‘drop’
| Argument frame: | X (drop) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. dropped the glass . |
| Predicate label Ru: | ронять |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (ронять) Y |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. уронил стакан . |
Abaza ḳa-rə.ŝ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| á-č’ḳʷən | a-stakán | ḳa-j-rə́-ŝ-d |
| def -boy | def -glass | loc -3 sg . m . erg - caus -fall( aor )- dcl |
| ‘The boy dropped the glass.’ | ||
Aghul fatːarx.u-
| Valency pattern: APUD.ELAT_ABS |
| X: APUD.ELAT |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: X |
| aslan.a-f-as | istːik’an | fatːarx.u-ne |
| pn - apud - elat | glass | { apud . elat }get. pf - aor |
| ‘Aslan dropped the glass.’ | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic manpəl
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| baxt-u | munpəl-la | stacan |
| woman( f )- p .3 m | drop. pst - ls .3 f | glass( m ) |
| ‘The woman dropped the glass.’ | ||
Brazilian Portuguese derrubar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | derrub-ou | um | copo |
| pn ( m ) | topple-3 sg . pst | indf | glass( m ) |
| ‘Pedro toppled a glass.’ | |||
Catalan caure's
| Valency pattern: DAT_SBJ |
| X: DAT |
| Y: SBJ |
| Locus: X |
| al | Pere | se | li | va | cau-re | el | got |
| to. def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | refl .3 sg | dat .3 sg | go.3 sg . prs . ind | fall- inf | def . sg . m | glass( m ) |
| ‘Pere dropped the glass.’ | |||||||
Czech upustit
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr | upusti-l | sklenic-i |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | drop( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | glass( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petr dropped the glass.’ | ||
Danish tabe
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | tab-te | glass-et |
| pn | drop- pst | glass( n )- def . sg |
| ‘Peter dropped the glass.’ | ||
Dutch laten vallen
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet | heeft | een | glas | laten | vallen |
| pn ( c ) | have.3 sg | art . indf | glass( n ) | let | fall |
| ‘Piet dropped a glass.’ | |||||
Estonian maha pillama
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Peeter | pilla-s | klaasi | maha |
| pn | drop- pst .3 sg | glass. sg . gen | down |
| ‘Peeter dropped the glass.’ | |||
| Note: Phrasal verb (maha is not a flagging device). | |||
Finnish pudottaa
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka | pudott-i | lasi-n |
| pn . nom | drop- pst .3 sg | glass- gen |
| ‘Pekka dropped the glass.’ | ||
Forest Enets sumuɔjta
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | tʃaʃka-da | sumuɔjta-za |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | cup- obl . sg .3 sg | drop( pfv )-3 sg . so sg |
| ‘My friend dropped his cup’. | |||
German fallen lassen
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | hat | das | Glas | fallen | lassen |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | have. prs .3 sg | def . n . acc . sg | glas[ acc . sg ] | fall. inf | let. inf |
| ‘Karl dropped the glass.’ | |||||
Italian far cadere
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo | ha | fatto | cad-ere | un | bicchier-e |
| pn ( f ) | aux .3 sg . prs | make. pst . ptcp | fall- inf | indf . sg . m | glass- sg . m |
| ‘Leo dropped a glass.’ | |||||
Kazakh tüsіr
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya | staqan-dï | tüsіr-іp | al-dï |
| pn | glass- acc | drop- cvb | give- pst 1.3 sg |
| ‘Petya dropped the glass.’ | |||
Kazym Khanty iλ pawǝtti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pet’a-j-en | an | iλ | pawǝt-ǝs |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | cup | down | drop- pst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja dropped the cup.’ | |||
Latin demitto
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| di | qui | cael-o | demitti-tis | imbr-em |
| god( m ). nom . pl | which. nom . pl . m | heaven( n )- abl . sg | drop[ prs . ind ]- act .2 pl | rain( m )- acc . sg |
| ‘Gods who send down rain from the skies.’ | ||||
| Note: (Verg. Georg. I, 23) | ||||
Modern Hebrew hipil
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | hipil | et | ha | kos |
| pn | drop[ pst .3 sg . m ] | do | def | glass |
| ‘Pinchas dropped the glass.’ | ||||
Nanai tugbu-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | stakam-ba | tug-bu-xə-ni |
| pn | glass- obl | fall- caus - pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia dropped the glass.’ | ||
Nivkh ɣuсit
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik | stakan | ɣuсi-t |
| pn | glass | drop- ind |
| ‘Kaskazik dropped the glass.’ | ||
Norwegian Bokmål å miste
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | miste-t | glass-et | i | gulv-et |
| pn | lose- pst | glass- def . n . sg | in | floor- def . n . sg |
| ‘Per dropped the glass.’ | ||||
Polish upuścić
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Ann-a | upuści-ł-a | szklank-ę |
| pn - nom . sg | drop: pfv - pst - f .3 sg | glass- acc . sg |
| ‘Anna dropped the glass.’ | ||
Russian uronitʹ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | uroni-l | stakan |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | drop( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | glass( m )[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Petja dropped the glass.’ | ||
Rutul saɁ sipxur
| Valency pattern: APUD.EL_NOM |
| X: APUD.EL |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| rasul-da: | saɁ | s-i<p>xu-r | istek’an |
| pn - apud . el | down. lat | pv -<3>fall. pfv - cvb | glass( nom ) |
| ‘Rasul dropped the glass.’ | |||
Serbian ispala
| Valency pattern: DAT_NOM |
| X: DAT |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Petr-u | je | ispa-la | čaš-a |
| pn . dat . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | выпасть- part . perf . f . sg | стакан- nom . sg |
| ‘Петар уронил стакан.’ | |||
Shughni pitêwdow
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Azim=i | čaška | pitêw-d |
| pn =3 sg | cup | drop- pst |
| ‘Azim dropped the glass.’ | ||
Skolt Saami kõõččted
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | kõõččt-i | ståkkan |
| pn . sg . nom | drop- pst .3 sg | glass. sg . acc |
| ‘Pete dropped the glass.’ | ||
Slovenian spustiti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| An-a | je | spusti-l-a | kozarec |
| pn - nom . sg | aux .3 sg | drop: pfv - lpt - f . sg | glass[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Ana dropped the glass.’ | |||
Spanish dejar caer
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | dej-ó | caer | un | vaso |
| pn [ sg . m ] | allow- aor .3 sg | fall[ inf ] | art . ndef . sg . m | glass[ sg . m ] |
| ‘Pedro dropped a glass.’ | ||||
Swedish att tappa
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | tappa-de | glas-et |
| pn | lose- pst | glass- def . n . sg |
| ‘Björn dropped the glass.’ | ||
Turkish düşürmek
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | bardağ-ı | düşür-dü |
| pn | glass- acc | drop- pst |
| ‘Mehmet dropped the glass.’ | ||
Ulcha tugbu-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| xusə | piktə | čāmi-wa | tugbu-xə-ni |
| male | child | cup- acc | drop- pst -3 sg |
| ‘This boy dropped the glass.’ | |||
Zilo Andi <r>-ukː-oɬ.i
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| pat’imati-di | r-ukː-oɬ.i | istakan |
| pn - erg | inan 2-fall- caus . pst ( aor ) | glass[ inan 2][ nom ] |
| ‘Patimat dropped a glass.’ | ||