BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘fight’

Argument frame: X (fight) with Y
Stimulus sentence: (‘Look out of the window!’ ‘What’s happening?’) ‘ P. is fighting with M.
Predicate label Ru: драться
Argument frame Ru: X (драться) с Y -ом
Stimulus sentence Ru: (— Посмотри во двор. — А что там?). П. дерется с М .

Abaza [aba-]ḳə

Valency pattern: ABS_SOC
X: ABS
Y: SOC
Locus: Y
rasúl murád d-j-ába-ḳ-əj-ṭ
pn pn 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . m . io - soc -fight- prs - dcl
‘Rasul is fighting with Murad.’

Aghul uqː.a-

Valency pattern: ABS_COM
X: ABS
Y: COM
Locus: Y
aslan meʜemed.i-qaj uqː.a-a
pn pn - com fight. ipf - prs
‘Aslan is fighting with Muhammad.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +ṗaləš

Valency pattern: SBJ_men
X: SBJ
Y: men
Locus: Y
+Ašur +ṗlaš=əl mən švav-u
pn fight. prog =3 m from neighbour( m )- p .3 m
‘Ashur is fighting with his neighbor.’
Note: Some speakers use preposition am.

Brazilian Portuguese brigar

Valency pattern: SBJ_com
X: SBJ
Y: com
Locus: Y
Pedro está brig-ando com Miguel
pn ( m ) cop _ prog .3 sg . prs fight- prog with pn ( m )
‘Pedro is fighting with Miguel.’

Catalan barallar-se

Valency pattern: SBJ_amb
X: SBJ
Y: amb
Locus: Y
en Pere s'està barall-ant amb en Marc
def . sg . m pn ( m ) refl .3 sg -be.3 sg . prs . ind fight- ger with def . sg . m pn ( m )
‘Pere is fighting with Marc.’

Czech prát se

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Petr se pere s Michal-em
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc fight( ipfv ). prs .3 sg with pn ( m )- ins . sg
‘Petr is fighting with Michal.’

Danish slås

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Peter er oppe at slås med Marie
pn be. prs up to fight. inf with pn
‘Peter is up to fight with Marie.’

Dutch vechten

Valency pattern: SBJ_met
X: SBJ
Y: met
Locus: Y
Piet vecht met Marie
pn (С) fight.3 sg with pn (С)
‘Piet is fighting with Marie.’

Estonian tülitsema

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Peeter tülitse-b Mareti-ga
pn . sg . nom fight- prs .3 sg pn - com
‘Peeter is fighting with Maret.’

Finnish tapella

Valency pattern: NOM_GENkanssa
X: NOM
Y: GENkanssa
Locus: Y
Pekka tappel-ee Mati-n kanssa
pn . nom fight- prs .3 sg pn - gen with
‘Pekka is fighting with Matti’

Forest Enets tarur

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
kasa-jʔ vasʲa-xane-da taruŋa
man- nom . sg .1 sg pn - loc . sg - obl . sg .3 sg fight( pfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend is fighting with Vasja’.

German kämpfen

Valency pattern: NOM_mitDAT
X: NOM
Y: mitDAT
Locus: Y
Karl kämpf-t mit Marie
pn [ nom . sg ] fight- prs .3 sg with pn [ dat .3 sg ]
‘Karl is fighting with Marie.’

Italian azzufarsi

Valency pattern: SBJ_con
X: SBJ
Y: con
Locus: Y
Leo si azzuff-a con Maria
pn ( m ) refl fight-3 sg . prs with pn ( f )
‘Leo is fighting with Maria.’

Kazakh töbeles

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petya Mixail-men töbele-s-іp žatïr
pn pn - ins fight- rec - cvb lie.3 sg
‘Petya is fighting with Michael.’

Kazym Khanty kŭlaśti

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMpila
X: NOM
Y: NOMpila
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en waśa-j-en piλ-a kŭlaś-ǝλ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg pn - ep - poss .2 sg with- dat fight- npst [3 sg ]
‘Petja is fighting with Vasja.’

Latin luctor

Valency pattern: NOM_cumABL
X: NOM
Y: cumABL
Locus: Y
cum mortu-is non nisi larv-as lucta-ri
with dead- abl . pl not if_not evil_ghost( f )- acc . pl fight[ prs ]- inf . mid
‘Nobody fights the dead but ghosts.’
Note: (Plin. NH Pr, 31, 5)

Modern Hebrew rav

Valency pattern: SBJ_im
X: SBJ
Y: im
Locus: Y
Pinχas rav im Menaχem
pn fight[ ptcp . sg . m ] with pn
‘Pinchas is fighting with Menachem.’

Nanai sorimači-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petia Vasia-ǯi sore-mači-či
pn pn - ins fight- recp . npst - p .3 pl
‘Petia is fighting with Vasia.’

Nivkh vad

Valency pattern: SBJ_COM
X: SBJ
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Kaskazik Irgun-ɣin va-d
pn pn - com . sg fight- ind
‘Kaskazik is fighting with Irgun.’

Norwegian Bokmål å slåss

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per slåss med Ola
pn fight. prs with pn
‘Per is fighting with Ola.’

Polish bić się

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Marek bije się z Tomasz-em
pn [ nom . sg ] fight: ipfv . prs .3 sg refl with pn ( m )- ins . sg
‘Maciek is fighting with Tomasz.’

Russian dratʹsja

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Pet-ja der-et-sja s Miš-ej
pn ( m )- nom . sg fight( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl with pn ( m )- ins . sg
‘Petja is fighting with Miša.’

Rutul kičilqara

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
rasul ramazan-ɨ-kan kičilqa-r=a
pn ( nom ) pn - obl - com <1>fight. ipfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul is fighting with Ramazan.’

Serbian tuči se

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Petar se tuče sa Mark-om
pn . nom . sg refl бить. prs .3 sg с Марк- ins . sg
‘Петар дерется с Марком.’

Shughni δêd čīdow

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Naǰiba Safina=qati δêd kix̌-t
pn pn = ins quarrel do-3 sg
‘Najiba is fighting with Safina.’

Skolt Saami tuärrad

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Peâtt lij tuärr-men Määrja-in
pn . sg . nom be. prs .3 sg fight- prog . ptcp pn - sg . com
‘Pete is fighting with Maria’

Slovenian tepsti se

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Peter se tepe s Pavl-om
pn [ nom . sg ] rfl beat: ipfv . prs .3 sg with pn - ins . sg
‘Peter is fighting with Pavel.’

Spanish pegarse

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Pedro y Maria se están pega-ndo
pn [ sg . m ] and pn [ sg . f ] refl .3 pl be_ prog . prs .3 pl stick- ger : prog
‘Pedro is fighting with Maria.’
Note: Not included in the database because X and Y are expressed as a coordinate NP.

Swedish att slåss

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Björn slåss med Maja
pn fight. prs with pn
‘Björn is fighting with Maja.’

Turkish dövüşmek

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Mehmet çocuk-la dövüş-üyor
pn boy- com fight- prs
‘Mehmet is fighting with a boy.’

Ulcha sormači-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
xusə piktə əktə piktə-ǯi sor-mač-i-ni
male child female child- ins fight- rec - prs -3 sg
‘The boy is fighting with the girl.’

Zilo Andi <w>-aχː.o-j

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
ali aħmadi=lojɡu w-aχː.o-j
pn [ m ][ nom ] pn = com m -fight. pst - pf
‘Ali and Ahmad are fighting.’