‘envy’
Argument frame: |
X
(envy)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
(M. has a car, and P. doesn't).
P.
envies
M
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
завидовать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(завидовать)
Y
-у
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(У М. есть машина, а у П. — нет)
П.
завидует
М
.
|
Abaza
[c-]n-χč’alə
Valency pattern:
ABS_COM
|
X: ABS |
Y: COM |
Locus: Y |
wə-s-c-nə́-m-χč’alə-n |
2
sg
.
m
.
abs
-1
sg
.
io
-
com
-
loc
-
neg
-envy-
neg
.
imp
|
‘Don’t envy me!’ |
Aghul
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
baxxəl
Valency pattern:
SBJ_bi
|
X: SBJ |
Y: bi |
Locus: Y |
+Ašur |
baxxul=əl |
bi |
švav-u |
pn
|
envy.
prog
=3
m
|
with
|
neighbour(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
‘Ashur envies his neighbor.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
invejar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
invej-a |
Miguel |
pn
(
m
)
|
envy-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
m
)
|
‘Pedro envies Miguel.’ |
Catalan
envejar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
envej-a |
en |
Marc |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
envy-3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
‘Pere envies Marc.’ |
Czech
závidět
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petr |
závidí |
Michal-ovi |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
envy(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Petr envies Michal.’ |
Danish
være misundelig
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
er |
misundelig |
på |
Marie |
pn
|
be.
prs
|
jealous.
c
.
sg
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Peter envies Marie.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Dutch
jaloers zijn
Valency pattern:
SBJ_op
|
X: SBJ |
Y: op |
Locus: Y |
Piet |
is |
jaloers |
op |
Marie |
pn
(
c
)
|
cop
.3
sg
|
envious
|
on
|
pn
(
c
)
|
‘Piet envies Marie.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Estonian
kadestama
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
kadesta-b |
Mareti-t |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
envy-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
sg
.
part
|
‘Peeter envies Maret.’ |
Finnish
kadehtia
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
kadehti-i |
Matti-a |
pn
.
nom
|
envy-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
part
|
‘Pekka envies Matti.’ |
Forest Enets
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
German
beneiden
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
beneide-t |
Marie |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
envy-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl envies Marie.’ |
Italian
invidiare
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
invidi-a |
Maria |
pn
(
m
)
|
envy-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Leo envies Maria.’ |
Kazakh
qïzɣan
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
Maša-ɣa |
qïzɣan-adï |
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
envy-
prs
2.3
sg
|
‘Petya envies Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
wǔšmaśti
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
waśa-j-en |
pet’a-j-a |
wǔšmaś-λ |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
pn
-
ep
-
dat
|
envy-
npst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Vasja envies Petja.’ |
Latin
invideo
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
prob-us |
autem |
invide-t |
nemin-i |
honest-
nom
.
sg
.
m
|
but
|
envy[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
nobody-
dat
.
sg
|
‘An honest man does not envy anyone.’ |
Note: (Cic. Tim. 9, 4) |
Modern Hebrew
mekan-e
Valency pattern:
SBJ_be
|
X: SBJ |
Y: be |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas |
mekan-e |
be |
Menaχem |
pn
|
envy[
ptcp
]-
sg
.
m
|
in
|
pn
|
‘Pinchas envies Menachem.’ |
Nanai
ananasi-
Valency pattern:
NOM_DIR
|
X: NOM |
Y: DIR |
Locus: Y |
Petia |
Maša-či |
anana.si-ni |
pn
|
pn
-
dir
|
jealousy.
ipfv
.
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia envies Masha.’ |
Nivkh
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål
å være misunnelig
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
Per |
er |
misunnelig |
på |
Ola |
pn
|
be.
prs
|
envious
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Per envies Ola.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Polish
zazdrościć
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Michał |
zazdrości |
Janc-e |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
envy:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Michał envies Janka.’ |
Russian
zavidovatʹ
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja |
zavidu-et |
Maš-e |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
envy(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Petja envies Maša.’ |
Rutul
paxil jiɁi
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUP
|
X: NOM |
Y: SUP |
Locus: Y |
rasul |
paxil |
jiɁi |
asijed-ɨ |
pn
(
nom
)
|
envy
|
1.
cop
|
pn
-
obl
(
sup
)
|
‘Rasul envies Asijat.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Serbian
zavidi
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petar |
zavidi |
Marij-i |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
завидовать.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Петар завидует Марии.’ |
Shughni
qayti čīdow
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Naǰiba |
Safina=qati |
qayti |
kix̌-t |
pn
|
pn
=
ins
|
envy
|
do-3
sg
|
‘Najiba envies Safina.’ |
Skolt Saami
kađšted
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
kaađašt |
Määʹrj |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
envy.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete envies Maria’ |
Slovenian
zavidati
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
An-a |
zavida |
Petr-u |
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
envy:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Ana envies Peter.’ |
Spanish
envidiar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
envidi-a |
a |
María |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
envy-
prs
.3
sg
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro envies Maria.’ |
Swedish
att vara avundsjuk
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
Björn |
är |
avundsjuk |
på |
Maja |
pn
|
be.
prs
|
envious.
indf
.
n
.
sg
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Björn envies Maja.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Turkish
kıskanmak
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
Orhan-ı |
kıskan-ıyor |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
envy-
prs
|
‘Mehmet envies Orhan.’ |
Ulcha
ananasi-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
nan |
əj |
əktə-wə |
ananas-i-ni |
s/he
|
this
|
female-
acc
|
envy-
prs
-3
sg
|
‘S/he envies this woman.’ |
Zilo Andi
rok’o qχubi-ɬ.i-j
Valency pattern:
GEN_SUPER
|
X: GEN |
Y: SUPER.LAT |
Locus: XY |
muħammadi-r |
rok’o |
qχubi-ɬ.i-j |
ali-ʔa |
pn
-
inan
2(
gen
)
|
heart[
inan
2][
nom
]
|
untidy-
inch
.
pst
-
pf
|
pn
-
super
|
‘Muhammad envies Ali.’ |