‘dismount’
| Argument frame: | X (get down) from Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. got down from the horse . |
| Predicate label Ru: | слезать |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (слезать) с Y -a (с лошади) |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. слез с лошади . |
Abaza ʕa-[ḳ.nə-]c̣ə
| Valency pattern: ABS_LOCkne |
| X: ABS |
| Y: LOCkne |
| Locus: Y |
| a-č-kʷá | ŝ-ʕa-r-ḳ.nə́-m-c̣ə-n |
| def -horse- pl | 2 pl . abs - cisl -3 pl . io - loc - neg -pass- neg . imp |
| ‘Don’t get down from the horses!’ | |
Aghul alajč’.u-
| Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER.ELAT |
| X: ABS |
| Y: SUPER.ELAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan | ʜajwan.di-l-as | alajč’.u-ne |
| pn | horse- super - elat | { super }emerge. pf - aor |
| ‘Aslan got down from the horse.’ | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +salə
| Valency pattern: SBJ_men |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: men |
| Locus: Y |
| +avvo | naša | +sli-lə | mən | suysa |
| dem 3. m | person( m ) | descend. pst - ls .3 m | from | horse( m ) |
| ‘This man got down from the horse.’ | ||||
Brazilian Portuguese desmontar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_de |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | desmont-a | do | cavalo |
| pn ( m ) | dismount-3 sg . prs | of+ def . m | horse( m ) |
| ‘Pedro dismounted the horse.’ | |||
Catalan baixar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_de |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| en | Pere | va | baix-ar | del | cavall |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | go.3 sg . prs . ind | go_down- inf | of. def . sg . m | horse( m ) |
| ‘Pere got down from the horse.’ | |||||
Czech seskočit
| Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: zGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr | seskoči-l | z | kon-ě |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | jump_off( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | from | horse( m )- gen . sg |
| ‘Petr jumped off the horse.’ | |||
Danish stige af
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | steg | af | hest-en |
| pn | climb- pst | off | horse( c )- def . sg |
| ‘Peter got down from the horse.’ | |||
Dutch afsteigen
| Valency pattern: SBJ_van |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: van |
| Locus: Y |
| Piet | steig-t | van | het | paard | af |
| pn ( c ) | get.down-3 sg | from | art . def . n | horse( n ) | of |
| ‘Piet got down from the horse.’ | |||||
Estonian maha tulema
| Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter | tul-i | hobuse-lt | maha |
| pn . sg . nom | come- pst .3 sg | horse- abl | down |
| ‘Peeter got down from the horse.’ | |||
| Note: Phrasal verb (maha is not a flagging device). | |||
Finnish laskeutua
| Valency pattern: NOM_ELA |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ELA |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka | laskeutu-i | hevose-n | selä-stä |
| pn . nom | dismount- pst .3 sg | horse- gen | back- ela |
| ‘Pekka got down from the horse.’ | |||
Forest Enets kaʔa
| Valency pattern: NOM_OBLniz |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBLniz |
| Locus: Y |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | buranu-da | nʲi-z | dʲa | nʲi-ʔ | kaʔ-e-zʔ |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | snowmobile- obl . sg .3 sg | surface- abl | place | surface- dat | come_down( pfv )- m -3 sg . m |
| ‘My friend got down from the snowmobile to the ground’. | ||||||
German absteigen
| Valency pattern: NOM_vonDAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: vonDAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Karl | steig-t | vom | Pferd | ab |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | rise- prs .3 sg | of. def . n . dat . sg | horse[ dat . sg ] | from |
| ‘Karl got down from the horse.’ | ||||
Italian smontare
| Valency pattern: SBJ_da |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: da |
| Locus: Y |
| Leo | è | smontat-o | dal | cavall-o |
| pn ( m ) | aux .3 sg . prs | dismounted. pst . ptcp - sg . m | by. def . sg . m | horse- sg . m |
| ‘Leo dismounted the horse.’ | ||||
Kazakh tüs
| Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya | at-tan | tüs-tі |
| pn | horse- abl | descend- pst 1.3 sg |
| ‘Petya got down from the horse.’ | ||
Kazym Khanty (iλ) wɔχǝλti
| Valency pattern: NOM_NOMewelt |
| X: NOM |
| Y: NOMewelt |
| Locus: Y |
| pet’a-j-en | λɔw | ewǝλt | (iλ) | wɔχλ-ǝs |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | horse | from | (down) | descend- pst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja got down from the horse.’ | ||||
Latin descendo
| Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| quibus | de | caus-is | Sull-am | dictator-em | un-i | sibi | descend-ere | equ-o |
| which. abl . pl | of | cause( f )- abl . pl | pn ( m )- acc . sg | disctator( m )- acc . sg | one- dat . m | refl . dat | dismount[ prs ]- inf . act | horse( m )- abl . sg |
| ‘For these reasons Sulla the dictator used to only dismount from a horse before him. ’ | ||||||||
| Note: (Sal. Hist. V, 20, 2) | ||||||||
Modern Hebrew jarad
| Valency pattern: SBJ_mi |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: mi |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas | jarad | me | ha | sus |
| pn | descend[ pst .3 sg . m ] | from | def | horse |
| ‘Pinchas got down from the horse.’ | ||||
Nanai xulun-
| Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia | moren | oja-ǯea-ni | xuluŋ-ki-ni |
| pn | horse | surface- abl - p .3 sg | go_down- pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia got down from the horse.’ | |||
| Note: The ablative marker can also be attached attached directly to the Y-argument (‘the horse’). | |||
Nivkh caqrd
| Valency pattern: SBJ_LOC/ABL |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: LOC/ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Kaskazik | murŋ-ux | caqr-d |
| pn | horse- loc / abl | jump- ind |
| ‘Kaskazik got down from the horse.’ | ||
Norwegian Bokmål å stige av
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | steg | av | hest-en |
| pn | climb. pst | of | horse- def . m . sg |
| ‘Per got down from the horse.’ | |||
| Note: Phrasal verb (av is not a flagging device). | |||
Polish zejść
| Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: zGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Jacek | zszed-ł | z | koni-a |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | go_down: pfv \ pst - pst [ m .3 sg ] | from | horse- gen . sg |
| ‘Jacek got down from the horse.’ | |||
Russian sleztʹ
| Valency pattern: NOM_sGEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: sGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja | slez | s | lošad-i |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | dismount( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] | from | horse( f )- gen . sg |
| ‘Petja got down from the horse.’ | |||
Rutul saɁ seč’ura
| Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUP.EL |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul | hejwan-a-la | saɁ | s-e-č’u-r=a |
| pn ( nom ) | horse- obl ( sup )- el | down. lat | pv - pv -1.get.down. pfv - cvb =be |
| ‘Rasul got down from the horse.’ | |||
Serbian sišao
| Valency pattern: NOM_sGEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: sGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar | je | siša-o | s | konj-a |
| pn . nom . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | сойти- part . perf .М. sg | с | конь- gen . sg |
| ‘Петар слез с лошади.’ | ||||
Shughni xāvdow
| Valency pattern: NOM_EL-SUP |
| X: NOM |
| Y: EL-SUP |
| Locus: Y |
| Azim | as | vorǰ-ti | xāv-d |
| pn | el | horse- sup | descend- pst |
| ‘Azim got down from the horse.’ | |||
Skolt Saami luâšttõõttâd
| Valency pattern: NOM_LOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt | luâšttõõđ-i | (vuâlas) | heäppaz | sieʹlj-est |
| pn . sg . nom | descend- pst .3 sg | (downwards) | horse. sg . gen | back- sg . loc |
| ‘Pete got down from the horse.’ | ||||
Slovenian zlesti
| Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: zGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter | je | zleze-l | s | konj-a |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | dismount: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | from | horse- gen . sg |
| ‘Peter got down from the horse.’ | ||||
Spanish apearse
| Valency pattern: SBJ_de |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: de |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | se | ape-ó | de=l | caballo |
| pn [ sg . m ] | refl .3 sg | dismount- aor .3 sg | from= art . def . sg . m | horse[ sg . m ] |
| ‘Pedro got down from the horse.’ | ||||
Swedish att kliva av
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | klev | av | häst-en |
| pn | climb. pst | of | horse- def . c . sg |
| ‘Björn got down from the horse.’ | |||
| Note: Phrasal verb (av is not a flagging device). | |||
Turkish inmek
| Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet | at-tan | in-di |
| pn | horse- abl | descend- pst |
| ‘Mehmet got down from the horse.’ | ||
Ulcha xulunǯu-
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| ama | murin-ǯi | xulun-ǯu-xə-ni |
| father | horse- ins | climb_out- rep - pst -3 sg |
| ‘Father got down from the horse.’ | ||
Zilo Andi <w>-utɬ.i hitɬ’u
| Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.EL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUPER.EL |
| Locus: Y |
| ali | w-utɬ.i | k’otu-ʔa-kːu | hitɬ’u |
| pn [ m ][ nom ] | m -come_down. pst ( aor ) | horse- super - el | down |
| ‘Ali got off the horse.’ | |||