BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘drop’

Argument frame: X (drop) Y
Stimulus sentence: P. dropped the glass .
Predicate label Ru: ронять
Argument frame Ru: X (ронять) Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. уронил стакан .

Abaza ḳa-rə.ŝ

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
á-č’ḳʷən a-stakán ḳa-j-rə́-ŝ-d
def -boy def -glass loc -3 sg . m . erg - caus -fall( aor )- dcl
‘The boy dropped the glass.’

Aghul fatːarx.u-

Valency pattern: APUD.ELAT_ABS
X: APUD.ELAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
aslan.a-f-as istːik’an fatːarx.u-ne
pn - apud - elat glass { apud . elat }get. pf - aor
‘Aslan dropped the glass.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic manpəl

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
baxt-u munpəl-la stacan
woman( f )- p .3 m drop. pst - ls .3 f glass( m )
‘The woman dropped the glass.’

Brazilian Portuguese derrubar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro derrub-ou um copo
pn ( m ) topple-3 sg . pst indf glass( m )
‘Pedro toppled a glass.’

Catalan caure's

Valency pattern: DAT_SBJ
X: DAT
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
al Pere se li va cau-re el got
to. def . sg . m pn ( m ) refl .3 sg dat .3 sg go.3 sg . prs . ind fall- inf def . sg . m glass( m )
‘Pere dropped the glass.’

Czech upustit

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr upusti-l sklenic-i
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] drop( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] glass( f )- acc . sg
‘Petr dropped the glass.’

Danish tabe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter tab-te glass-et
pn drop- pst glass( n )- def . sg
‘Peter dropped the glass.’

Dutch laten vallen

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft een glas laten vallen
pn ( c ) have.3 sg art . indf glass( n ) let fall
‘Piet dropped a glass.’

Estonian maha pillama

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Peeter pilla-s klaasi maha
pn drop- pst .3 sg glass. sg . gen down
‘Peeter dropped the glass.’
Note: Phrasal verb (maha is not a flagging device).

Finnish pudottaa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Pekka pudott-i lasi-n
pn . nom drop- pst .3 sg glass- gen
‘Pekka dropped the glass.’

Forest Enets sumuɔjta

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
modʲi kasa-jʔ tʃaʃka-da sumuɔjta-za
i man- nom . sg .1 sg cup- obl . sg .3 sg drop( pfv )-3 sg . so sg
‘My friend dropped his cup’.

German fallen lassen

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl hat das Glas fallen lassen
pn [ nom . sg ] have. prs .3 sg def . n . acc . sg glas[ acc . sg ] fall. inf let. inf
‘Karl dropped the glass.’

Italian far cadere

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo ha fatto cad-ere un bicchier-e
pn ( f ) aux .3 sg . prs make. pst . ptcp fall- inf indf . sg . m glass- sg . m
‘Leo dropped a glass.’

Kazakh tüsіr

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya staqan-dï tüsіr-іp al-dï
pn glass- acc drop- cvb give- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya dropped the glass.’

Kazym Khanty iλ pawǝtti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pet’a-j-en an pawǝt-ǝs
pn - ep - poss .2 sg cup down drop- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja dropped the cup.’

Latin demitto

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
di qui cael-o demitti-tis imbr-em
god( m ). nom . pl which. nom . pl . m heaven( n )- abl . sg drop[ prs . ind ]- act .2 pl rain( m )- acc . sg
‘Gods who send down rain from the skies.’
Note: (Verg. Georg. I, 23)

Modern Hebrew hipil

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pinχas hipil et ha kos
pn drop[ pst .3 sg . m ] do def glass
‘Pinchas dropped the glass.’

Nanai tugbu-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia stakam-ba tug-bu-xə-ni
pn glass- obl fall- caus - pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia dropped the glass.’

Nivkh ɣuсit

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kaskazik stakan ɣuсi-t
pn glass drop- ind
‘Kaskazik dropped the glass.’

Norwegian Bokmål å miste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per miste-t glass-et i gulv-et
pn lose- pst glass- def . n . sg in floor- def . n . sg
‘Per dropped the glass.’

Polish upuścić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Ann-a upuści-ł-a szklank-ę
pn - nom . sg drop: pfv - pst - f .3 sg glass- acc . sg
‘Anna dropped the glass.’

Russian uronitʹ

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet-ja uroni-l stakan
pn ( m )- nom . sg drop( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] glass( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petja dropped the glass.’

Rutul saɁ sipxur

Valency pattern: APUD.EL_NOM
X: APUD.EL
Y: NOM
Locus: X
rasul-da: saɁ s-i<p>xu-r istek’an
pn - apud . el down. lat pv -<3>fall. pfv - cvb glass( nom )
‘Rasul dropped the glass.’

Serbian ispala

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petr-u je ispa-la čaš-a
pn . dat . sg быть. prs .3 sg выпасть- part . perf . f . sg стакан- nom . sg
‘Петар уронил стакан.’

Shughni pitêwdow

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Azim=i čaška pitêw-d
pn =3 sg cup drop- pst
‘Azim dropped the glass.’

Skolt Saami kõõččted

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peâtt kõõččt-i ståkkan
pn . sg . nom drop- pst .3 sg glass. sg . acc
‘Pete dropped the glass.’

Slovenian spustiti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
An-a je spusti-l-a kozarec
pn - nom . sg aux .3 sg drop: pfv - lpt - f . sg glass[ acc . sg ]
‘Ana dropped the glass.’

Spanish dejar caer

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro dej-ó caer un vaso
pn [ sg . m ] allow- aor .3 sg fall[ inf ] art . ndef . sg . m glass[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro dropped a glass.’

Swedish att tappa

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn tappa-de glas-et
pn lose- pst glass- def . n . sg
‘Björn dropped the glass.’

Turkish düşürmek

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Mehmet bardağ-ı düşür-dü
pn glass- acc drop- pst
‘Mehmet dropped the glass.’

Ulcha tugbu-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
xusə piktə čāmi-wa tugbu-xə-ni
male child cup- acc drop- pst -3 sg
‘This boy dropped the glass.’

Zilo Andi <r>-ukː-oɬ.i

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
pat’imati-di r-ukː-oɬ.i istakan
pn - erg inan 2-fall- caus . pst ( aor ) glass[ inan 2][ nom ]
‘Patimat dropped a glass.’