BivalTyp

Show Russian meta:

‘enter’

Argument frame:

X (enter) Y

Stimulus sentence:

P. entered the house .

Predicate label Ru:

входить

Argument frame Ru:

X (входить) в Y (дом)

Stimulus sentence Ru:

П. вошел в дом .

Abaza šəl

Valency pattern: ABS_NONARG

X: ABS

Y: NONARG

Locus: Y

a-phʷə́spa	a-tʒə́	d-na-šə́l-ṭ
def -girl	def -house	3 sg . h . abs - tral -enter( aor )- dcl
‘The girl entered the house.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) jə-he

Valency pattern: ABS_LOC.CONT

X: ABS

Y: LOC.CONT

Locus: Y

pŝaŝe-r	wəne-m	jə-ha-ʁ
girl- abs	house- obl	loc : cont -enter- pst
‘The girl entered the house.’

Aghul ačaj-

Valency pattern: ABS_DAT

X: ABS

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

aslan	χul.a-s	ačaj-ne
pn	house- dat	{ in . lat }come: pf - aor
‘Aslan entered the house.’

Alik Kryz ʕaç'ic

Valency pattern: NOM_IN

X: NOM

Y: IN

Locus: Y

terlan	k'ul-ca	ʕaç'-id
pn	house( f )- obl . in	go_in. pfv - aor . m
‘Terlan entered the house.’

Archi

Valency pattern: NOM_IN.LAT

X: NOM

Y: IN.LAT

Locus: Y

moħommad	noʟʼ-a-k	čʼutːe
pn	house- in - lat	1.enter. pfv
‘Muhammad entered the house.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +avər

Valency pattern: SBJ_gu

X: SBJ

Y: gu

Locus: Y

brata	+vər-ra	gu	beta
girl( f )	enter. pst - ls .3 f	in	house( m )
‘The girl entered the house.’
Note: Non-Urmi speaker.

Avar žaniwe ɬuhine

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT

X: NOM

Y: LAT

Locus: Y

ʕali	roq’o-w-e	žani-w-e	ɬuh-una
pn	house. loc - m - lat	inside- m - lat	enter- ipf
‘Ali entered the house.’

Azerbaijani girmək

Valency pattern: NOM_DATLAT

X: NOM

Y: DATLAT

Locus: Y

Aslan	ev-ǝ	gir-di
pn	house- dat / lat	enter- pst (3)
‘Aslan entered the house.’

Bambara dòn

Valency pattern: SBJ_kono

X: SBJ

Y: kono

Locus: Y

Sékù	dòn-na	só`	kɔ́nɔ
pn	enter- pfv . intr	house\ art	into
‘Seku entered a house.’

Brazilian Portuguese entrar

Valency pattern: SBJ_em

X: SBJ

Y: em

Locus: Y

Pedro	entr-ou	em	casa
pn ( m )	enter-3 sg . pst	in	house( f )
‘Pedro entered a house.’

Catalan entrar

Valency pattern: SBJ_a

X: SBJ

Y: a

Locus: Y

en	Pere	va	entr-ar	a	la	casa
def . sg . m	pn ( m )	go.3 sg . prs . ind	enter- inf	to	def . sg . f	house( f )
‘Pere entered the house.’
Note: Cf. "en Pere hi va entrar"

Chirag b-učːasatːej

Valency pattern: ABS_IN

X: ABS

Y: IN

Locus: Y

qal-l-aˤne	č'ʷal	xade	b-učːa-satː-ag-ur
house- obl - in	two	woman( abs )	h . pl - in -hither-go: pf - aor .3
‘Two women went into the room.’

Czech vejít

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN

X: NOM

Y: doGEN

Locus: Y

Petr	veše-l	do	dom-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	enter( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	in	house( m )- gen . sg
‘Petr entered the house.’

Danish gå ind

Valency pattern: SBJ_i

X: SBJ

Y: i

Locus: Y

Peter	gik	ind	i	hus-et
pn	enter. pst	into	in	house( n )- def . sg
‘Peter entered the house.’

Dutch binnengehen

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Piet	ging	het	huis	binnen
pn (С)	go. pst	art . def . n	house( n )	inside
‘Piet entered the house.’

Eastern Maninka dòn

Valency pattern: SBJ_la

X: SBJ

Y: la

Locus: Y

Sékù	bára	dòn	bón`	ná.
pn	prf	enter	house\ art	at
‘Seku entered the house.’

English enter

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	entered	the	house.

Estonian sisenema

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL

X: NOM

Y: ILL

Locus: Y

Peeter	sisene-s	majja.
pn . sg . nom	enter- pst .3 sg	house. sg . ill
‘Peeter entered the house.’

Finnish astua

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL

X: NOM

Y: ILL

Locus: Y

Pekka	astu-i	talo-on
pn . nom	enter- pst .3 sg	house- ill
‘Pekka entered the house.’

Forest Enets tʃu

Valency pattern: NOM_OBLmi

X: NOM

Y: OBLmi

Locus: Y

kasa-jʔ	mɛ-ta	mi-ʔ	tʃuɔ
man- nom . sg .1 sg	chum- obl . sg .3 sg	inside- dat	enter( pfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend entered his house’.

French entrer

Valency pattern: SBJ_dans

X: SBJ

Y: dans

Locus: Y

Paul	est	entré	dans	la	maison
pn ( m )	be. prs .3 sg	enter. pst . ptcp . m	inside	def . sg . f	house( f )
‘Paul entered the house.’

Georgian še-Ø-di-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT.INESS

X: ERG

Y: DAT.INESS

Locus: Y

p'et're-Ø	saxl-ši	še-Ø-vid-a
pn - nom	house- pstp : iness	prv :inward- s 3-go. pst - s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre entered the house.’

German hineingehen

Valency pattern: NOM_inACC

X: NOM

Y: inACC

Locus: Y

Karl	ging	in-s	Haus	hin-ein
pn [ nom . sg ]	go. pst .3 sg	in- def . n . acc . sg	house[ acc . sg ]	there.to-inside
‘Karl entered the house.’

Guinean Kpelle lɔ́

Valency pattern: SBJ_mu

X: SBJ

Y: mu

Locus: Y

Pépèe	àa	lɔ́	bɛ̀lɛ́-í	ɲɛ́i	mû
pn	3 sg . pfv	enter	def \house- art	dem	under
‘Pepee entered the house.’

Icari Dargwa kːʷi-ha=w=q-anaj

Valency pattern: ABS_ILL

X: ABS

Y: ILL

Locus: Y

Islam	qil	kːʷi-ha=w=q-un
pn . abs	house. ill	inside - up = m =go: pf - aor
‘Islam entered the house.’

Irish téigh

Valency pattern: SBJ_isteach

X: SBJ

Y: isteach

Locus: Y

Chuaigh	Pól	isteach	an	tigh.
go. pst	pn	inside	def	house. gs
‘Pól entered the house.’

Italian entrare

Valency pattern: SBJ_in

X: SBJ

Y: in

Locus: Y

Leo	è	entrat-o	nella	cas-a
pn ( m )	aux .3 sg . prs	enter. pst . ptcp - sg . m	in. def . sg . f	house- sg . f
‘Leo entered the house.’

Kadar Dargwa

Valency pattern: NOM_IN

X: NOM

Y: IN

Locus: Y

meħamad	qa-j-ze	erχ-un
pn	home- obl - in	enter. pfv - pret
‘Muhammad entered the house.’

Kalderash Romani śolpe

Valency pattern: NOM_ande

X: NOM

Y: ande

Locus: Y

o	Murš-a	śu-ť-a-pe	man-de	arati	and-o	khər
art . m . dir . sg	pn - nom . sg	enter- pst -3 sg - refl	i - loc	yesterday	in- art . m . dir . sg . sg	house. nom . sg
‘Murša came into my house yesterday.’

Kandyk Tabasaran

Valency pattern: ABS_IN

X: ABS

Y: IN

Locus: Y

ma’ha’mad	χla-ʔ	uc̊’-nu
pn ( abs )	house- in	( h . sg )enter- pst
‘Mahamad entered the house.’

Karata boƛaɬa

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT

X: NOM

Y: LAT

Locus: Y

ʕali	eši-r	w-oƛ-e
pn	room. in - lat	m -go- pf
‘Ali entered the room.’

Kaytag Dargwa waknihaˁna

Valency pattern: NOM_INTER

X: NOM

Y: INTER

Locus: Y

petja	v-aknihaˁʔ-un	uškul-c:i
pn	m -enter. pf - aor	school. obl - inter
‘Petja entered the school.’

Kazakh kir

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	üy-ge	kіr-dі
pn	house- dat	enter- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya entered the house.’

Kazym Khanty λŏŋti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

pet’a-j-en	χɔt-a	λŏŋ-əs
pn - ep - poss .2 sg	house- dat	enter- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja entered the house.’

Khoekhoe ǂgâ

Valency pattern: SBJ_!na

X: SBJ

Y: !na

Locus: Y

Petru-b	ge	om-s	ǃnâ	go	ǂgâ
pn -3 m . sg	decl	house-3 f . sg	in	rpst	enter
‘Peter entered the house.’

Khwarshi j/eqʷa

Valency pattern: ABS_IN.DIR

X: ABS

Y: IN.DIR

Locus: Y

šamil	eq-qa	idu-ʁol
pn	enter- pst . w	house. in - dir
‘Shamil entered the house.’

Kina Rutul eč’ura

Valency pattern: NOM_IN

X: NOM

Y: IN

Locus: Y

rasul	χal-a	eč’u-r=a
pn ( nom )	house- in	pv .1.enter. pfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul entered the house.’

Kumyk girmek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

musa	üj-ge	gir-d-i
pn	house- dat	enter- pst -3 sg
‘Musa entered the house.’

Latin intro

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

(Ann-a)	dom-um	intra-v-it	Tyri-os	indut-a	parat-us
pn ( f )- nom . sg	house( f )- acc . sg	enter- prf - ind . act .3 sg	t yrian- acc . pl . m	put_on. prf . ptcp . pass - nom . sg . f	garment( m )- acc . pl
‘(Anna) entered the house, dressed in Tyrian clothes.’
Note: (Ov. Fasti. III, 627)

Laz o-xt'-im-u

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Käzim-i	oxo(r)-i-s	ama-Ø-xt'-u
pn - nom	house- b - dat	prv - s 3-go- s 3 sg . pst
‘Käzim entered the house.’

Mandarin Chinese jìn

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Zhāngsān	jìn	wū	le
pn	enter	house	pfv
‘Zhangsan entered the house.’

Mano wàà

Valency pattern: SBJ_LOC

X: SBJ

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

kō	wàà	kɛ́ì
1 pl . pst	enter	house. loc
‘We entered a house.’
Note: LOC is a special form of (some) nouns. It goes back to the postposition "yí" but is not synchronically interchangeable with it.

Mehweb

Valency pattern: NOM_IN.LAT

X: NOM

Y: IN.LAT

Locus: Y

Pajzula	qulle-ħe	w-erχ-ur
pn	house. obl - in ( lat )	m -walk: pfv - aor
‘Pajzula entered the house.’

Mingrelian min-Ø-i-l-en-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_ALL

X: ERG

Y: ALL

Locus: Y

čelo-k	ʔude-ša	min-Ø-i-l-(u)
pn - erg	house- all	prv - s 3- ver : s -go-( s 3 sg . pst )
‘Chelo entered the house.’

Modern Hebrew niχnas

Valency pattern: SBJ_el

X: SBJ

Y: el

Locus: Y

Pinχas	niχnas	el	ha	bajt
pn	enter[ pst .3 sg . m ]	towards	def	house
‘Pinchas entered the house.’

Mukhad Rutul aˤč'uˤn

Valency pattern: NOM_IN

X: NOM

Y: IN

Locus: Y

murad	χala	aˤč'uˤ-ri
pn	house. in	( m )enter. pf - aor
‘Murad entered the house.’

Nanai iigu-

Valency pattern: NOM_DIR

X: NOM

Y: DIR

Locus: Y

Petia	ǯook-či	ii-gu-xə-ni
pn	house- dir	enter- rep - pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia entered the house.’

Nivkh juɣd

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT/ADD

X: SBJ

Y: DAT/ADD

Locus: Y

Kaskazik	taf-tоχ	j-uɣ-d
pn	house- dat / add	3 sg -enter- ind
‘Kaskzik entered the house.’

Northern Akhvakh beq’uruƛa

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT

X: NOM

Y: LAT

Locus: Y

patħudi	č’ila-ga	woq’-ari
pn	house. pl . nom - lat	m .come- aor
‘Pathudi entered the house.’

Northern Mansi ɕaltəs

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMkiwern

X: NOM

Y: NOMkiwern

Locus: Y

ōjka	ɕalt-əs	kol	kīwər-n
man	enter- pst .3 sg	house	inside- lat
‘The man entered the house.’

Northern Yukaghir sǝw=

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC

X: NOM

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

Sǝmiǝn	nimǝ-ɣа	sǝg-u-j
pn	house- loc	enter-0- intr .3 sg
‘Semien entered the house.’

Norwegian Bokmål å gå inn

Valency pattern: SBJ_i

X: SBJ

Y: i

Locus: Y

Per	gikk	inn	i	hus-et
pn	go. pst	inside	in	house- def . n . sg
‘Per entered the house.’

Polish wejść

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN

X: NOM

Y: doGEN

Locus: Y

Paweł	wszed-ł	do	dom-u
pn [ nom . sg ]	go_in: pfv \ pst . m - pst [ m .3 sg ]	at	house- gen . sg
‘Paweł entered the house.’

Russian vojti

Valency pattern: NOM_vACC

X: NOM

Y: vACC

Locus: Y

Pet-ja	voše-l	v	dom
pn ( m )- nom . sg	enter( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	in	house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petja entered the house.’

Serbian ući

Valency pattern: NOM_uACC

X: NOM

Y: uACC

Locus: Y

Petar	je	uša-o	u	kuć-u
pn . nom . sg	be. prs .3 sg	enter- part . perf . m . sg	in	house- acc . sg
‘Petar entered the house.’

Shinaz Rutul aˁč’uˁ-n

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)

X: NOM

Y: NOM(NO.AGR)

Locus: Y

iz-dı	duχ	aˁč’uˁ-r	mixteb
my- attr	son	( m )enter. pf - aor	school
‘My son entered the school.’

Shughni dedow

Valency pattern: NOM_EQ

X: NOM

Y: EQ

Locus: Y

Ahmed	tar	čīd	ded
pn	eq	house	enter. pst
‘Ahmed entered the house.’

Skolt Saami pueʹtted

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL

X: NOM

Y: ILL

Locus: Y

Peâtt	puõʹđ-i	põʹrtt-e
pn . sg . nom	come- pst .3 sg	house- sg . ill
‘Pete entered the house.’

Slovak vojsť

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN

X: NOM

Y: doGEN

Locus: Y

Peter	vošie-l	do	dom-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	enter( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	in	house( m )- gen . sg
‘Peter entered the house.’

Slovenian vstopiti

Valency pattern: NOM_vACC

X: NOM

Y: vACC

Locus: Y

Pavel	je	vstopi-l	v	hiš-o
pn [ nom . sg ]	aux .3 sg	enter: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ]	in	house- acc . sg
‘Pavel entered the house.’

Sorani Kurdish çûne

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Hîwa	çûw-Ø-e	maɫ-eke
pn	go. pst -3 sg -to	house- def
‘Hiwa entered the house.’
Note: The verbal marker –e is the result of the “migration” of the preposition "le", cf. "Hîwa le maɫ-eke çûw-Ø".

Southern Rutul aˤç'uˤn

Valency pattern: NOM_IN

X: NOM

Y: IN

Locus: Y

murad	xal-a	aˤç'uˤ-r
pn	house- in	( m )enter. pf - aor
‘Murad entered the house.’

Spanish entrar

Valency pattern: SBJ_en

X: SBJ

Y: en

Locus: Y

Pedro	ha	entra-do	en	la	casa
pn [ sg . m ]	aux .3 sg	enter- ptcp : prf	in	art . def . sg . f	house[ sg . f ]
‘Pedro entered the house.’

Standard Arabic daḫala

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Badr-u-n	daḫala	l-bayt-a
pn - nom - indef	enter. pf .3 m	def -house- acc
‘Badr entered the house.’

Svan

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL.INESS

X: NOM

Y: ALL.INESS

Locus: Y

maizer-Ø	kor-te-isga aː-Ø-čäd
pn - nom	house- all - iness
‘Maizer went into the house.’

Swedish att gå in

Valency pattern: SBJ_i

X: SBJ

Y: i

Locus: Y

Björn	gick	in	i	hus-et
pn	go. pst	inside	in	house- def . n . sg
‘Björn entered the house.’
Note: Phrasal verb (in is not a flagging device).

Tagalog

Valency pattern: ACT_PATH

X: ACT

Y: PATH

Locus: Y

P<um>asok	si	Pedro	sa	bahay
< av > pfv .enter	pers . subj	pn	dat	house
‘Pedro entered the house.’
Note: The Y argument can also be signaled as "pa-loob ng bahay" [<AV>enter[PFV] DIR-inside GEN house].

Telugu pravēšiṁcu

Valency pattern: NOM_LOCDAT

X: NOM

Y: LOCDAT

Locus: Y

pravīṇ	iṁṭi-lō-ki	pravēšiṁcāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom	house( n ). sg . obl - loc - dat	enter. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen entered the house.’

Tsakhur ič’iy

Valency pattern: NOM_INLAT

X: NOM

Y: INLAT

Locus: Y

murad	хaa-qha	ič’u
pn	house. in - lat	( m )enter. pf
‘Murad entered the house.’

Tsudakhar Dargwa hа-b-ac'-iz/ha-b-ic'-iz

Valency pattern: NOM_ERG/LOC(LAT)

X: NOM

Y: ERG/LOC(LAT)

Locus: Y

uršːi	uškul-le	h-ac'-ib
boy	school- erg / loc ( lat )	up -( m )go. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy entered the school.’

Tsugni Dargwa b-urkːe ha-b-uq-i / ha-b-ulq-i

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC(LAT)

X: NOM

Y: LOC(LAT)

Locus: Y

durħaˤ	uškul-le	urkːe	ha-wq-un
boy	school- loc ( lat )	( m )inside( lat )	up-( m )move. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy entered the school.’

Turkish girmek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Mehmet	ev-e	gir-di
pn	house- dat	enter- pst
‘Mehmet entered the house.’

Turoyo ʕobər

Valency pattern: SBJ.SS_IO

X: SBJ.SS

Y: IO

Locus: Y

Gabriyel	ʕabər	l-u	bayto
pn	enter. pfv .3 m	to- art . m	house( m )
‘Gabriyel entered the house’

Ulcha ī-

Valency pattern: NOM_dooLAT

X: NOM

Y: dooLAT

Locus: Y

xusə	piktə	xagdu	dō-ti-ni	ī-xə-ni
male	child	house	inside- lat -3 sg	enter- pst -3 sg
‘The boy entered the house.’

Uzbek kirmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	uy-ga	kir-yab-ti
pn	house- dat	enter- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja entered the house.’

West Central Oromo seena

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

obsaa-n	mana	seen-e
pn - nom	house. abs	enter-3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa entered the house.’

Zilo Andi kab.i

Valency pattern: NOM_ILLAT

X: NOM

Y: ILLAT

Locus: Y

ali	haqχ’u-di	kab.i
pn [ m ][ nom ]	room- illat	enter. pst ( aor )
‘Ali entered the room.’