‘drink’
Argument frame: |
X
(drink)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
(P. was given a glass of milk by his mother.)
P.
drank
the milk
.
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(пить)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(Мама налила П. стакан молока)
П.
выпил
молоко
.
|
Abaza
ẑə
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
murád |
a-χš |
jə-ẑ-d |
pn
|
def
-milk
|
3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-drink(
aor
)-
dcl
|
‘Murad drank the milk.’ |
Aghul
uχ.u-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
aslan.a |
nekː |
uχ.u-ne |
pn
(
erg
)
|
milk
|
drink.
pf
-
aor
|
‘Aslan drank the milk.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
šatə
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
brata |
šti-la |
+xalva |
girl(
f
)
|
drink.
pst
-
ls
.3
f
|
milk(
m
)
|
‘The girl drank the milk.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
beber
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
beb-eu |
o |
leite |
pn
(
m
)
|
drink-3
sg
.
pst
|
def
.
m
|
milk(
f
)
|
‘Pedro drank the milk.’ |
Catalan
beure
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
va |
beure |
la |
llet |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
drink(
inf
)
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
milk(
f
)
|
‘Pere drank the milk.’ |
Czech
vypít
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr |
vypi-l |
mlék-o |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
drink(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
milk(
n
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petr drank the milk.’ |
Danish
drikke
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
drak |
mælk-en |
pn
|
drink.
pst
|
milk(
c
)-
def
.
sg
|
‘Peter drank the milk.’ |
Dutch
opdrinken
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
heeft |
melk |
op-ge-dronk-en |
pn
(
c
)
|
have.3
sg
|
milk(
c
)
|
up-
ptcp
-drink-
ptcp
|
‘Piet drank the milk.’ |
Estonian
jooma
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Peeter |
jõ-i |
piima |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
drink-
pst
.3
sg
|
milk.
sg
.
part
|
‘Peeter drank milk.’ |
Finnish
juoda
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Pekka |
joi |
maido-n |
pn
.
nom
|
drink.
pst
.3
sg
|
milk-
gen
|
‘Pekka drank the milk.’ |
Forest Enets
ixuru
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
kasa-jʔ |
tetʃi-za |
biz |
ixura |
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
be_cold(
ipfv
)-
ptcp
.
sim
|
water.
obl
|
drink(
pfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘My friend drank cold water’. |
German
trinken
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
trank |
Milch |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
drink.
pst
.3
sg
|
milk[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl drank milk.’ |
Italian
bere
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
ha |
bevuto |
il |
latt-e |
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
drink.
pst
.
ptcp
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
milk-
sg
.
m
|
‘Leo drank the milk.’ |
Kazakh
іš
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
süt-tі |
іš-tі |
pn
|
milk-
acc
|
drink-
pst
1.3
sg
|
‘Petya drank the milk.’ |
Kazym Khanty
jańśi
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en |
ԑsǝm |
jiŋk |
jańś-əs |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
udder
|
water
|
drink-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja drank the milk.’ |
Latin
bibo
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Cassi-us |
tot-a |
vit-a |
aqu-am |
bib-it |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
whole-
abl
.
sg
.
f
|
life(
f
)-
abl
.
sg
|
water(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
drink[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
‘Cassius drank water all his life.’ |
Note: (Sen. Ep. 83, 12) |
Modern Hebrew
ʃata
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas |
ʃata |
et |
ha |
χalav |
pn
|
drink[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
def
|
milk
|
‘Pinchas drank the milk.’ |
Nanai
omi-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
moloko-wa |
ome-xa-ni |
pn
|
milk-
obl
|
drink-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia drank the milk.’ |
Nivkh
rad
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
mоlоkо |
+ |
ra-d |
pn
|
milk
|
+
|
drink-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik drank the milk.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å drikke opp
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
drakk |
melk-en |
opp |
pn
|
drink.
pst
|
milk-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
up
|
‘Per drank the milk.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (opp is not a flagging device). |
Polish
wypić
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Staszek |
wypi-ł |
mlek-o |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
drink:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
milk-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Staszek drank the milk.’ |
Russian
vypitʹ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja |
vypi-l |
molok-o |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
drink(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
milk(
n
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petja drank the milk.’ |
Rutul
waraˁʁɨˁra
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
rasul-a |
nek |
wa-raˁʁɨˁ-r=a |
pn
-
erg
|
milk(
nom
)
|
3-drink.
pfv
-
cvb
=be
|
‘Rasul drank the milk.’ |
Serbian
popio
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
je |
popi-o |
mlek-o |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
быть.
prs
.3
sg
|
выпить-
part
.
perf
.М.
sg
|
молоко-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Петар выпил молоко.’ |
Shughni
birêx̌tow
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Lola=yi |
x̌ūvd |
birox̌-t |
pn
=3
sg
|
milk
|
drink-
pst
|
‘Lola drank the milk.’ |
Skolt Saami
juukkâd
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
juuǥǥ-i |
mieʹlǩ |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
drink-
pst
.3
sg
|
milk.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete drank the milk.’ |
Slovenian
spiti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
je |
spi-l |
mlek-o |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
drink:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
milk-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Peter drank the milk.’ |
Spanish
tomarse
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
se |
ha |
toma-do |
la |
leche |
pn
[
sg
]
|
refl
.3
sg
|
aux
.3
sg
|
take-
ptcp
:
prf
|
art
.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
milk[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro drank the milk.’ |
Swedish
att dricka
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
drack |
mjölk-en |
pn
|
drink.
pst
|
milk-
def
.
c
.
sg
|
‘Björn drank the milk.’ |
Turkish
içmek
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
suy-u |
iç-ti |
pn
|
water-
acc
|
drink-
pst
|
‘Mehmet drank the water’. |
Ulcha
umi-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
piktə |
moloko-wa |
čupal |
umu-xa-ni |
child
|
milk-
acc
|
whole
|
drink-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘This child drank all the milk.’ |
Zilo Andi
ts’ad.i
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
ali-di |
ʃiw̃ |
ts’ad.i |
pn
-
erg
|
milk[
inan
2][
nom
]
|
drink.
pst
(
aor
)
|
‘Ali has drunk the milk.’ |