‘envy’
| Argument frame: |
X
(envy)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
(M. has a car, and P. doesn't).
P.
envies
M
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
завидовать
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(завидовать)
Y
-у
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(У М. есть машина, а у П. — нет)
П.
завидует
М
.
|
Abaza
[c-]n-χč’alə
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_COM
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: COM |
| Locus: Y |
| wə-s-c-nə́-m-χč’alə-n |
|
2
sg
.
m
.
abs
-1
sg
.
io
-
com
-
loc
-
neg
-envy-
neg
.
imp
|
| ‘Don’t envy me!’ |
Aghul
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
baxxəl
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_bi
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: bi |
| Locus: Y |
| +Ašur |
baxxul=əl |
bi |
švav-u |
|
pn
|
envy.
prog
=3
m
|
with
|
neighbour(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
| ‘Ashur envies his neighbor.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
invejar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
invej-a |
Miguel |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
envy-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
m
)
|
| ‘Pedro envies Miguel.’ |
Catalan
envejar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en |
Pere |
envej-a |
en |
Marc |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
envy-3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
| ‘Pere envies Marc.’ |
Czech
závidět
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr |
závidí |
Michal-ovi |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
envy(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr envies Michal.’ |
Danish
være misundelig
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: pa |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
er |
misundelig |
på |
Marie |
|
pn
|
be.
prs
|
jealous.
c
.
sg
|
on
|
pn
|
| ‘Peter envies Marie.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Dutch
jaloers zijn
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_op
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: op |
| Locus: Y |
| Piet |
is |
jaloers |
op |
Marie |
|
pn
(
c
)
|
cop
.3
sg
|
envious
|
on
|
pn
(
c
)
|
| ‘Piet envies Marie.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Estonian
kadestama
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
kadesta-b |
Mareti-t |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
envy-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
sg
.
part
|
| ‘Peeter envies Maret.’ |
Finnish
kadehtia
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
kadehti-i |
Matti-a |
|
pn
.
nom
|
envy-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
part
|
| ‘Pekka envies Matti.’ |
Forest Enets
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
German
beneiden
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl |
beneide-t |
Marie |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
envy-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Karl envies Marie.’ |
Italian
invidiare
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo |
invidi-a |
Maria |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
envy-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
f
)
|
| ‘Leo envies Maria.’ |
Kazakh
qïzɣan
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
Maša-ɣa |
qïzɣan-adï |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
envy-
prs
2.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya envies Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
wǔšmaśti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| waśa-j-en |
pet’a-j-a |
wǔšmaś-λ |
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
pn
-
ep
-
dat
|
envy-
npst
[3
sg
]
|
| ‘Vasja envies Petja.’ |
Latin
invideo
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| prob-us |
autem |
invide-t |
nemin-i |
|
honest-
nom
.
sg
.
m
|
but
|
envy[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
nobody-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘An honest man does not envy anyone.’ |
| Note: (Cic. Tim. 9, 4) |
Modern Hebrew
mekan-e
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_be
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: be |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas |
mekan-e |
be |
Menaχem |
|
pn
|
envy[
ptcp
]-
sg
.
m
|
in
|
pn
|
| ‘Pinchas envies Menachem.’ |
Nanai
ananasi-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DIR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DIR |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia |
Maša-či |
anana.si-ni |
|
pn
|
pn
-
dir
|
jealousy.
ipfv
.
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia envies Masha.’ |
Nivkh
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål
å være misunnelig
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: pa |
| Locus: Y |
| Per |
er |
misunnelig |
på |
Ola |
|
pn
|
be.
prs
|
envious
|
on
|
pn
|
| ‘Per envies Ola.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Polish
zazdrościć
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Michał |
zazdrości |
Janc-e |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
envy:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Michał envies Janka.’ |
Russian
zavidovatʹ
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
zavidu-et |
Maš-e |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
envy(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja envies Maša.’ |
Rutul
paxil jiɁi
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUP
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUP |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul |
paxil |
jiɁi |
asijed-ɨ |
|
pn
(
nom
)
|
envy
|
1.
cop
|
pn
-
obl
(
sup
)
|
| ‘Rasul envies Asijat.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Serbian
zavidi
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar |
zavidi |
Marij-i |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
завидовать.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Петар завидует Марии.’ |
Shughni
qayti čīdow
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Naǰiba |
Safina=qati |
qayti |
kix̌-t |
|
pn
|
pn
=
ins
|
envy
|
do-3
sg
|
| ‘Najiba envies Safina.’ |
Skolt Saami
kađšted
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
kaađašt |
Määʹrj |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
envy.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
| ‘Pete envies Maria’ |
Slovenian
zavidati
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| An-a |
zavida |
Petr-u |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
envy:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Ana envies Peter.’ |
Spanish
envidiar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
envidi-a |
a |
María |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
envy-
prs
.3
sg
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
| ‘Pedro envies Maria.’ |
Swedish
att vara avundsjuk
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: pa |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn |
är |
avundsjuk |
på |
Maja |
|
pn
|
be.
prs
|
envious.
indf
.
n
.
sg
|
on
|
pn
|
| ‘Björn envies Maja.’ |
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Turkish
kıskanmak
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet |
Orhan-ı |
kıskan-ıyor |
|
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
envy-
prs
|
| ‘Mehmet envies Orhan.’ |
Ulcha
ananasi-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| nan |
əj |
əktə-wə |
ananas-i-ni |
|
s/he
|
this
|
female-
acc
|
envy-
prs
-3
sg
|
| ‘S/he envies this woman.’ |
Zilo Andi
rok’o qχubi-ɬ.i-j
|
Valency pattern:
GEN_SUPER
|
| X: GEN |
| Y: SUPER.LAT |
| Locus: XY |
| muħammadi-r |
rok’o |
qχubi-ɬ.i-j |
ali-ʔa |
|
pn
-
inan
2(
gen
)
|
heart[
inan
2][
nom
]
|
untidy-
inch
.
pst
-
pf
|
pn
-
super
|
| ‘Muhammad envies Ali.’ |
