‘fall in love’
| Argument frame: |
X
(fall in love) with
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
P.
fell in love with
M
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
влюбляться
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(влюбляться) в
Y
-a
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
влюбился в
М
.
|
Abaza
aj.hʷapsa
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_IO
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: IO |
| Locus: Y |
| rasúl |
fatíma |
d-l-áj.hʷapsa-ṭ |
|
pn
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-3
sg
.
f
.
io
-fall_in_love(
aor
)-
dcl
|
| ‘Rasul fell in love with Fatima.’ |
Adyghe
ṣ̂ʷə λeʁʷə
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| č̣ʼale-m |
pŝaŝe-r |
ṣ̂ʷə |
ə-λeʁʷə-ʁ |
|
парень-
obl
|
девушка-
abs
|
добро
|
3
sg
.
erg
-видеть-
pst
|
| ‘Парень влюбился в девушку.’ |
Aghul
kːan-x.u-
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| aslan.a-s |
fat’ima |
kːan-x.u-ne |
|
pn
-
dat
|
pn
|
love-become.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Aslan fell in love with Fatima.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
xoš atə
|
Valency pattern:
BARE_men
|
| X: BARE |
| Y: men |
| Locus: XY |
| +Ašur |
xoš-u |
bitay=əla |
mən |
švot-u |
|
pn
|
happiness(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
come.
prog
=3
f
|
from
|
neighbour(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
| ‘Ashur fell in love with his neighbor.’ |
Bambara
jàrabi
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_la
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: la |
| Locus: Y |
| Sékù |
jàrabi-ra |
Fántà |
lá |
|
pn
|
love-
pfv
.
intf
|
pn
|
in
|
| ‘Seku has fallen in love with Fanta.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
apaixonar-se
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_por
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: por |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
se |
apaixon-ou |
por |
Maria |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
|
fall_in_love-3
sg
.
pst
|
by
|
pn
(
f
)
|
| ‘Pedro fell in love with Maria.’ |
Catalan
enamorar-se
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| en |
Pere |
es |
va |
enamor-ar |
de |
la |
Maria |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
.3
sg
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
fall_in_love-
inf
|
of
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
pn
(
f
)
|
| ‘Pere fell in love with Maria.’ |
Czech
zamilovat se
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_doGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: doGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr |
se |
zamilova-l |
do |
Michal-a |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
fall_in_love(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
in
|
pn
(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr fell in love with Michal.’ |
Danish
blive forelsket
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_i
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: i |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
blev |
forelske-t |
i |
Marie |
|
pn
|
become.
pst
|
be_in_love-
ptcp
.
pst
.
sg
|
in
|
pn
|
| ‘Peter fall in love with Marie.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Dutch
verliefd zijn
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_op
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: op |
| Locus: Y |
| Piet |
is |
verlief-d |
op |
Marie |
|
pn
(
c
)
|
cop
.3
sg
|
fall.in.love-
ptcp
|
on
|
pn
(
c
)
|
| ‘Piet fell in love with Marie.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Eastern Maninka
yàrabi
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_la
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: la |
| Locus: Y |
| Sékù |
bára |
yàrabi |
Fántà |
lá. |
|
pn
|
prf
|
love
|
pn
|
at
|
| ‘Seku has fallen in love with Fanta.’ |
English
fall in love
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_with
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: with |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
fell |
in |
love |
with |
Mary. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Estonian
armuma
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILL |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
armu-s |
Mareti-sse |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
fall_in_love-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
-
ill
|
| ‘Peeter fell in love with Maret.’ |
Finnish
rakastua
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILL |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
rakastu-i |
Matti-in |
|
pn
.
nom
|
fall.in.love-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
-
ill
|
| ‘Pekka fell in love with Matti.’ |
Forest Enets
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
French
tomber amoureux
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| Paul |
est |
tombé |
amoureux |
de |
Marie |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
fall.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
enamoured.
sg
.
m
|
of
|
pn
(
f
)
|
| ‘Paul fell in love with Marie.’ |
Georgian
še-Ø-u-q'var-d-eb-a (FUT)
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| p'et're-s |
mašo-Ø |
še-Ø-u-q'var-d-a |
|
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
nom
|
prv
:inward-
io
3-
ver
:
o
-love-
inch
-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Petre fell in love with Masho.’ |
German
sich verlieben
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_inACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: inACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Karl |
verlieb-te |
sich |
in |
Marie |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
fall_in_love-
pst
.3
sg
|
refl
|
in
|
pn
[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Karl fell in love with Marie.’ |
Irish
tit i ngrá
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_le
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: le |
| Locus: Y |
| Do=thit |
Pól |
i |
ngrá |
le |
Máire. |
|
pst
=fall
|
pn
|
in
|
love
|
with
|
pn
|
| ‘Pól fell in love with Máire.’ |
Italian
innamorarsi
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_di
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: di |
| Locus: Y |
| Leo |
si |
è |
innamorat-o |
di |
Maria |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
fall_in_love.
pst
.
ptcp
-
sg
.
m
|
of
|
pn
(
f
)
|
| ‘Leo fell in love with Maria.’ |
Kalderash Romani
vľubilpe
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ande
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ande |
| Locus: Y |
| o |
Murš-a |
vľubi-sajl-o |
ande |
Marijk-a |
|
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
fall_in_love-
pst
-3
sg
.
m
|
because_of
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
| ‘Murša fell in love with Marijka.’ |
Kazakh
ɣašïq bol
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
Maša-ɣa |
ɣašïq |
bol-dï |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
enamoured
|
be-
pst
1.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya fell in love with Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Khwarshi
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| šamile-l |
goq-qa |
is-a |
maduʁal |
|
pn
-
dat
|
влюбиться-
pst
.
w
|
dem
.
an
.
o
.
i
-
gen
1
|
сосед
|
| ‘Шамиль влюбился в свою соседку.’ |
Kina Rutul
jik’ik kirxura
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| rasul-u-s |
jik’i-k |
k-irxu-r=a |
asijet |
|
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
heart.
obl
-
inter
|
pv
-get.in.
pfv
-
cvb
=be
|
pn
(
nom
)
|
| ‘Rasul fell in love with Asijat.’ |
Latin
adamo
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Masiniss-a |
Sophonib-am, |
uxor-em |
Syphac-is, |
fili-am |
Hasdrubal-is, |
capt-am |
statim |
adama-v-it |
et |
nupti-is |
fact-is |
uxor-em |
habu-it |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
pn
(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
wife(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
pn
(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
daughter(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
pn
(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
capture.
prf
.
ptcp
.
pass
-
acc
.
sg
.
f
|
instantly
|
fall_in_love-
prf
-
ind
.
act
.3
sg
|
and
|
wedding(
f
)-
abl
.
pl
|
make.
prf
.
ptcp
.
pass
-
abl
.
pl
.
f
|
wife(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
have[
prf
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
| ‘Masinissa fell instantly in love with the captured Sophonis, the wife of Syphacus, daughter of Hasdrubal, and, having thrown a wedding, married her.’ |
| Note: (Liv. Periochae. XXX, 7) |
Mandarin Chinese
ài-shàng
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Zhāngsān |
ài-shàng |
le |
Lǐsì |
|
pn
|
love-up
|
pfv
|
pn
|
| ‘Zhangsan fell in love with Lisi.’ |
Mingrelian
Ø-e-ʔor-op-eb-un-Ø (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
DAT_ERG
|
| X: DAT |
| Y: ERG |
| Locus: X |
| čelo-s |
anučia-k |
k-Ø-e-ʔor-op-u. |
|
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
erg
|
aff
-
io
3-
ver
:
r
-love-
r
.
ext
-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Chelo fell in love with Anuchia.’ |
Modern Hebrew
hitahev
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_be
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: be |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas |
hitahev |
be |
Menaχem |
|
pn
|
fall.in.love[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
in
|
pn
|
| ‘Pinchas fell in love with Menachem.’ |
Nanai
uləsilu-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia |
Maša-wa |
uləsi-lu-xə-ni |
|
pn
|
pn
-
obl
|
love.
ipfv
-
inch
1-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia fell in love with Masha.’ |
Nivkh
maʁod
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik |
Ajsana |
+ |
maʁo-d |
|
pn
|
pn
|
+
|
love-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskazik fell in love with Ajsana.’ |
Northern Mansi
ēruptite
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| jēn’a |
anum |
ērupt-i-t-e |
|
pn
|
1
sg
.
obl
|
love-
npst
-
sg
.
o
-3
sg
.
s
|
| ‘Zhenja loves me.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Northern Yukaghir
jǝwligi=
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Sǝmiǝn |
Əkulˈǝ |
jǝwligiǝ-n-а̄-mǝ-lǝ |
|
pn
|
pn
|
love-
ipf
-
inch
-
tr
-
of
.3
sg
|
| ‘Semien fell in love with Akulina.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å bli forelsket
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_i
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: i |
| Locus: Y |
| Per |
ble |
forelsket |
i |
Kari |
|
pn
|
become.
pst
|
enamoured
|
in
|
pn
|
| ‘Per fell in love with Kari.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Polish
zakochać się
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_wLOC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: wLOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Michał |
zakocha-ł |
się |
w |
Janc-e |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
fall_in_love:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
refl
|
in
|
pn
-
loc
.
sg
|
| ‘Michał fell in love with Janka.’ |
Russian
vljubitʹsja
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_vACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: vACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
vljubi-l-sja |
v |
Maš-u |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
fall_in_love(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]-
refl
|
in
|
pn
(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja fell in love with Maša.’ |
Serbian
zaljubiti se
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_uACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: uACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar |
se |
zaljubi-o |
u |
Marij-u |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
refl
|
fall.in.love-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
in
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar fell in love with Maria.’ |
Shughni
ošiq sitow
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUP
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUP |
| Locus: Y |
| Ahmed |
Saida-ti |
ošiq |
suδǰ |
|
pn
|
pn
-
sup
|
loving
|
go.
m
.
pf
|
| ‘Ahmed fell in love with Saida.’ |
Skolt Saami
räʹǩstõõvvâd
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt |
räʹǩstõõv-i |
Määrja-in |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
fall.in.love-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
-
sg
.
com
|
| ‘Pete fell in love with Maria’ |
Slovak
zamilovať sa
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_doGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: doGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
sa |
zamilova-l |
do |
Mári-e |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
fall_in_love(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
in
|
pn
(
f
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter fell in love with Maria.’ |
Slovenian
zaljubiti se
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_vACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: vACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
se |
je |
zaljubi-l |
v |
An-o |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
rfl
|
aux
.3
sg
|
fall_in_love:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
in
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter fell in love with Ana.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
äʂiq bûn
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Hîwa |
äʂiq-î |
Perî-î |
bû-Ø |
|
pn
|
lover-
izf
|
pn
-
obl
|
be.
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘Hiwa fell in love with Pari.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Spanish
enamorarse
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
se |
enamor-ó |
de |
María |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
refl
.3
sg
|
fall_in_love-
aor
.3
sg
|
from
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
| ‘Pedro fell in love with Maria.’ |
Swedish
att förälska sig
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_i
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: i |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn |
förälska-de |
sig |
i |
Maja |
|
pn
|
fall_in_love-
pst
|
refl
|
in
|
pn
|
| ‘Björn fell in love with Maja.’ |
Tagalog
|
Valency pattern:
UND_LOC
|
| X: UND |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Na-pa-ibig |
si |
Pedro |
kay |
Maria |
|
potpv
.
pfv
-
caus
-fall_in_love
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
pers
.
dat
|
pn
|
| ‘Pedro fell in love with Maria.’ |
| Note: Can you change the voice and turn Pedro into the subject here? Alternative is “Na-hulog si Pedro kay Maria” [POTPV-PFV.fall PERS.SUBJ PN PERS.DAT PN] ‘Pedro fell in love with Maria.’, with the same UND_LOC pattern. |
Telugu
prēmalō paḍu
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| pravīṇ |
madhuri-tō |
prēma-lō |
paḍḍāḍu |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
pn
(
f
).
sg
.
obl
-
com
|
love(
n
).
sg
.
obl
-
loc
|
fall.
pst
.3
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Praveen fell in love with Madhuri.’ |
Turkish
âşık olmak
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet |
Filiz-e |
âşık |
ol-du |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
enamoured
|
be-
pst
|
| ‘Mehmet fell in love with Filiz.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Ulcha
uləsulu-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| əj |
xusə |
piktə |
əj |
əktə |
piktə-wə |
uləsu-lu-xə-ni |
|
this
|
male
|
child
|
this
|
female
|
child-
acc
|
love-
inch
-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘This boy fell in love with the girl.’ |
Uzbek
sevib qolmoq
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya |
Maša-ni |
sev-ib |
qol-di |
|
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
love-
cvb
|
leave-
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja fell in love with Maša.’ |
West Central Oromo
k'aba
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_ABSirraa
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: ABSirraa |
| Locus: XY |
| gurb-ittʃa |
boontuu |
irraa |
dʒaalalli |
isa |
k'ab-e |
|
boy-
def
.
abs
|
pn
.
abs
|
on-
abl
|
love-
nom
|
3
sg
.
m
.
abs
|
catch-3
sg
.
m
.
pfv
|
| ‘The boy fell in love with Bontu.’ |
Zilo Andi
ruqχ’i <b>-ukː.u-j
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUPER.LAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUPER.LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| ali |
rutɬ’i |
b-ukː.u-j |
marjam-ʔo |
|
pn
[
m
][
nom
]
|
love[
inan
1][
nom
]
|
inan
1-fall.
pst
-
pf
|
pn
-
super
.
lat
|
| ‘Ali fell in love with Mariam.’ |
