‘fall behind’
| Argument frame: | X (fall behind) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | (P. and M. started out to school together, but) P. fell behind M . |
| Predicate label Ru: | отстать |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (отставать) от Y -а |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | (П. и М. вместе пошли в школу, но) П. отстал от М . |
| Valency pattern: ABS_LOCxe |
| X: ABS |
| Y: LOCxe |
| Locus: Y |
| rasúl | zaréma | d-ʕá-l-χ’-ŝa-d |
| pn | pn | 3 sg . h . abs - cisl -3 sg . f . io - loc -fall( aor )- dcl |
| ‘Rasul fell behind Zarema.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: ABS_POST.ELAT |
| X: ABS |
| Y: POST.ELAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan | qatːarx.u-ne | meʜemed.i-q-as |
| pn | { post . elat }get. pf - aor | pn - post - elat |
| ‘Aslan fell behind Muhammad.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_men |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: men |
| Locus: Y |
| urza | pəš-lə | +baray | mən | baxta |
| man( m ) | remain. pst - ls .3 m | behind | from | woman( f ) |
| ‘The man fell behind the woman.’ | ||||
| Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| vasʲa | kasa-xazo-da | kaji-bi |
| pn | man- abl . sg - obl . sg .3 sg | stay_behind( pfv )- prf .3 sg . s |
| ‘Vasja fell behind his friend’. | ||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_axarej |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: axarej |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas | piger | aχarej | Menaχem |
| pn | lag[ pst .3 sg . m ] | after | pn |
| ‘Pinchas fell behind Menachem.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia | Maša-ǯia | xami-la-ni | dərəǯi-xə-ni |
| pn | pn - abl | зад- loc - p .3 sg | оставаться- pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Петя отстал от Маши.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | lå | etter | Ola |
| pn | lie. pst | after | pn |
| ‘Per fell behind Ola.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_otGEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: otGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja | otsta-l | ot | Maš-i |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | fall_behind( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | from | pn ( f )- gen . sg |
| ‘Petja fell behind Maša.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUP.EL |
| Locus: Y |
| ramazan | quɁ | q-argɨ-r | rasul-u-la |
| pn ( nom ) | back. lat | re - lv . pfv - cvb | pn - obl ( sup )- el |
| ‘Rasul fell behind Ramazan.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_GENtuakka |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GENtuakka |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt | kuâđđj-i | Määʹrj | tuâkka |
| pn . sg . nom | remain- pst .3 sg | pn . sg . gen | behind |
| ‘Pete fell behind Maria’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_zaINS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: zaINS |
| Locus: Y |
| An-a | je | zaosta-l-a | za | Pavl-om |
| pn - nom . sg | aux .3 sg | remain: pfv - lpt - f . sg | behind | pn - ins . sg |
| ‘Ana fell behind Pavel.’ | ||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | hamna-de | efter | Maja |
| pn | end_up- pst | after | pn |
| ‘Björn fell behind Maja.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet | Orhan-dan | geri | kal-dı |
| pn | pn - abl | behind | remain- pst |
| ‘Mehmet fell behind Orhan.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NA |
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| tam=də | əktə | piktə | dərə-ǯu-xə-ni |
| then= emph | female | child | remain- rep - pst -3 sg |
| ‘But then the girl fell behind.’ | |||
| Note: Not included in the database because Y cannot be overtly expressed. | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_CONT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: CONT |
| Locus: Y |
| pat’imati | marjam-tʃ’u | j-eχːudu | j-ekː.u-j |
| pn [ f ][ nom ] | pn - cont | f -after | f -stay. pst - pf |
| ‘Patimat fell behind Mariam.’ | |||