‘drive’
| Argument frame: | X (drive) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. is driving the cow (to the pasture). |
| Predicate label Ru: | гнать |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (гнать) Y -а |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. гонит корову (на пастбище). |
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| á-raχʷχč’a | a-ẑ | tə-j-c-ə́j-ṭ |
| def -herdsman | def -cow | loc -3 sg . m . erg -drive- prs - dcl |
| ‘The herdsman is driving the cow.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a | mal-ar | hik.a-a |
| pn ( erg ) | cattle- pl | drive. ipf - prs |
| ‘Aslan is driving the cattle.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| brata | +bəṭray=əla | tavərt-o | gu | +bukra |
| girl( f ) | drive. prog =3 f | cow( f )- p .3 f | in | herd( m ) |
| ‘The girl is driving the cow to the pasture’ (lit. ‘into the herd’). | ||||
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. | ||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | ti-za | taniŋa | nɛbe | kɔzuj-d |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | reindeer- nom . pl .3 sg | drive( ipfv ).3 sg . s | new | pasture- dat |
| ‘My friend is driving his reindeer to the new pasture’. | |||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | movil | et | ha | para |
| pn | drive[ ptcp . sg . m ] | do | def | cow |
| ‘Pinchas is driving the cow.’ | ||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | ixa-mba | sirgə-či | puŋiə-j-ni |
| pn | корова- obl | рёлка- dir | гнать- npst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Петя гонит корову на пастбище.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | jage-r | ku-a | på | beite |
| pn | drive- prs | cow- def . f . sg | on | pasture |
| ‘Per is driving the cow to the pasture.’ | ||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | gon-it | korov-u | na | pastbišč-e |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | drive( ipfv )- prs .3 sg | cow( f )- acc . sg | on | pasture( n )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petja is driving the cow to the pasture.’ | ||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a | zer | hi-w-irga-r=a |
| pn - erg | cow( nom ) | pv -3-drive. ipfv - cvb =be |
| ‘Rasul is driving the cow.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | laiʹddai | kuuzz |
| pn . sg . nom | lead. prs .3 sg | cow. sg . acc |
| ‘Pete is driving the cow (to the pasture).’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | žene | krav-o |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | drive: ipfv . prs .3 sg | cow- acc . sg |
| ‘Peter is driving the cow.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | driver | kon. |
| ‘Björn is driving the cow.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | ineğ-i | sür-üyor |
| pn | cow- acc | drive- prs |
| ‘Mehmet is driving the cow.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| xusə | piktə | ixa-wa | puŋə-č-i-ni |
| male | child | cow- acc | drive- iter -3 sg |
| ‘Мальчик гонит коров’. | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ali-di | ziw̃ | b-uqχ’.i-r | alaχil-ʔo |
| pn - erg | cow[ an ][ nom ] | an -displace. pst - prog | pasture- super . lat |
| ‘Ali drives the cow to the pasture.’ | |||