BivalTyp

Show Russian meta:

‘dream (sleeping)’

Argument frame:

X (dream) about Y

Stimulus sentence:

(P. sleeps) P. dreams about M .

Predicate label Ru:

сниться

Argument frame Ru:

X -у (сниться) Y

Stimulus sentence Ru:

П. снится М .

Abaza aj.pχəz

Valency pattern: ABS_IO

X: ABS

Y: IO

Locus: Y

murád	zaréma	d-l-áj.pχəz-əj-ṭ
pn	pn	3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . f . io -dream- prs - dcl
‘Murad dreams about Zarema.’

Adyghe pč̣ʼəhew λeʁʷə

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

č̣ʼale-m	pŝaŝe-r	pčʼəhəṗ-ew	j-e-λeʁʷə
парень- obl	девушка- abs	сон- adv	3 sg . erg - dyn -видеть
‘Девушка снится парню.’

Aghul agʷ.a- ʡemk’.e-k-as

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

aslan.a-s	meʜemed	agʷ.a-a	ʡemk’.e-k-as
pn - dat	pn	see. ipf - prs	dream- sub / cont - elat
‘Aslan dreams about Muhammad.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic xazə bi xulma

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

+avvo	yala	bi	xulm-u	xəzy-a-l	baxt-u
dem 3. m	boy( m )	with	dream( m )- p .3 m	see. pst - ss .3 f - ls .3 m	woman( f )- p .3 m
‘This guy dreams about his wife.’

Bambara sùgo

Valency pattern: SBJ_la

X: SBJ

Y: la

Locus: Y

Sékù	sùgo-ra	Fántà	lá
pn	dream- pfv . intr	pn	in
‘Seku dreamt of Fanta.’

Brazilian Portuguese sonhar

Valency pattern: SBJ_com

X: SBJ

Y: com

Locus: Y

Pedro	sonh-a	com	Maria
pn ( m )	dream-3 sg . prs	with	pn ( f )
‘Pedro is dreaming about Maria.’

Catalan somiar

Valency pattern: SBJ_amb

X: SBJ

Y: amb

Locus: Y

en	Pere	somi-a	amb	la	Maria
def . sg . m	pn ( m )	dream-3 sg . prs . ind	with	def . sg . f	pn ( f )
‘Pere dreams about Maria.’

Czech zdát se

Valency pattern: NOM_oLOC

X: NOM

Y: oLOC

Locus: Y

Petr-ovi	se	zdá	o	Michal-ovi
pn ( m )- dat . sg	refl . acc	dream( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	about	pn ( m )- loc . sg
‘Petr dreams about Michal.’

Danish drømme

Valency pattern: SBJ_om

X: SBJ

Y: om

Locus: Y

Peter	drømme-r	om	Marie
pn	dream- prs	about	pn
‘Peter dreams about Marie.’

Dutch dromen

Valency pattern: SBJ_over

X: SBJ

Y: over

Locus: Y

Marie	droom-t	over	Piet
pn ( c )	dream-3 sg	about	pn ( c )
‘Marie dreams about Piet.’

Eastern Maninka sìbo

Valency pattern: SBJ_la

X: SBJ

Y: la

Locus: Y

Sékù	yé	sìbo-la	Fántà	la.
pn	be	dream- inf . la	pn	at
‘Seku dreamed of Fanta.’

English dream

Valency pattern: SBJ_about

X: SBJ

Y: about

Locus: Y

Peter	dreams	about	Mary.

Estonian und nägema

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA

X: NOM

Y: ELA

Locus: Y

Peeter	näe-b	Mareti-st	und
pn . sg . nom	see- prs .3 sg	pn - ela	dream. sg . part
‘Peeter dreams about Maret.’

Finnish nähdä unta

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA

X: NOM

Y: ELA

Locus: Y

Pekka	näk-ee	un-ta	Mati-sta
pn . nom	see- prs .3 sg	dream- part	pn - ela
‘Pekka dreams about Matti.’

Forest Enets dʲukoneda mɔdee

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

modʲi	kasa-jʔ	dʲu-kone-da	ese-da	mɔdee-ubi
i	man- nom . sg .1 sg	dream- loc . sg - obl . sg .3 sg	father- obl . sg .3 sg	see( ipfv )- hab .3 sg . s
‘My friend dreams about his father’.

French rêver

Valency pattern: SBJ_de

X: SBJ

Y: de

Locus: Y

Paul	rêve	de	Marie
pn ( m )	dream. prs .3 sg	of	pn ( f )
‘Paul dreams about Marie.’

Georgian Ø-e-sizmr-eb-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

p'et're-s	mašo-Ø	Ø-e-sizmr-eb-a
pn - dat	pn - nom	io 3- ver : r -dream- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Petre dreams about Masho.’

German träumen

Valency pattern: NOM_vonDAT

X: NOM

Y: vonDAT

Locus: Y

Karl	träum-t	von	Marie
pn [ nom . sg ]	dream- prs .3 sg	of	pn [ dat . sg ]
‘Karl dreams about Marie.’

Irish taibhrigh

Valency pattern: SBJ_mar.gheall.ar

X: SBJ

Y: mar.gheall.ar

Locus: Y

Tá	Máire	ag	taibhreamh	mar_gheall_air	Peter.
be. prs	pn	at	dream. nmlz	with.respect.to	pn
‘Pól dreams about Máire.’
Note: The verb is nominalized as part of the progressive construction.

Italian sognare

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Leo	sogn-a	Maria
pn ( m )	dream-3 sg . prs	pn ( f )
‘Leo is dreaming of Maria.’

Kalderash Romani sykaďol ando suno

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

ə	Marijk-a	sykaďo-l	le	Murš-askə	and-o	sun-o
art . f . dir . sg	pn - nom . sg	appear- prs .3 sg	art . m . obl	pn - dat . sg	in- art . m . dir . sg	dream- nom . sg
‘Murša dreams about Marijka.’

Kazakh tüs-і-ne kіr

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petya-ɣa	Maša	tüs-і-ne	kіr-edі
pn - dat	pn	dream- poss 3- dat	enter- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya dreams about Masha.’

Kazym Khanty wǫλmiti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

pet’a-j-en	maša-j-ǝλ	wǫλmi-s
pn - ep - poss .2 sg	pn - ep - poss .3 sg	see_in_dream- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja dreams about Maša.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

šamil	małła-ł	ak'a-ha	išate-l
pn	сон( v )- inter	[ i ]идти- prs	мать. o - dat
‘Шамиль снится матери.’
Note: Букв. Шамиль приходит во сне матери.

Kina Rutul neq’ʲe ʁarurgara

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

rasul-u-s	neq’ʲ-e	ʁa-ru-rga-r=a	asijet
pn - obl - dat	dream. obl - in	pv -2-see. ipfv - cvb =be	pn ( nom )
‘Rasul dreams about Asijat.’

Latin somnio

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

proxim-a	noct-e	somnia-v-it	speci-em	Fortun-ae
previous- abl . sg . f	night( f )- abl . sg	dream- prf - ind . act .3 sg	face( f )- acc . sg	pn ( f )- gen . sg
‘Previous night he dreamt of Fortuna’s face.’
Note: (Suet. Gal. 18, 2)

Mandarin Chinese mèng-jiàn

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Zhāngsān	mèng-jiàn	le	Lǐsì
pn	dream-see	pfv	pn
‘Zhangsan dreams about Lisi.’

Mingrelian Ø-o-sizmar-un-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_ERG

X: DAT

Y: ERG

Locus: X

čelo-s	anučia-Ø	Ø-o-sizmar-u(n)-Ø.
pn - dat	pn - nom	io 3- ver : sup -dream- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Chelo dreams about Anuchia.’
Note: This verb is a recent borrowing from Georgian.

Modern Hebrew χolem-et

Valency pattern: SBJ_al

X: SBJ

Y: al

Locus: Y

Pinχas	χolem	al	Mirjam
pn	dream[ ptcp . sg . m ]	on	pn
‘Pinchas dreams about Miriam.’

Nanai tolkiči-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Petia	Maša-wa	tolki.či-ni
pn	pn - obl	dream. ipfv . npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia dreams about Masha.’

Nivkh tʰəid

Valency pattern: DAT/ADD_SBJ

X: DAT/ADD

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

Kaskazik	Ajsana-rоχ	tʰəi-d
pn	pn - dat / add	dream- ind
‘Ajsana dreams about Kaskazik.’

Northern Mansi ulmajas

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

am	ulmaj-as-um	am-ki	iškōla-m
1 sg	dream- pst -1 sg	1 sg - emph	school- poss .1 sg
‘I dreamt about my school.’

Northern Yukaghir nуŋnīnˈ=

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Sǝmiǝn	Əkulˈǝ	nuŋnī-nˈ-mǝ-lǝ
pn	pn	dream- prop - tr - of .3. sg
‘Semien dreams about Akulina.’

Norwegian Bokmål å drømme

Valency pattern: SBJ_om

X: SBJ

Y: om

Locus: Y

Per	drømme-r	om	Kari
pn	dream- prs	about	pn
‘Per dreams about Kari.’

Polish śnić się

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Roman-owi	śni	się	Matk-a	Bosk-a
pn - dat . sg	dream: ipfv . prs .3 sg	refl	mother- nom . sg	god’s- f . nom . sg
‘Roman dreams about Virgin Mary.’

Russian snitʹsja

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Pet-e	sn-it-sja	Maš-a
pn ( m )- dat . sg	see_in_a_dream( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl	pn ( f )- nom . sg
‘Petja dreams about Maša.’

Serbian sanjati

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petar	sanja	Marij-u
pn . nom . sg	see_in_dream. prs .3 sg	pn - acc . sg
‘Petar dreams about Maria.’

Shughni xūδm-and wīntow

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Azim	Lola	xu	xūδm-and	wīn-t
pn	pn	refl	dream- loc	see-3 sg
‘Azim dreams about Lola.’

Skolt Saami niõǥǥeed

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC

X: NOM

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

Mäʹrjj	niõǥǥad	Peâtt-ast
pn . sg . nom	dream. prs .3 sg	pn - sg . loc
‘Maria dreams about Pete’

Slovak snívať

Valency pattern: NOM_oLOC

X: NOM

Y: oLOC

Locus: Y

Peter	sníva	o	Mári-i
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	dream( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	about	pn ( f )- loc . sg
‘Peter dreams about Maria.’

Slovenian sanjati

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peter	je	sanja-l	Devic-o	Marij-o
pn [ nom . sg ]	aux .3 sg	dream: ipfv - lpt [ m . sg ]	virgin- acc . sg	pn - acc . sg
‘Peter dreams about Virgin Mary.’

Sorani Kurdish xewin dîtin

Valency pattern: SBJ_be.we

X: SBJ

Y: be.we

Locus: Y

Hîwa	xewn	be	Perî-î-we	de-bîn-ê
pn	dream	to	pn - obl -to	ind -see. prs -3 sg
‘Hiwa dreams about Pari.’

Spanish soñar

Valency pattern: SBJ_con

X: SBJ

Y: con

Locus: Y

Pedro	sueñ-a	con	María
pn [ sg . m ]	dream- prs .3 sg	with	pn [ sg . f ]
‘Pedro is dreaming about Maria.’

Swedish att drömma

Valency pattern: SBJ_om

X: SBJ

Y: om

Locus: Y

Maja	drömm-er	om	Björn
pn	dream- prs	about	pn
‘Maja dreams about Björn.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: ACT_LOC

X: ACT

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

Na-pa~panaginip-an	ni	Pedro	si	Maria
potpv . ipfv ~dream- lv	pers . gen	pn	pers . subj	pn
‘Pedro dreams about Maria.’
Note: ??? Can you change the voice and turn Pedro into the subject here?

Telugu kalalu kanu

Valency pattern: NOM_OBLgurinci

X: NOM

Y: OBLgurinci

Locus: Y

pravīṇ	nidra-lō	madhuri	guriṁci	kala-lu	kaṁtunnāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom	sleep( n ). sg . obl - loc	pn ( f ). sg . obl	about	dream( n )- pl . nom	perceive. dur .3 sg . m
‘Praveen dreams about Madhuri.’

Turkish rüyasında görmek

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Mehmet	rüya-sı-nda	Filiz-i	gör-üyor
pn	dream- p .3- loc	pn - acc	see- prs
‘Mehmet dreams about Filiz.’

Ulcha tolčiči-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

bi	əj	piktə-wə	sup	tolči-č-i-ji
i	this	child- acc	all_the_time	dream- iter - prs -3 sg
‘I dream about this boy all the time.’

Uzbek tušiga kirmoq

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM

X: GEN

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petya-niŋ	tuš-i-ga	Maša	kir-di
pn - gen	dream- poss .3 sg - dat	pn	enter- pst .3 sg
‘Petja dreams about Maša.’
Note: The experiencer NP has some properties of a clause-level constituent.

West Central Oromo abdʒata

Valency pattern: NOM_waa7eeGEN

X: NOM

Y: waa7eeGEN

Locus: Y

obsaa-n	waaʔee	boontuu	abdʒat-a
pn - nom	about	pn . gen	dream-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘Obsa deams about Bontu.’

Zilo Andi motɬ’i-tɬi ha-ʔ.o-r

Valency pattern: AFF_NOM

X: AFF

Y: NOM

Locus: X

pat’imati-<j>o	motɬ’i-tɬi	haʔ.o-r	marjam
pn - aff < f >	dream- inter	see. pst - prog	pn [ f ][ nom ]
‘Patimat dreams of Mariam.’