BivalTyp

‘enjoy’

Argument frame: X (enjoy) Y
Stimulus sentence: (After being in cold water) P. enjoys hot tea .
Predicate label Ru: наслаждаться
Argument frame Ru: X (наслаждаться) Y -ом
Stimulus sentence Ru: (После холодной воды) П. наслаждается горячим чаем .

Abaza Х-gʷə Х-r.ĉ̣ə

Valency pattern: ERG_NONARG.INS
X: ERG
Y: NONARG_INS
Locus: Y
zaréma č’aj–blə-la l-gʷə lə-r-ĉ̣-əj-d
pn tea–hot- ins 3 sg . f . io -heart 3 sg . f . erg - caus -get_sour- prs - dcl
‘Zarema enjoys hot tea.’
Note: Y is expressed as a dependent-marked adjunct, unindexed on the verb.

Adyghe (West Circassian) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Aghul *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
aslan.a ʡašqː.una-l-di čaj uχ.a-a
pn ( erg ) passion- super - lat tea drink. ipf - prs
‘Aslan is drinking tea with pleasure.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination.

Akhvakh (Northern) t’anʕa beχuruƛa

Valency pattern: NOM_POSS
X: NOM
Y: POSS
Locus: Y
pataħi-de t’anʕa b-eχ-ere gwe č’eda čeje-ɬɬi-ƛƛi
pn - erg taste n -take- simul n . cop hot tea- obl - gen
‘Patahi enjoys hot tea.’

Andi (Zilo) t’aʔam <b>-iχ.i-r

Valency pattern: ERG_CONT.EL
X: ERG
Y: CONT.EL
Locus: Y
pat’imati-di tʃa-tʃ’u-kːu t’aʔam b-iχ.i-r
pn - erg tea. obl - cont - el taste[ inan 1][ nom ] inan 1-take. pst - prog
‘Patimat is enjoying hot tea.’

Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi) sthny

Valency pattern: SBJ_men
X: SBJ
Y: men
Locus: Y
Abrahām qa-yǝstahni mn-ǝl-čāy ǝl-ḥāġġ
pn prs -enjoy. ipf .3 ms from- art -tea art -hot
‘Abraham enjoys hot tea.’

Arabic (Northern Syrian) tmattaʕ

Valency pattern: SBJ_b
X: SBJ
Y: b
Locus: Y
Mḥammad yətmattaʕ b=əč-čay
pn enjoy. ipfv .3 m in= def -tea
‘Muhammad enjoys tea.’

Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth) m.t.ʿ

Valency pattern: SBJ_bi
X: SBJ
Y: bi
Locus: Y
Shadi bistamteʿ bi-š-šāy is-suxon
pn enjoy. prs .3 m . sg in- def -tea def -hot
‘Shadi enjoys hot tea.’

Arabic (standard) tamattaʕa

Valency pattern: NOM_biGEN
X: NOM
Y: biGEN
Locus: Y
Badr-un yatamattaʕu bi=š-šāy-i s-sāḫin-i
pn - nom enjoy. ipf .3 m by= def -tea- gen def -hot- gen
‘Badr enjoys hot tea.’

Archi χːubus

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
paša haˁršːa-r-tːu-t čij χːu-r-ši w-i 
pn boiling- ipfv - attr -4 tea drink- ipfv - advz 1-be
‘Pasha is drinking hot tea (making pauses between gulps).’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence.

Armenian (Eastern) vayelel

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: DAT~NOM
Locus: TR
Petros-ə tak’ tey ē+vayelum
pn [ nom ]- def hot tea[ nom ] enjoy: prs :3 sg
‘Petros enjoys hot tea.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic avəd ceyp

Valency pattern: SBJ_bi
X: SBJ
Y: bi
Locus: Y
yala vad=ələ ceyp-u bi +čay
boy( m ) do. prog =3 m pleasure( f )- p .3 m with tea( m )
‘The boy enjoys tea.’
Note: Non-Urmi speaker. ceyp is a dialect realization of cep.

Avar kep bosize

Valency pattern: ERG_EL
X: ERG
Y: EL
Locus: Y
ʕali-ca b-uħ-ara-b čaj-al-dasa kep b-os-ule-b b-ugo
pn - erg n -burn- pf . ptcp - n tea- obl - el pleasure n -take- ipf . ptcp - n n - cop
‘Ali enjoys hot tea.’

Azerbaijani həzz almaq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Aslan isti çay-dan hǝzz al-ır
pn hot tea- abl pleasure take- ipfv (3)
‘Aslan enjoys hot tea.’

Bafut kɔ̀ŋə̂

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
àmbɛ́ à kɔ̀ŋə̂ tíí ᵼ̀lòò
pn sm love tea hot
‘Ambe loves hot tea.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Bambara tɔ̀nɔbɔ́

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù bɛ́_kà àtayi` tɔ̀nɔbɔ́
pn prog tea\ art enjoy
‘Seku enjoys the tea.’

Bartangi

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Ahmed kaš čoy=qati azūr čū-ǰ
pn hot tea= com pleasure do- pf
‘Ahmed enjoys hot tea.’

Belarusian atrymlivać asalodu

Valency pattern: NOM_adGEN
X: NOM
Y: adGEN
Locus: Y
Alieś atrymliva-je asalod-u ad harač-aj harbat-y
pn [ nom . sg ] get( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pleasure- acc . sg from_at hot- gen . sg . f tea- gen . sg
‘Ales enjoys hot tea.’

Budugh ħaz ʕaşxar

Valency pattern: DAT_ABL
X: DAT
Y: ABL
Locus: XY
aslan-ız feyi çay-ın-a'r ħaz ʕaşxar-i
pn - dat warm tea- obl - abl pleasure n .come. ipfv - nonpst
‘Aslan enjoys hot tea.’

Bulgarian naslazhdavam se

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT(na)
X: SBJ
Y: DAT(na)
Locus: Y
Petăr se naslazhdava na goresht-iya chay
pn refl enjoy( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on warm- def . short . m . sg tea
‘Petar enjoys hot tea.’

Catalan disfrutar

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
en Pere disfrut-a de l'aigua calenta
def . sg . m pn ( m ) enjoy-3 sg . prs . ind of def . sg . f -water( f ) hot( f )
‘Pere enjoys hot tea.’

Chechen mala

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Islam-as d-ouxa chaj molu
pn - erg d -warm tea. abs drink. prs
‘Islam is drinking hot tea.’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence.

Chinese (Mandarin) xiǎngshòu

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Zhāngsān xiǎngshòu zhe rè-chá-de nuǎnyì
pn enjoy dur hot-tea- de warmth
‘Zhangsan enjoys hot tea.’
Note: Not included in the dataset because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Chirag *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Croatian uživati

Valency pattern: NOM_uLOC
X: NOM
Y: uLOC
Locus: Y
Per-o uživa u vruć-em čaj-u
pn - nom . sg enjoy( ipfv ). prs .3 sg in hot- loc . sg . m tea- loc . sg
‘Pero enjoys hot tea.’

Czech užívat si

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr si užívá hork-ý čaj
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . dat enjoy( ipfv ). prs .3 sg hot- m . acc . sg tea( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petr enjoys hot tea.’

Danish nyde

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter nyde-r varm te
pn enjoy- prs hot. c . sg tea( c ). sg
‘Peter enjoys hot tea.’

Dargwa (Itsari) ħaˤjran-B-irq'-uj

Valency pattern: ABS_ERG
X: ABS
Y: ERG
Locus: Y
Islam d-uc'ar čaˤj-il ħaˤjran-w-irq'-a=ca-w
pn ( abs ) npl -hot tea- erg fascination- m - lv . ipfv - prs = cop - m
‘Islam enjoys hot tea.’

Dargwa (Kadar) jal-CL-uh-es / jal-CL-ur-es

Valency pattern: NOM_EL
X: NOM
Y: EL
Locus: Y
meħamad jal-0-uh-ub b-uc'ar-il čaj-zaka
pn enjoy- m -become. pfv - pret n -hot- atr tea- el
‘Muhammad enjoys hot tea.’

Dargwa (Kaytag) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Dargwa (Kubachi)

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
gal-i hakal hank'ʷ-žu-d čaˤj d-ikː-ul=saw
boy- dat very hot- atr - npl tea npl -like. ipfv - cnv . prog = cop . m (3)
‘The boy likes hot tea.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Dargwa (Tsudakhar) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Dargwa (Tsugni) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Dutch genieten

Valency pattern: SBJ_van
X: SBJ
Y: van
Locus: Y
Piet geniet van de het-e thee
pn ( c ) enjoy.3 sg from art . def . c hot-С tea( c )
‘Piet is enjoying the hot tea.’

Enets (Forest) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

English enjoy

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter enjoys hot tea.

Estonian nautima

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Peeter naudi-b kuuma tee-d
pn . sg . nom enjoy- prs .3 sg hot. part tea- sg . part
‘Peeter enjoys hot tea.’

Finnish nauttia

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pekka nautti-i tee-stä
pn . nom enjoy- prs .3 sg tea- ela
‘Pekka enjoys hot tea.’
Note: With objects denoting food or drinks, the NOM_PART pattern is also possible.

French savourer

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Paul savoure le thé chaud
pn ( m ) enjoy. prs .3 sg def . sg . m tea( m ) hot. sg . m
‘Marie enjoys hot tea.’

Gascon se regala

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Pèir se regala deu tè caud
pn refl enjoy. prs .3 sg of. def . sg . m tea hot. sg . m
‘Pèir enjoys hot tea.’

Gban dà̰ gbíà lȉȅ lè yɛ̋

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Zá̰ ∅ ka̋fe̋ zǒzǒ da̰̋ gbíà lȉȅ=lè yɛ̋
pn 3 sg coffee hot ipfv \drink breast:surface be_good= nmlz with
‘Zan drinks hot coffee with pleasure.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Georgian Ø-t'k'b-eb-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
p'et're-Ø cxel-i čai-t Ø-t'k'b-eb-a
pn - nom hot- b tea- ins s 3-delight- sm - s 3 gs . inact
‘Petre enjoys hot tea.’

German genießen

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl genieß-t sein-en Tee
pn [ nom . sg ] enjoy- prs .3 sg his- m . acc . sg tea[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl is enjoying his tea.’

Hebrew (modern) nehene

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi
X: SBJ
Y: mi
Locus: Y
Pinχas nehene me ha te ha χam
pn enjoy[ ptcp . sg . m ] from def tea def hot
‘Pinchas enjoys hot tea.’

Hindi mazā lenā

Valency pattern: ERG_GEN
X: ERG
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Pratīk garm cāy kā mazā le rah-ā hɛ
pn ( m ). sg . dir hot tea( m ). sg . obl adjz . m . sg . dir savour( m ). sg . dir take dur - m . sg prs .3 sg
‘Prateek is enjoying hot tea.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent.

Indonesian (standard) me-nikmat-i

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Ali me-nikmat-i teh panas
pn act -pleasure- appl tea hot
‘Ali enjoys hot tea.’

Irish *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Italian godersi

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo si god-e il tè cald-o
pn ( m ) int enjoy-3 sg . prs def . sg . m tea. sg . m hot- sg . m
‘Leo enjoys the hot tea.’

Karata rahat baʔaɬa

Valency pattern: ERG_EL
X: ERG
Y: EL
Locus: Y
ʕali-l q’ardob čaj-agal raħat b-eeda
pn - erg hot tea- el rest n -come. ipf
‘Ali enjoys hot tea.’

Kazakh raxattan

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petya ïstïq šay-ï-men raxattan-ïp otïr
pn hot tea- poss 3- ins enjoy- cvb sit.3 sg
‘Petya is enjoying the hot tea.’

Khanty (Kazym) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Khoekhoe ǃgâi-ba-he

Valency pattern: SBJ_xa
X: SBJ
Y: xa
Locus: Y
Petru-b ge ǀgamsa tē-i xa a ǃgâi-ba-he
pn -3 m . sg decl hot tea-3 c . sg by aux be_good- appl - pass
‘Peter enjoys hot tea.’
Note: The verb here is a stative verb and has to be used with auxiliaries.

Khwarshi goqa

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
di-l žu c'aq' go:qa
1 sg . o - dat dem . an . abs . prox very like\ gnt
‘I like it (soft cheese) very much.’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence.

Komi-Permyak наслаждайтчыны

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя наслаждайтч-ö пым чай-öн
pn наслаждаться- prs .3 горячий чай- ins
‘Петя наслаждается горячим чаем.’

Komi-Zyrian č́e̮smaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a č́e̮smaś-i-s pe̮ś čaj-e̮n
pn enjoy- pret -3 hot tea- ins
‘Petja enjoyed hot tea.’

Kpelle (Guinean) kwèi nɛ̌ɛ

Valency pattern: DO_SBJ
X: DO
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
nɔ̀ɔ kwélê àa Pépèe kwèi nɛ̌ɛ
def \wine white 3 sg . prf pn stomach. loc be_tasty
‘Pepee enjoys white wine.’

Kryz (Alik) lazat ğaynic

Valency pattern: ERG_PART
X: ERG
Y: PART
Locus: Y
terlan-ir ghirra çay-il-kar lazat ğan-e
pn - erg warm tea- obl - part delicacy take. ipfv - prs . n
‘Terlan enjoys hot tea.’

Kryz (Ismayilli) lazzat qaynic

Valency pattern: ERG_ADEL
X: ERG
Y: ADEL
Locus: Y
aslan-ir ghiri-c çay-ini-var lazzat qayn-e
pn - erg hot- attr . n tea- obl - adel pleasure take. ipf - prs . n
‘Aslan enjoys hot tea.’

Kryz (proper) haz qaynic

Valency pattern: ERG_SUBEL
X: ERG
Y: SUBEL
Locus: Y
ghira çay-ci-kir aslan-ir haz qan-i
hot tea- obl - subel pn - erg pleasure take. ipf - prs . n
‘Aslan enjoys hot tea.’

Kumyk kep almaq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
patimat issi čaj-dan kep al-a
pn hot tea- abl mood take-3 sg
‘Patimat enjoys hot tea.’

Kurdish (Sorani) pêxoʂ bûn

Valency pattern: EXT_SBJ.INTR
X: EXT
Y: SBJ.INTR
Locus: X
Hîwa ça-î gerim=î pê-xoʂ-e
pn tea- izf warm=3 sg . pc prev -good-be. prs .3 sg
‘Hiwa enjoys hot tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) kêf standin (tr)

Valency pattern: SBJ.TR_jiOBL
X: SBJ.TR
Y: jiOBL
Locus: Y
lawik kêf-ê ji çay-a germ di-stîn-e
boy enjoyment- obl . f from tea- obl . f hot prs -take. ipfv -3 sg
‘The boy enjoys hot tea.’

Lak (Quba)

Valency pattern: GEN_SUPEL
X: GEN
Y: SUPEL
Locus: Y
Maħammad k'ri-sːa čaj-li-j-a neʔmat b-ul-la-j ur
pn be.hot- attr tea- obl - sup - el delight(3) 3-do- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1.be. prs .3 p
‘Mohammad enjoys hot tea.’
Note: This structure is binominative because of the TAM form. The verb is transitive.

Latin fruor

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
mell-e pater fru-itur
honey( n )- abl . sg father( m ). nom . sg enjoy[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg
‘The father enjoys the honey.’
Note: (Ov. Fasti. III, 761)

Laz o-š-(um)-u

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
Käzim-i-k čai-Ø me-Ø-o-šv-am-s
pn - b - erg tea- nom prv - do 3- ver : sup -drink- sm - s 3 sg
‘Käzim is drinking tea with pleasure.’

Lezgian (Yargun) lezzet qaçun

Valency pattern: ERG_SUB/POSTEL
X: ERG
Y: SUB/POSTEL
Locus: Y
Sahib-a qaynar çay-ini-kaa lezzet qaçu-zva
pn - erg hot tea- obl - sub / postel pleasure take- prs
‎‎‎‘Sahib enjoys hot tea.’

Macedonian se nasladuva

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Petar se nasladuva so topol čaj
pn refl enjoy( ipfv ). prs .3 sg with warm. m . sg tea( m ). sg
‘Petar enjoys hot tea.’

Maltese ħa gost

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Ġwanni jieħu gost t-te sħun
pn take. ipf . m .3 sg pleasure def -tea hot
‘Ġwanni enjoys hot tea.’

Maninka (Eastern) díyabɔ

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù yé tɛ́` díyabɔ` lá.
pn be tea\ art enjoy\ art at
‘Seku enjoys the tea.’

Mano ɲɔ́nɔ́ sí

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ē kɔ́nɔ́ ɲɔ́nɔ́ sí
3 sg . pst food oil take
‘S/he enjoyed the food.’
Note: The Mano sentence contains a complex predicate, which includes a nominal and a verbal part (see Grammar notes above).

Mansi (Northern) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Mehweb kep ases

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER.EL
X: ERG
Y: SUPER.EL
Locus: Y
Islam kep is-uwe le-w d-ucʼar-i čaj-če-la
pn pleasure take: ipfv - cvb be- m npl -hot- attr tea[ ru ]- super - el
‘Islam enjoys hot tea.’
Note: The nominative encoding of X in the actual example is conditioned by TAM (binominative construction resolves into transitive).

Mingrelian Ø-i-t'kab-u(n)-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: ERG_INS
X: ERG
Y: INS
Locus: Y
čelo-Ø čxe čai-t Ø-i-t'k'ab-u(n)-Ø
pn - nom hot tea- ins s 3- ver : s -delight- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Chelo enjoys hot tea.’

Nanai *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Petia do-ni ulə o-či-ni pəku čaj-wa omi-do-i
pn inside- p .3 sg good become- pst - p .3 sg heat tea- obl drink. npst - dat - p . refl . sg
‘Petia’s soul filled with joy when he drank hot tea.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause.

Nivkh ezmud

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Kaskazik qavla + cʰaj + smо-qatn-d
pn hot + tea + like- aug - ind
‘Kaskazik likes hot tea.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Norwegian Bokmål å nyte

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per nyte-r den varm-e te-en
pn enjoy- prs det . m . sg warm- def tea- def . m . sg
‘Per enjoys hot tea.’

Oromo (West Central) itti gammada

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
obsaa-n ʃaajii hoʔaa-tti gammad-a
pn - nom tea. abs hot- loc enjoy-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘Obsa enjoys hot tea.’

Persian leẕẕat bordan

Valency pattern: NOM_azNOM
X: NOM
Y: azNOM
Locus: Y
ahmad az čā-ye dāġ leẕẕat mī-bar-ad
pn from tea- izaf scalding pleasure cont -bring. prs -3 sg
‘Ahmad enjoys scalding tea.’

Polish delektować się

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Michał delektuje się gorąc-ą herbat-ą
pn [ nom . sg ] love: ipfv . prs .3 sg refl hot- f . ins . sg tea- ins . sg
‘Michał enjoys hot tea.’

Portuguese (Brazilian) desfrutar

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Pedro desfrut-a de um chá quente
pn ( m ) enjoy-3 sg . prs of indf tea( m ) hot
‘Pedro is enjoying a hot tea.’

Romani (Kalderash) mišto

Valency pattern: DAT_ABL
X: DAT
Y: ABL
Locus: XY
le Murš-ahkə mišto kata ćaj
art . m . dir . sg pn - dat . sg well from tea[ nom . sg ]
‘Murša enjoys the tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. With a pronominal Y argument, the structure with the ablative case (ABL) would be used.

Romanian a face bine

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
lui Petru îi face bine ceai-ul fierbinte
he. dat . acnt pn s/he. dat . nant make. prs .3 sg well tea- def . dir hot
‘Petru enjoys hot tea.’

Russian naslaždatʹsja

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet-ja naslažda-et-sja gorjač-im ča-em
pn ( m )- nom . sg enjoy( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl hot- m . ins . sg tea( m )- ins . sg
‘Petja enjoys hot tea.’

Rutul (Kina) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Rutul (Mukhad) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
murad-a bik'er-di čej raʁa-ra kef kelʔe-re a
pn - erg hot- attr tea ipf .drink- simul pleasure ( n ) ipf .pull- simul be_in
‘Murad feels good when he drinks hot tea.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause.

Rutul (Myukhrek)

Valency pattern: ERG_COM
X: ERG
Y: COM
Locus: Y
duxvar-a çay-ı-xhvan lezet lafı-ri
son. obl - erg tea- obl - com pleasure a .take. pf - aor
‘The son enjoys tea.’

Rutul (Shin-Borch) kef kaˤğaˤyşuˤn

Valency pattern: ERG_CONTEL
X: ERG
Y: CONTEL
Locus: Y
murad-a bik'-di çey-a-kla kef kaˤğaˤyşuˤ-r
pn - erg hot- attr tea- obl - contel pleasure n .choose. pf - aor
‘Murad enjoys hot tea.’

Rutul (Shinaz) ištaʁ h-iši-n

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
basir ištaʁan raˁʁaˁ-r a bik'er-dɨ čej
pn with.appetite ( n )drink. ipf - simul exist hot- attr tea
‘Basir is drinking hot tea with pleasure.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Saami (Skolt) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Peâtt-ast lij hääʹsǩ juukkâd puõiʹlli čee
pn - sg . loc be. prs .3 sg fun drink. inf hot tea. sg . acc
‘Pete enjoys drinking hot tea.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause.

Sagada kep jisa

Valency pattern: ERG_CONT
X: ERG
Y: CONT
Locus: Y
pat’imat-e buħarab ƚi-ƚ kep j-is-xo
pn - erg hot water. obl - cont pleasure( ii ) ii -take- prs
‘Patimat enjoys the hot water.’

Serbian uživati

Valency pattern: NOM_uLOC
X: NOM
Y: uLOC
Locus: Y
Petar uživa u vruć-em čaj-u
pn . nom . sg enjoy. prs .3 sg in hot- loc . sg . m tea- loc . sg
‘Petar enjoys hot tea.’

Shughni ayš čīdow

Valency pattern: NOM.CL_SUP
X: NOM.CL
Y: SUP
Locus: Y
mu tāt=i kaš čoy-ti ayš čūd
1 sg . obl father=3 sg hot tea- sup pleasure do. pst
‘My father enjoys hot tea.’

Slovak užívať si

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter si užíva tepl-ý čaj
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . dat enjoy( ipfv ). prs .3 sg hot- m . acc . sg tea( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Peter enjoys hot tea.’

Slovenian uživati

Valency pattern: NOM_vLOC
X: NOM
Y: vLOC
Locus: Y
An-a uživa v čaj-u
pn - nom . sg enjoy: ipfv . prs .3 sg in tea- loc . sg
‘Ana enjoys tea.’

Spanish disfrutar

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Pedro disfrut-a de=l té caliente
pn [ sg . m ] enjoy- prs .3 sg from= art . def . sg . m tea[ sg . m ] hot[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro enjoys hot tea.’

Svan x-a-siäm (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
maizer-s ätu čai-Ø x-a-siäm
pn - dat hot tea- nom io 3- ver : sup -please
‘Maizer is pleased by hot tea.’

Swedish att gilla

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn gilla-r varm-t te
pn enjoy- prs warm- indf . n . sg tea
‘Björn enjoys hot tea.’

Tabasaran (Kandyk) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
maˁhaˁmad-ǯi ebcru čaj uχ-ura
pn - erg hot tea( abs ) drink- prs
‘Mahamad is drinking hot tea.’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence.

Tagalog mahilig

Valency pattern: SBJNV_LOC
X: SBJNV
Y: LOC
Locus: XY
mahilig si Pedro sa mainit na tsaa
like. adj pers . subj pn dat hot lin tea
‘Pedro enjoys hot tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (adjective). The Y-argument can only be signalled by DAT.

Telugu āsvādiṁcu

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pravīṇ vēḍi ṭī-ni āsvādistunnāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom hot tea( n ). sg . obl - acc enjoy_the_taste. dur .3 sg . m
‘Praveen is enjoying hot tea.’

Tsakhur lezzetхhay

Valency pattern: DAT_CONTEL
X: DAT
Y: CONTEL
Locus: XY
murad-ı-s issağa-ni čey-i-ke lezzet-eeхhi
pn - obl - dat hot- attr . obl tea- obl - contel pleasure-be. ipf
‘Murad enjoys hot tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Tswana itumelela

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ke-i-tumel-el-a Ø-tee e e-monate
s i :1 sg - refl -accept. prf - fv sg -tea(9) cl9. lk cl9-good
‘I enjoy a good tea.’

Turkish *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Mehmet çay-ın tad-ı-nı çıkar-ıyor
pn tea- gen taste- p .3- acc extract- prs
‘Mehmet is enjoying the tea.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Turoyo mbasəm leb-

Valency pattern: SBJ_b
X: SBJ
Y: b
Locus: Y
Šabo kə-mbasəm leb-e b čay šaḥino
pn prs -please. ipfv .3 m heart( m )- p .3 m in tea( m ) hot( m )
‘Gabriyel is enjoying hot tea.’

Twi ani gye

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Kofi ani gye tee hyeehye ho
pn eye take. prs tea hot inner_self
‘Kofi enjoys hot tea.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Udi xoşel eyes

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
gam çəy Mart'a-y xoşel=e ey-sa
hot tea pn - gen to_one’s_liking=3 sg come- prs
‘Marta likes hot tea.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Udmurt kuani̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Pet'a pöś č́aj-leś kune
pn . nom hot tea- abl savour. prs .3 sg
‘Petja is savouring hot tea.’

Ukrainian nasolodžuvatysja

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o nasolodžuj-et’-sja harjač-ym čaj-em
pn ( m )- nom . sg enjoy( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl hot- m . ins . sg tea( m )- ins . sg
‘Petro enjoys hot tea.’

Ulcha *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Uzbek rohatlanmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya issiq čoy-ga rohatlan-ib tur-ib-ti
pn hot tea- dat enjoy- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja enjoys hot tea.’

Wolof bànneexoo

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBJ
Locus: TR
gannaaw_bu ma liggéey-ee b-u baax dama-y bànneexoo àttaya j-u neex
after s i :1 sg work- cpl cl b - rel be.good f oc v .s i :1 sg - incpl rejoice. appl tea( j ) cl j - rel be.pleasant
‘After having worked well, I enjoy a good tea.’

Yukaghir (Northern) nˈanbǝličnǝ law=

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Sǝmiǝn pug-uo-dˈǝ čаj-lǝ nˈаnbǝl-i-čnǝ lаw-nu-m
pn hot- stat - ptcl tea- acc be_tasty- stat - adv drink- ipf - tr .3 sg
Lit. ‘Semien drinks the hot tea with pleasure.’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence.

Zazaki

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
kɛjf-e ɛj bi=t͡ʃaj-a ɡɛrmɨn-ə jɛn-o
joy- ez . m 3 sg . m . obl with=tea- ez . f hot- f . obl come. prs -3 sg . m
‘He enjoys hot tea.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.