-a le te-i
art . m . dir . sg pn - nom . sg find- pst -3 sg art . pl key- acc . pl
‘Murša found his keys.’

Kandyk Tabasaran

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
maˁhaˁmed.a-z žulg-er ʁi-d-iq-nu
pn - dat key- pl ( abs ) pf - pl -find- pst
‘Mahamad found his keys.’

Karata bisaanɬa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ʕalja rek’ul-di r-is-an
pn . dat key- pl npl -find- pf
‘Ali found his keys.’

Kaytag Dargwa bark:ara

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
petja-l umxni d-arč:-iv
pn - erg key. pl . nom npl -find. pf - aor
‘Petja found his keys.’

Kazakh tap

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya kіlt-tі tap-tï
pn key- acc find- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya found the keys.’

Kazym Khanty wǫjǝtti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
petr-en λǫp-ǝλ wǫjt-ǝs
pn - poss .2 sg oar- poss .3 sg find- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja found his oar.’

Khoekhoe hō

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petru-b ge ǁî-b ǁkhopaam-gu-a go hō
pn -3 m . sg decl 3-3 m . sg key-3 m . pl - obl rpst find
‘Peter found his keys.’

Khwarshi j/isa

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
maduʁale-l l-is-sa leka-ba
neighbor- dat nhpl -be.found- pst . w key( iii )- pl . abs
‘Shamil found his keys.’

Kina Rutul agɨra

Valency pattern: APUD.EL_NOM
X: APUD.EL
Y: NOM
Locus: X
rasul-da: a-gɨ-r=a güleg-mar
pn - apud . el pv - npl .find. pfv - cvb =be key- pl ( nom )
‘Rasul found his keys.’

Kumyk tapmaq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: DO
Locus: TR
mahammat ačʁɨč-la-nɨ tap-d-ɨ
pn key- pl - acc find- pst -3 sg
‘Muhammad found the keys.’

Latin invenio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
nemo profect-um ibi inveni-t ubi reliqu-era-t
nobody. nom . sg success( m )- acc . sg there find[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg where leave- plup . ind - act .3 sg
‘No one finds the progress there, where he left it.’
Note: (Sen. Ep. 71, 35)

Laz o-ʒir-u

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
Käzim-i-k k'ola-muš-i ko-Ø-ʒi(r)-u
pn - b - erg key- poss 3- nom aff - do 3-see- s 3 sg . pst
‘Käzim found his key.’

Mandarin Chinese zhǎodào

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān zhǎodào le tā-de yàoshi
pn find pfv he- de key
‘Zhangsan found his key(s).’

Mano nāā

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
māà ɓà ká nāā
1 sg . prf 2 sg . poss house love
‘I have found your house.’

Mehweb

Valency pattern: CONT.LAT_NOM
X: CONT.LAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Islam-ize d-arg-ib urx-ne
pn - cont ( lat ) npl -find: pfv - pst key- pl
‘Islam found his keys.’

Mingrelian Ø-ʒir-un-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
čelo-k muš-(i) k'ila-Ø ko-Ø-ʒir-(u)
pn - erg refl . poss -( nom ) key- nom aff - do 3-find- s 3 sg . pst
‘Chelo found his keys.’

Modern Hebrew matsa

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pinχas matsa et ha mafteχ-ot ʃel-o
pn find[ pst .3 sg . m ] do def key- pl poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas found his keys.’

Mukhad Rutul agın

Valency pattern: AD_NOM
X: AD
Y: NOM
Locus: X
murad-da ačar agı-ri
pn - ad key( a ) ( n )find. pf - aor
‘Murad found his keys.’

Nanai baogo-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia anako-wa bao-go-xa-ni
pn key- obl find- rep - pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia found his keys.’

Nivkh idəd

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kaskazik pitɣəŋ idə-d
pn book find- ind
‘Kaskazik found the book.’

Northern Akhvakh bičunuƛa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pataħi-ƛa rik’aƛƛa r-ič-eni
pn - dat keys npl -find- aor
‘Patahi found his keys.’

Northern Mansi xōntsəs

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
am xōnt-s-um xōxsa
i find- pst -1 sg cigarette
‘I found a cigarette.’

Northern Yukaghir nū=

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Sǝmiǝn ključ-pǝ-lǝ nū-mǝ-lǝ
pn key- pl - acc find- tr - of .3 sg
‘Semien found his keys.’

Norwegian Bokmål å finne

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per fant nøkl-ene
pn find. pst key- def . pl
‘Per found his keys.’

Polish znaleźć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Feliks znalaz-ł klucz-e
pn [ nom . sg ] find: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] key- acc . pl
‘Feliks found his keys.’

Russian najti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet-ja naše-l ključ-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg find( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] key( m )- acc . pl
‘Petja found his keys.’

Serbian naći

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar je naša-o ključ-eve
pn . nom . sg be. prs .3 sg find- part . perf . m . sg key- acc . pl
‘Petar found his keys.’

Shinaz Rutul aqhakɨ-n

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
basir haqhagu-r gülej-mar
pn ( erg ) ( n )find. pf - aor key- pl . nom
‘Basir found his keys.’

Shughni virêdow

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Azim=i čilā virū-d půnd=ti
pn =3 sg ring find- pst road= sup
‘Azim found a ring on the road.’

Skolt Saami kaunnâd

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peâtt kaaun-i lokkčouddj-es
pn . sg . nom find- pst .3 sg key. sg . acc - poss .3 sg
‘Pete found his key.’

Slovak nájsť

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter našie-l jeho kľúč-e
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] find( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] his key( m )- acc . pl
‘Peter found his keys.’

Slovenian najti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter je naše-l ključ-e
pn [ nom . sg ] aux .3 sg find: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] key- acc . pl
‘Peter found his keys.’

Sorani Kurdish dîtinewe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Hîwa kilîl-ek-an=î dît-Ø-ewe
pn key- def - pl =3 sg . pc see. pst -3 sg - asp
‘Hiwa found his keys.’

Southern Rutul fayʔın

Valency pattern: AD_NOM
X: AD
Y: NOM
Locus: X
tunar-da aˤçaˤr-bı fayʔi-r
pn - ad key- pl . nom n .find. pf - aor
‘Tunar found his keys.’

Spanish encontrar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro ha encontra-do la-s llave-s
pn [ sg . m ] aux .3 sg find- ptcp : prf art . def . sg . f - pl key[ sg . f ]- pl
‘Pedro found the keys.’

Standard Arabic waǧada

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Badr-u-n waǧada l-mafātīḥ-a
pn - nom - indef find. pf .3 m def -keys- acc
‘Badr found his keys.’

Svan

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
maizer-d k'ǝl-är-Ø ž-än-Ø-tx-e
pn - erg key- pl - nom prv : upward - prv : prox - do 3-find- pst
‘Maizer found (his) keys.’

Swedish att hitta

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn hitta-de sina nyckl-ar
pn find- pst poss . refl . pl key- pl
‘Björn found his keys.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: TR
X: ACT
Y: UND
Locus: TR
Na-hanap ni Pedro ang kaniya-ng susi
pot . pv . pfv -find pers . gen pn subj 3. sg . dat - lin keys
‘Pedro found his keys.’

Telugu doruku

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pravīṇ-ki tana tāḷaṁcēvu-lu dorikāyi
pn ( m ). sg . obl - dat own key( n )- pl . nom be_found. pst .3 pl . n
‘Praveen found his keys.’

Tsakhur uvaykiy

Valency pattern: ADLAT_NOM
X: ADLAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
murad-ı-sqha mık’ey-bı uvaykı-mbı
pn - obl - adlat key- pl . nom find. pf - pl
‘Murad found his keys.’

Tsudakhar Dargwa b-arčː-iz/b-určː-iz

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
uršːi-li-z umxu b-arčː-ib
boy- obl - dat key n -find. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy found his key.’

Tsugni Dargwa b-arčː-i / b-určː-i

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
durħaˤ-li umxːu b-arčː-ib
boy- erg key n -find. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy found his key.’

Turkish bulmak

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Mehmet anahtar-lar-ı bul-du
pn key- pl - p .3 find- pst
‘Mehmet found his keys.’

Turoyo ḥoze

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Gabriyel ḥze-le a qliḏ-ayḏe
pn see. pfv - ls .3 m art . pl key- p .3 m
‘Gabriyel found his keys.’

Ulcha bāqu-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ama anaqu-wa bā-qo-xa-ni
father key- acc find- rep - pst -3 sg
‘Father found the keys.’

Uzbek topib olmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya kalit top-ib ol-di
pn key find- cvb take- pst .3 sg
‘Petja found his keys.’

West Central Oromo argata

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
obsaa-n furtuu isaa arg-at-e
pn - nom key. abs 3 sg . m . poss see- mid -3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa found his keys.’

Zilo Andi r-osː.onn-ij

Valency pattern: AFF_NOM
X: AFF
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pat’imati-<r>o r-osː.onn-ij rek’ulol
pn - aff < inan 2> inan 2- pl \find. pst - pf keys[ inan 2]. pl [ nom ]
‘Patimat has found the keys.’