‘fight’
| Argument frame: | X (fight) with Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | (‘Look out of the window!’ ‘What’s happening?’) ‘ P. is fighting with M. ’ |
| Predicate label Ru: | драться |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (драться) с Y -ом |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | (— Посмотри во двор. — А что там?). П. дерется с М . |
Abaza [aba-]ḳə
| Valency pattern: ABS_SOC |
| X: ABS |
| Y: SOC |
| Locus: Y |
| rasúl | murád | d-j-ába-ḳ-əj-ṭ |
| pn | pn | 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . m . io - soc -fight- prs - dcl |
| ‘Rasul is fighting with Murad.’ | ||
Aghul uqː.a-
| Valency pattern: ABS_COM |
| X: ABS |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan | meʜemed.i-qaj | uqː.a-a |
| pn | pn - com | fight. ipf - prs |
| ‘Aslan is fighting with Muhammad.’ | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +ṗaləš
| Valency pattern: SBJ_men |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: men |
| Locus: Y |
| +Ašur | +ṗlaš=əl | mən | švav-u |
| pn | fight. prog =3 m | from | neighbour( m )- p .3 m |
| ‘Ashur is fighting with his neighbor.’ | |||
| Note: Some speakers use preposition am. | |||
Brazilian Portuguese brigar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_com |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: com |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | está | brig-ando | com | Miguel |
| pn ( m ) | cop _ prog .3 sg . prs | fight- prog | with | pn ( m ) |
| ‘Pedro is fighting with Miguel.’ | ||||
Catalan barallar-se
| Valency pattern: SBJ_amb |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: amb |
| Locus: Y |
| en | Pere | s'està | barall-ant | amb | en | Marc |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | refl .3 sg -be.3 sg . prs . ind | fight- ger | with | def . sg . m | pn ( m ) |
| ‘Pere is fighting with Marc.’ | ||||||
Czech prát se
| Valency pattern: NOM_sINS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: sINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr | se | pere | s | Michal-em |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | refl . acc | fight( ipfv ). prs .3 sg | with | pn ( m )- ins . sg |
| ‘Petr is fighting with Michal.’ | ||||
Danish slås
| Valency pattern: SBJ_med |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: med |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter | er | oppe | at | slås | med | Marie |
| pn | be. prs | up | to | fight. inf | with | pn |
| ‘Peter is up to fight with Marie.’ | ||||||
Dutch vechten
| Valency pattern: SBJ_met |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: met |
| Locus: Y |
| Piet | vecht | met | Marie |
| pn (С) | fight.3 sg | with | pn (С) |
| ‘Piet is fighting with Marie.’ | |||
Estonian tülitsema
| Valency pattern: NOM_COM |
| X: NOM |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter | tülitse-b | Mareti-ga |
| pn . sg . nom | fight- prs .3 sg | pn - com |
| ‘Peeter is fighting with Maret.’ | ||
Finnish tapella
| Valency pattern: NOM_GENkanssa |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GENkanssa |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka | tappel-ee | Mati-n | kanssa |
| pn . nom | fight- prs .3 sg | pn - gen | with |
| ‘Pekka is fighting with Matti’ | |||
Forest Enets tarur
| Valency pattern: NOM_LOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| kasa-jʔ | vasʲa-xane-da | taruŋa |
| man- nom . sg .1 sg | pn - loc . sg - obl . sg .3 sg | fight( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend is fighting with Vasja’. | ||
German kämpfen
| Valency pattern: NOM_mitDAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: mitDAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Karl | kämpf-t | mit | Marie |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | fight- prs .3 sg | with | pn [ dat .3 sg ] |
| ‘Karl is fighting with Marie.’ | |||
Italian azzufarsi
| Valency pattern: SBJ_con |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: con |
| Locus: Y |
| Leo | si | azzuff-a | con | Maria |
| pn ( m ) | refl | fight-3 sg . prs | with | pn ( f ) |
| ‘Leo is fighting with Maria.’ | ||||
Kazakh töbeles
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya | Mixail-men | töbele-s-іp | žatïr |
| pn | pn - ins | fight- rec - cvb | lie.3 sg |
| ‘Petya is fighting with Michael.’ | |||
Kazym Khanty kŭlaśti
| Valency pattern: NOM_NOMpila |
| X: NOM |
| Y: NOMpila |
| Locus: Y |
| pet’a-j-en | waśa-j-en | piλ-a | kŭlaś-ǝλ |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | pn - ep - poss .2 sg | with- dat | fight- npst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja is fighting with Vasja.’ | |||
Latin luctor
| Valency pattern: NOM_cumABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: cumABL |
| Locus: Y |
| cum | mortu-is | non | nisi | larv-as | lucta-ri |
| with | dead- abl . pl | not | if_not | evil_ghost( f )- acc . pl | fight[ prs ]- inf . mid |
| ‘Nobody fights the dead but ghosts.’ | |||||
| Note: (Plin. NH Pr, 31, 5) | |||||
Modern Hebrew rav
| Valency pattern: SBJ_im |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: im |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas | rav | im | Menaχem |
| pn | fight[ ptcp . sg . m ] | with | pn |
| ‘Pinchas is fighting with Menachem.’ | |||
Nanai sorimači-
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia | Vasia-ǯi | sore-mači-či |
| pn | pn - ins | fight- recp . npst - p .3 pl |
| ‘Petia is fighting with Vasia.’ | ||
Nivkh vad
| Valency pattern: SBJ_COM |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| Kaskazik | Irgun-ɣin | va-d |
| pn | pn - com . sg | fight- ind |
| ‘Kaskazik is fighting with Irgun.’ | ||
Norwegian Bokmål å slåss
| Valency pattern: SBJ_med |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: med |
| Locus: Y |
| Per | slåss | med | Ola |
| pn | fight. prs | with | pn |
| ‘Per is fighting with Ola.’ | |||
Polish bić się
| Valency pattern: NOM_zINS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: zINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Marek | bije | się | z | Tomasz-em |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | fight: ipfv . prs .3 sg | refl | with | pn ( m )- ins . sg |
| ‘Maciek is fighting with Tomasz.’ | ||||
Russian dratʹsja
| Valency pattern: NOM_sINS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: sINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja | der-et-sja | s | Miš-ej |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | fight( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl | with | pn ( m )- ins . sg |
| ‘Petja is fighting with Miša.’ | |||
Rutul kičilqara
| Valency pattern: NOM_COM |
| X: NOM |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul | ramazan-ɨ-kan | kičilqa-r=a |
| pn ( nom ) | pn - obl - com | <1>fight. ipfv - cvb =be |
| ‘Rasul is fighting with Ramazan.’ | ||
Serbian tuči se
| Valency pattern: NOM_sINS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: sINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar | se | tuče | sa | Mark-om |
| pn . nom . sg | refl | бить. prs .3 sg | с | Марк- ins . sg |
| ‘Петар дерется с Марком.’ | ||||
Shughni δêd čīdow
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Naǰiba | Safina=qati | δêd | kix̌-t |
| pn | pn = ins | quarrel | do-3 sg |
| ‘Najiba is fighting with Safina.’ | |||
Skolt Saami tuärrad
| Valency pattern: NOM_COM |
| X: NOM |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt | lij | tuärr-men | Määrja-in |
| pn . sg . nom | be. prs .3 sg | fight- prog . ptcp | pn - sg . com |
| ‘Pete is fighting with Maria’ | |||
Slovenian tepsti se
| Valency pattern: NOM_zINS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: zINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter | se | tepe | s | Pavl-om |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | rfl | beat: ipfv . prs .3 sg | with | pn - ins . sg |
| ‘Peter is fighting with Pavel.’ | ||||
Spanish pegarse
| Valency pattern: NA |
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Pedro | y | Maria | se | están | pega-ndo |
| pn [ sg . m ] | and | pn [ sg . f ] | refl .3 pl | be_ prog . prs .3 pl | stick- ger : prog |
| ‘Pedro is fighting with Maria.’ | |||||
| Note: Not included in the database because X and Y are expressed as a coordinate NP. | |||||
Swedish att slåss
| Valency pattern: SBJ_med |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: med |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn | slåss | med | Maja |
| pn | fight. prs | with | pn |
| ‘Björn is fighting with Maja.’ | |||
Turkish dövüşmek
| Valency pattern: NOM_COM |
| X: NOM |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet | çocuk-la | dövüş-üyor |
| pn | boy- com | fight- prs |
| ‘Mehmet is fighting with a boy.’ | ||
Ulcha sormači-
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| xusə | piktə | əktə | piktə-ǯi | sor-mač-i-ni |
| male | child | female | child- ins | fight- rec - prs -3 sg |
| ‘The boy is fighting with the girl.’ | ||||
Zilo Andi <w>-aχː.o-j
| Valency pattern: NOM_COM |
| X: NOM |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| ali | aħmadi=lojɡu | w-aχː.o-j |
| pn [ m ][ nom ] | pn = com | m -fight. pst - pf |
| ‘Ali and Ahmad are fighting.’ | ||