‘drop’
Argument frame: |
X
(drop)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
dropped
the glass
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
ронять
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(ронять)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
уронил
стакан
.
|
Abaza
ḳa-rə.ŝ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
á-č’ḳʷən |
a-stakán |
ḳa-j-rə́-ŝ-d |
def
-boy
|
def
-glass
|
loc
-3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-
caus
-fall(
aor
)-
dcl
|
‘The boy dropped the glass.’ |
Aghul
fatːarx.u-
Valency pattern:
APUD.ELAT_ABS
|
X: APUD.ELAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
aslan.a-f-as |
istːik’an |
fatːarx.u-ne |
pn
-
apud
-
elat
|
glass
|
{
apud
.
elat
}get.
pf
-
aor
|
‘Aslan dropped the glass.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
manpəl
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
baxt-u |
munpəl-la |
stacan |
woman(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
drop.
pst
-
ls
.3
f
|
glass(
m
)
|
‘The woman dropped the glass.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
derrubar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
derrub-ou |
um |
copo |
pn
(
m
)
|
topple-3
sg
.
pst
|
indf
|
glass(
m
)
|
‘Pedro toppled a glass.’ |
Catalan
caure's
Valency pattern:
DAT_SBJ
|
X: DAT |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
al |
Pere |
se |
li |
va |
cau-re |
el |
got |
to.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
refl
.3
sg
|
dat
.3
sg
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
fall-
inf
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
glass(
m
)
|
‘Pere dropped the glass.’ |
Czech
upustit
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr |
upusti-l |
sklenic-i |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
drop(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
glass(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petr dropped the glass.’ |
Danish
tabe
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
tab-te |
glass-et |
pn
|
drop-
pst
|
glass(
n
)-
def
.
sg
|
‘Peter dropped the glass.’ |
Dutch
laten vallen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
heeft |
een |
glas |
laten |
vallen |
pn
(
c
)
|
have.3
sg
|
art
.
indf
|
glass(
n
)
|
let
|
fall
|
‘Piet dropped a glass.’ |
Estonian
maha pillama
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Peeter |
pilla-s |
klaasi |
maha |
pn
|
drop-
pst
.3
sg
|
glass.
sg
.
gen
|
down
|
‘Peeter dropped the glass.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (maha is not a flagging device). |
Finnish
pudottaa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Pekka |
pudott-i |
lasi-n |
pn
.
nom
|
drop-
pst
.3
sg
|
glass-
gen
|
‘Pekka dropped the glass.’ |
Forest Enets
sumuɔjta
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
tʃaʃka-da |
sumuɔjta-za |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
cup-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
drop(
pfv
)-3
sg
.
so
sg
|
‘My friend dropped his cup’. |
German
fallen lassen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
hat |
das |
Glas |
fallen |
lassen |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
have.
prs
.3
sg
|
def
.
n
.
acc
.
sg
|
glas[
acc
.
sg
]
|
fall.
inf
|
let.
inf
|
‘Karl dropped the glass.’ |
Italian
far cadere
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
ha |
fatto |
cad-ere |
un |
bicchier-e |
pn
(
f
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
make.
pst
.
ptcp
|
fall-
inf
|
indf
.
sg
.
m
|
glass-
sg
.
m
|
‘Leo dropped a glass.’ |
Kazakh
tüsіr
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
staqan-dï |
tüsіr-іp |
al-dï |
pn
|
glass-
acc
|
drop-
cvb
|
give-
pst
1.3
sg
|
‘Petya dropped the glass.’ |
Kazym Khanty
iλ pawǝtti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en |
an |
iλ |
pawǝt-ǝs |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
cup
|
down
|
drop-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja dropped the cup.’ |
Latin
demitto
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
di |
qui |
cael-o |
demitti-tis |
imbr-em |
god(
m
).
nom
.
pl
|
which.
nom
.
pl
.
m
|
heaven(
n
)-
abl
.
sg
|
drop[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.2
pl
|
rain(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Gods who send down rain from the skies.’ |
Note: (Verg. Georg. I, 23) |
Modern Hebrew
hipil
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas |
hipil |
et |
ha |
kos |
pn
|
drop[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
def
|
glass
|
‘Pinchas dropped the glass.’ |
Nanai
tugbu-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
stakam-ba |
tug-bu-xə-ni |
pn
|
glass-
obl
|
fall-
caus
-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia dropped the glass.’ |
Nivkh
ɣuсit
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
stakan |
ɣuсi-t |
pn
|
glass
|
drop-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik dropped the glass.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å miste
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
miste-t |
glass-et |
i |
gulv-et |
pn
|
lose-
pst
|
glass-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
in
|
floor-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
‘Per dropped the glass.’ |
Polish
upuścić
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Ann-a |
upuści-ł-a |
szklank-ę |
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
drop:
pfv
-
pst
-
f
.3
sg
|
glass-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Anna dropped the glass.’ |
Russian
uronitʹ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja |
uroni-l |
stakan |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
drop(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
glass(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Petja dropped the glass.’ |
Rutul
saɁ sipxur
Valency pattern:
APUD.EL_NOM
|
X: APUD.EL |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
rasul-da: |
saɁ |
s-i<p>xu-r |
istek’an |
pn
-
apud
.
el
|
down.
lat
|
pv
-<3>fall.
pfv
-
cvb
|
glass(
nom
)
|
‘Rasul dropped the glass.’ |
Serbian
ispala
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Petr-u |
je |
ispa-la |
čaš-a |
pn
.
dat
.
sg
|
быть.
prs
.3
sg
|
выпасть-
part
.
perf
.
f
.
sg
|
стакан-
nom
.
sg
|
‘Петар уронил стакан.’ |
Shughni
pitêwdow
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Azim=i |
čaška |
pitêw-d |
pn
=3
sg
|
cup
|
drop-
pst
|
‘Azim dropped the glass.’ |
Skolt Saami
kõõččted
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
kõõččt-i |
ståkkan |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
drop-
pst
.3
sg
|
glass.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete dropped the glass.’ |
Slovenian
spustiti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
An-a |
je |
spusti-l-a |
kozarec |
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
aux
.3
sg
|
drop:
pfv
-
lpt
-
f
.
sg
|
glass[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Ana dropped the glass.’ |
Spanish
dejar caer
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
dej-ó |
caer |
un |
vaso |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
allow-
aor
.3
sg
|
fall[
inf
]
|
art
.
ndef
.
sg
.
m
|
glass[
sg
.
m
]
|
‘Pedro dropped a glass.’ |
Swedish
att tappa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
tappa-de |
glas-et |
pn
|
lose-
pst
|
glass-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
‘Björn dropped the glass.’ |
Turkish
düşürmek
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
bardağ-ı |
düşür-dü |
pn
|
glass-
acc
|
drop-
pst
|
‘Mehmet dropped the glass.’ |
Ulcha
tugbu-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
xusə |
piktə |
čāmi-wa |
tugbu-xə-ni |
male
|
child
|
cup-
acc
|
drop-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘This boy dropped the glass.’ |
Zilo Andi
<r>-ukː-oɬ.i
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
pat’imati-di |
r-ukː-oɬ.i |
istakan |
pn
-
erg
|
inan
2-fall-
caus
.
pst
(
aor
)
|
glass[
inan
2][
nom
]
|
‘Patimat dropped a glass.’ |