‘fall behind’
| Argument frame: |
X
(fall behind)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
(P. and M. started out to school together, but)
P.
fell behind
M
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
отстать
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(отставать) от
Y
-а
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(П. и М. вместе пошли в школу, но)
П.
отстал от
М
.
|
Abaza
ʕa-[χ’ə-]ŝa
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_LOCxe
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: LOCxe |
| Locus: Y |
| rasúl |
zaréma |
d-ʕá-l-χ’-ŝa-d |
|
pn
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-
cisl
-3
sg
.
f
.
io
-
loc
-fall(
aor
)-
dcl
|
| ‘Rasul fell behind Zarema.’ |
Aghul
qatːarx.u-
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_POST.ELAT
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: POST.ELAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan |
qatːarx.u-ne |
meʜemed.i-q-as |
|
pn
|
{
post
.
elat
}get.
pf
-
aor
|
pn
-
post
-
elat
|
| ‘Aslan fell behind Muhammad.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
payəš +baray
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_men
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: men |
| Locus: Y |
| urza |
pəš-lə |
+baray |
mən |
baxta |
|
man(
m
)
|
remain.
pst
-
ls
.3
m
|
behind
|
from
|
woman(
f
)
|
| ‘The man fell behind the woman.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
ficou |
para |
trás |
de |
Miguel |
|
| ‘Педру отстал от Мигела.’ |
Czech
zpozdit se
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_zaINS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: zaINS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr |
se |
zpozdí-l |
za |
Michal-em |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
fall_behind(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
behind
|
pn
(
m
)-
ins
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr fell behind Michal.’ |
Finnish
jäädä jälkeen
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ELA |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
jä-i |
jälkeen |
Mati-sta |
|
pn
.
nom
|
stay-
pst
.3
sg
|
behind
|
pn
-
ela
|
| ‘Pekka fell behind Matti.’ |
Forest Enets
kaji
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| vasʲa |
kasa-xazo-da |
kaji-bi |
|
pn
|
man-
abl
.
sg
-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
stay_behind(
pfv
)-
prf
.3
sg
.
s
|
| ‘Vasja fell behind his friend’. |
Latin
decedo
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| si |
quis |
agmin-e |
decess-isse-t, |
pro |
desertor-e |
fore |
clamita-ns |
|
if
|
who.
nom
.
sg
|
rank(
n
)-
abl
.
sg
|
fall_behind-
plup
.
sbjv
-
act
.3
sg
|
for
|
deserter(
m
)-
abl
.
sg
|
be.
fut
.
inf
.
act
|
call-
prs
.
ptcp
.
act
.
nom
.
sg
|
| ‘... yelling that whoever departs from the rank will be held for a deserter.’ |
| Note: (Tac. Ann. I, 38) |
Modern Hebrew
piger
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_axarej
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: axarej |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas |
piger |
aχarej |
Menaχem |
|
pn
|
lag[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
after
|
pn
|
| ‘Pinchas fell behind Menachem.’ |
Nanai
xamila dərəǯi-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia |
Maša-ǯea |
xame-la-ni |
dərəǯi-xə-ni |
|
pn
|
pn
-
abl
|
back-
loc
-
p
.3
sg
|
remain-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia fell behind Masha.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å ligge etter
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
lå |
etter |
Ola |
|
pn
|
lie.
pst
|
after
|
pn
|
| ‘Per fell behind Ola.’ |
Polish
zostać
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Ann-a |
zosta-ł-a |
w |
tyl-e |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
remain:
pfv
-
pst
-
f
.3
sg
|
in
|
back-
loc
.
sg
|
| ‘Anna fell behind.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is not overtly expressed. |
Russian
otstatʹ
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_otGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: otGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
otsta-l |
ot |
Maš-i |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
fall_behind(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
from
|
pn
(
f
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja fell behind Maša.’ |
Rutul
quɁ qargɨr
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUP.EL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUP.EL |
| Locus: Y |
| ramazan |
quɁ |
q-argɨ-r |
rasul-u-la |
|
pn
(
nom
)
|
back.
lat
|
re
-
lv
.
pfv
-
cvb
|
pn
-
obl
(
sup
)-
el
|
| ‘Rasul fell behind Ramazan.’ |
Skolt Saami
kuâđđjed
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GENtuakka
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GENtuakka |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt |
kuâđđj-i |
Määʹrj |
tuâkka |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
remain-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
gen
|
behind
|
| ‘Pete fell behind Maria’ |
Slovenian
zaostati
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_zaINS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: zaINS |
| Locus: Y |
| An-a |
je |
zaosta-l-a |
za |
Pavl-om |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
aux
.3
sg
|
remain:
pfv
-
lpt
-
f
.
sg
|
behind
|
pn
-
ins
.
sg
|
| ‘Ana fell behind Pavel.’ |
Swedish
att hamna efter
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
hamna-de |
efter |
Maja |
|
pn
|
end_up-
pst
|
after
|
pn
|
| ‘Björn fell behind Maja.’ |
Turkish
geri kalmak
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet |
Orhan-dan |
geri |
kal-dı |
|
pn
|
pn
-
abl
|
behind
|
remain-
pst
|
| ‘Mehmet fell behind Orhan.’ |
Ulcha
dərəǯu-
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| tam=də |
əktə |
piktə |
dərə-ǯu-xə-ni |
|
then=
emph
|
female
|
child
|
remain-
rep
-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘But then the girl fell behind.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y cannot be overtly expressed. |
Zilo Andi
<j>-eχːudu <j>-ekː.u-j
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_CONT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: CONT |
| Locus: Y |
| pat’imati |
marjam-tʃ’u |
j-eχːudu |
j-ekː.u-j |
|
pn
[
f
][
nom
]
|
pn
-
cont
|
f
-after
|
f
-stay.
pst
-
pf
|
| ‘Patimat fell behind Mariam.’ |
