BivalTyp

‘dismount’

Argument frame: X (get down) from Y
Stimulus sentence: P. got down from the horse .
Predicate label Ru: слезать
Argument frame Ru: X (слезать) с Y -a (с лошади)
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. слез с лошади .

Abaza ʕa-[ḳ.nə-]c̣ə

Valency pattern: ABS_LOCkne
X: ABS
Y: LOCkne
Locus: Y
a-č-kʷá ŝ-ʕa-r-ḳ.nə́-m-c̣ə-n
def -horse- pl 2 pl . abs - cisl -3 pl . io - loc - neg -pass- neg . imp
‘Don’t get down from the horses!’

Adyghe (West Circassian) q-je-psə.xə-

Valency pattern: ABS_DAT
X: ABS
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
seldatə-r šə-m q-je-psə-xə-ʁ
soldier- abs horse- obl csl -3 sg . io + dat -dismount- down - pst
‘The soldier got down from the horse.’

Aghul alajč’.u-

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER.ELAT
X: ABS
Y: SUPER.ELAT
Locus: Y
aslan ʜajwan.di-l-as alajč’.u-ne
pn horse- super - elat { super }emerge. pf - aor
‘Aslan got down from the horse.’

Akhvakh (Northern) geƛ’ƛ’a χχeruruƛa

Valency pattern: NOM_EL
X: NOM
Y: EL
Locus: Y
pataħi xwana-gu geƛ’ƛ’a χχer-ari
pn horse. obl - el down climb- aor
‘Patahi got down from the horse.’
Note: The elative marker "-gu" is interchangeable with "-gune".

Andi (Zilo) <w>-utɬ.i hitɬ’u

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.EL
Locus: Y
ali w-utɬ.i k’otu-ʔa-kːu hitɬ’u
pn [ m ][ nom ] m -come_down. pst ( aor ) horse- super - el down
‘Ali got off the horse.’

Arabic (Northern Syrian) traǧǧal

Valency pattern: SBJ_men
X: SBJ
Y: men
Locus: Y
Aḥmad traǧǧal m=əl-ḥsān
pn dismount. pf .3 m from- def -horse
‘Ahmad dismounted from the horse.’

Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth) n.z.l

Valency pattern: SBJ_an
X: SBJ
Y: an
Locus: Y
Shadi nizel ʿan li-ḥṣān
pn get.down. pst .3 m . sg about def -house
‘Shadi got down from the horse.’

Arabic (standard) nazala

Valency pattern: NOM_minGEN
X: NOM
Y: minGEN
Locus: Y
Badr-un nazala min al-faras-i
pn - nom descend. pf .3 m from def -horse- gen
‘Badr got down from the horse.’

Archi a-χːˁas

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUP.EL
Locus: Y
paša noˁši-tːi-š u<w>χːˁu
pn horse. o bl- sup - el <1>go.down. pfv
‘Pasha got down from the horse.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +salə

Valency pattern: SBJ_men
X: SBJ
Y: men
Locus: Y
+avvo naša +sli-lə mən suysa
dem 3. m person( m ) descend. pst - ls .3 m from horse( m )
‘This man got down from the horse.’

Avar ʁorƛ’e ɬuhine

Valency pattern: NOM_EL
X: NOM
Y: EL
Locus: Y
ʕali čo-dasa ʁorƛ’e ɬuh-ana
pn horse. obl - el down. lat enter- aor
‘Ali got down from the horse.’

Azerbaijani düşmək

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Aslan at-dan düş-dü
pn horse- abl descend- pst (3)
‘Aslan got down from the horse.’

Bafut sᵼ́gə̂

Valency pattern: SBJ_a.ndim
X: SBJ
Y: ndim
Locus: Y
àmbɛ́ à kɨ̀ sᵼ́gə̂ á ǹdím léŋə́ wá
pn sm p 2 descend at back/ prep horse def
‘Ambe got down from the horse.’

Bambara jìgin

Valency pattern: SBJ_kan
X: SBJ
Y: kan
Locus: Y
Sékù jìgin-na kà bɔ́ fàli` kàn
pn descend- pfv . intr inf go.out donkey\ art on
‘Seku got down from the donkey.’

Belarusian zliezci

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Alieś zliez z kan-ja
pn [ nom . sg ] dismount( pfv ). pst . sg . m from_on horse- gen . sg
‘Ales got down from the horse.’

Budugh eşi

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
aslan xilğıld-a'r eşe-ci
pn horse. obl - abl m .dismount. pf - aor
‘Aslan got down from the horse.’

Bulgarian сляза

Valency pattern: SBJ_ot
X: SBJ
Y: ot
Locus: Y
Петър слезе от кон-я
pn go_down( pfv ). aor .3 sg from horse- def . acc . m . sg
‘Petar got down from the horse.’

Catalan baixar

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
en Pere va baix-ar del cavall
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind go_down- inf of. def . sg . m horse( m )
‘Pere got down from the horse.’

Chechen vozh-AGR-oessa-

Valency pattern: ABS_tera
X: ABS
Y: tera
Locus: Y
Islam gour t’era vozh-v-oessa-na
pn . abs horse from down- v -get- prf
‘Islam got down from the horse.’

Chinese (Mandarin) xià

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān xià le mǎ
pn go_down pfv horse
‘Zhangsan got down from the horse.’

Chirag čerk-b-i

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.ELAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.ELAT
Locus: Y
ʡa̰le urč-u-rka če-r-k-eb
pn ( abs ) horse- obl ( super )- elat super - elat - down -( m . sg )sit: pf + aor .3
‘Ali got down from the horse.’

Croatian sjahati

Valency pattern: NOM_sGEN
X: NOM
Y: sGEN
Locus: Y
Per-o je sjaha-o s konj-a
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg go_down- part . perf . m . sg from_on horse- gen . sg
‘Pero got down from the horse.’

Czech seskočit

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Petr seskoči-l z kon-ě
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] jump_off( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] from horse( m )- gen . sg
‘Petr jumped off the horse.’

Danish stige af

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter steg af hest-en
pn climb. pst off horse( c )- def . sg
‘Peter got down from the horse.’

Dargwa (Itsari) či-r-ka-B-uq-anaj

Valency pattern: ABS_ELAT
X: ABS
Y: ELAT
Locus: Y
Islam jaˤbu-li-r či-r-ka-wq-un
pn ( abs ) horse- obl - el on - el - down -( m )climb. pfv - aor
‘Islam got down from the horse.’

Dargwa (Kadar) xura-CL-uh-es / xura-CL-ur-es

Valency pattern: NOM_EL
X: NOM
Y: EL
Locus: Y
meħamad jabu-l-zaka xura-0-uh-ub
pn horse- obl - el getting_off- m -become. pfv - pret
‘Muhammad got down from the horse.’

Dargwa (Kaytag) kurč:’ara

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEREL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEREL
Locus: Y
Petja aˁbu-jt:ar kurč:’-iv
pn horse- superel dismount. pf - aor (3)
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

Dargwa (Kubachi)

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPERABL
X: NOM
Y: SUPERABL
Locus: Y
gal uči-ži-l či-ka-w-q-in
boy horse- super - abl on - abl . down - m -move. pfv -3. aor
‘The boy got down from the horse.’

Dargwa (Tsudakhar) ka-b-ac'-iz/ka-b-ic'-iz

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.ABL1
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.ABL1
Locus: Y
uršːi urči-ja-la k-ac'-ib
boy horse- super - abl 1 down -( m )fall. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy got down from the horse.’

Dargwa (Tsugni) če-rka-b-uq-i / če-rka-b-ulq-i

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.ABL.DOWN
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.ABL.DOWN
Locus: Y
durħaˤ urči-ge-rka če-rka-uq-un
boy horse- super - abl . down on - abl . down -( m )move. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy got down from the horse.’

Dutch afsteigen

Valency pattern: SBJ_van
X: SBJ
Y: van
Locus: Y
Piet steig-t van het paard af
pn ( c ) get.down-3 sg from art . def . n horse( n ) of
‘Piet got down from the horse.’

Enets (Forest) kaʔa

Valency pattern: NOM_OBLniz
X: NOM
Y: OBLniz
Locus: Y
modʲi kasa-jʔ buranu-da nʲi-z dʲa nʲi-ʔ kaʔ-e-zʔ
i man- nom . sg .1 sg snowmobile- obl . sg .3 sg surface- abl place surface- dat come_down( pfv )- m -3 sg . m
‘My friend got down from the snowmobile to the ground’.

English get down

Valency pattern: SBJ_from
X: SBJ
Y: from
Locus: Y
Peter got down from the horse.

Estonian maha tulema

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Peeter tul-i hobuse-lt maha
pn . sg . nom come- pst .3 sg horse- abl down
‘Peeter got down from the horse.’
Note: Phrasal verb (maha is not a flagging device).

Finnish laskeutua

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pekka laskeutu-i hevose-n selä-stä
pn . nom dismount- pst .3 sg horse- gen back- ela
‘Pekka got down from the horse.’

French descendre

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Paul est descendu du cheval
pn ( m ) be. prs .3 sg dismount. pst . ptcp . m of. def . sg . m horse( m )
‘Paul got down from the horse.’

Gban zȉ

Valency pattern: SBJ_nen
X: SBJ
Y: nen
Locus: Y
Zá̰ ɛ́ zȉ sȍ nɛ̰̏
pn 3 sg \ pst descend[ pfv . hod ] horse at
‘Zan got off the horse.’

Georgian ča-mo-Ø-xt'-eb-a (FUT)

Valency pattern: NOM_INS.ABL
X: NOM
Y: INS.ABL
Locus: Y
p'et're-Ø cxen-idan ča-mo-Ø-xt'-a
pn - nom horse- pstp : ins . abl prv :downward+inward- prv : prox - s 3-jump- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre got down from the horse.’

German absteigen

Valency pattern: NOM_vonDAT
X: NOM
Y: vonDAT
Locus: Y
Karl steig-t vom Pferd ab
pn [ nom . sg ] rise- prs .3 sg of. def . n . dat . sg horse[ dat . sg ] from
‘Karl is getting down from the horse.’

Hebrew (modern) jarad

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi
X: SBJ
Y: mi
Locus: Y
Pinχas jarad me ha sus
pn descend[ pst .3 sg . m ] from def horse
‘Pinchas got down from the horse.’

Hindi nīche utarnā

Valency pattern: DIR_ABL
X: DIR
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Pratīk ghoṛe se nīche utar-ā
pn ( m ). sg . dir horse( m ). sg . obl abl down get_down. pfv - m . sg
‘Prateek got down from the horse.’

Indonesian (standard) turun

Valency pattern: SBJ_dari
X: SBJ
Y: dari
Locus: Y
Asep turun dari kuda
pn descend from horse
‘Asep got down from the horse.’

Irish tar anuas

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Tháinig Pól anuas de-n gcapall.
come. pst pn down from- def horse
‘Pól got down from the horse.’

Italian smontare

Valency pattern: SBJ_da
X: SBJ
Y: da
Locus: Y
Leo è smontat-o da cavall-o
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs dismount. pst . ptcp - sg . m by horse- sg . m
‘Leo dismounted the horse.’

Karata rušt’anɬa

Valency pattern: NOM_EL
X: NOM
Y: EL
Locus: Y
ʕali xwanjagal rušt’-an
pn horse. el dismount- pf
‘Ali got down from the horse.’

Kazakh tüs

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petya at-tan tüs-tі
pn horse- abl descend- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya got down from the horse.’

Khanty (Kazym) (iλ) wɔχǝλti

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMewelt
X: NOM
Y: NOMewelt
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en λɔw ewǝλt (iλ) wɔχλ-ǝs
pn - ep - poss .2 sg horse from (down) descend- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

Khoekhoe ǁgôaxa

Valency pattern: SBJ_xu
X: SBJ
Y: xu
Locus: Y
Petru-b ge hā-b-a xu go ǁgôaxa
pn -3 m . sg decl horse-3 m . sg - obl from rpst come_down
‘Peter got down from the horse.’

Khwarshi j/eqʷa

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER.EL
X: ABS
Y: SUPER.EL
Locus: Y
šamil sajro-ƛ'o-žo (q'udul) eq-qa
pn horse( iii )- super - el on.the.ground go.out- pst . w
‘Shamil got down from the horse.’

Kpelle (Guinean) kǔlo

Valency pattern: SBJ_mei
X: SBJ
Y: mei
Locus: Y
àá kùlo mòtó mɛ̀i
3 sg . prf go_out motorbike on4
‘He went down from the motorbike.’

Kryz (Alik) ʕabç'ic

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEREL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEREL
Locus: Y
terlan barkan-ci-ğar ʕaç'-id
pn horse- obl - superel go_in. pfv - aor . m
‘Terlan got down from the horse.’

Kryz (Ismayilli) apsic

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEREL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEREL
Locus: Y
aslan balkay-ğar ask-id
pn horse. obl - superel go_down. pf - aor . m
‘Aslan got down from the horse.’

Kryz (proper) ʕabç'ic

Valency pattern: NOM_INEL
X: NOM
Y: INEL
Locus: Y
aslan balkan-c-aʕar ʕaç'-id
pn horse- obl - inel go_down. pf - aor . m
‘Aslan got down from the horse.’

Kumyk tümek

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
basir at-dan tüš-d-ü
pn horse- abl go.down- pst -3 sg
‘Basir got down from the horse.’

Kurdish (Sorani) dabezîn

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_le
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: le
Locus: Y
Hîwa le hesp-eke-î dabezî-Ø
pn from horse- def - obl dismount. pst -3 sg
‘Hiwa got down from the horse.’
Note: The exact morphemic boundaries in "dabezî" are not fully clear.

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) peya bûn (intr)

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_jiOBL
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: jiOBL
Locus: Y
zilam ji hesp-ê peya bû
man from horse- obl . f pedestrian be. pfv .3 sg
‘The man got down from the horse.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Lak (Quba)

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEL
Locus: Y
Maħammad u<w>č'-und-i ča-j-atu
pn <1>1.go.down- aor -3 p horse. obl - sup - el 1
‘Mohammad got down from the horse.’

Latin descendo

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
quibus de caus-is Sull-am dictator-em un-i sibi descend-ere equ-o
which. abl . pl of cause( f )- abl . pl pn ( m )- acc . sg disctator( m )- acc . sg one- dat . m refl . dat dismount[ prs ]- inf . act horse( m )- abl . sg
‘For these reasons Sulla the dictator used to only dismount from a horse before him. ’
Note: (Sal. Hist. V, 20, 2)

Laz o-xt'-im-u

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Käzim-i cxen-išen ge-Ø-xt'-u
pn - nom horse- abl prv - s 3-go- s 3 sg . pst
‘Käzim came down from the horse.’

Lezgian (Yargun) ivic’in

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEL
Locus: Y
Sahib ppalkkan-d-laa ivicˈ-na
pn horse- obl - supel descend- aor
‎‎‎‘Sahib got down from the horse.’

Macedonian sleze

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Petar sleze od konj-ot
pn go_down( pfv ). aor .3 sg from horse- art . f . sg
‘Petar got down from the horse.’

Maninka (Eastern) jìi

Valency pattern: SBJ_kan
X: SBJ
Y: kan
Locus: Y
Sékù bára jìi à lá móto` kàn.
pn prf descend 3 sg poss motorbike\ art on
‘Seku has got down from the motorbike.’

Mano yɔ̀ló

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: là
Locus: Y
ē yɔ̀ló mòtōò là
3 sg . pst go.down motorbike on
‘S/he got off the motobike.’

Mansi (Northern) xotkwalapas

Valency pattern: NOM_EL
X: NOM
Y: EL
Locus: Y
jēn’a buran-e-nǝl xot-kwal-ap-as
pn snowmobile- poss .3 sg - el from-stand- pfv - pst [3 sg ]
‘Eugene dismounted from his snowmobile.’

Mehweb če- -arces

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.EL
Locus: Y
Islam če-w-w-arc-ur jaˤbu-li-če-la
pn pv - m - m -unmount: pfv - aor horse- obl - super - el
‘Islam got down from the horse.’

Mingrelian gim-Ø-ur-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_ABL
X: ERG
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
čelo-k cxen-(i)še(n) gim-Ø-e-l-(u)
pn - erg horse- abl prv - s 3- ver : s -go- s 3 sg . pst
‘Chelo got down from the horse.’

Nanai xulun-

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petia moren oja-ǯea-ni xuluŋ-ki-ni
pn horse surface- abl - p .3 sg go_down- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia got down from the horse.’
Note: The ablative marker can also be attached attached directly to the Y-argument (‘the horse’).

Nivkh caqrd

Valency pattern: SBJ_LOC/ABL
X: SBJ
Y: LOC/ABL
Locus: Y
Kaskazik murŋ-ux caqr-d
pn horse- loc / abl jump- ind
‘Kaskazik got down from the horse.’

Norwegian Bokmål å stige av

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per steg av hest-en
pn climb. pst of horse- def . m . sg
‘Per got down from the horse.’
Note: Phrasal verb (av is not a flagging device).

Oromo (West Central) buʔa

Valency pattern: NOM_ABSirraa
X: NOM
Y: ABSirraa
Locus: Y
nam-ittʃ-i fard-ittʃa irraa buʔ-e
man- def - nom horse- def . abs on. abl get_down-3 sg . m . pfv
‘The man got down from the horse.’

Persian pīyāde šodan

Valency pattern: NOM_azNOM
X: NOM
Y: azNOM
Locus: Y
ahmad az asb pīyāde šod
pn from horse on_foot become. pst .3 sg
‘Ahmad got down from the horse.’

Polish zejść

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Jacek zszed-ł z koni-a
pn [ nom . sg ] go_down: pfv \ pst - pst [ m .3 sg ] from horse- gen . sg
‘Jacek got down from the horse.’

Portuguese (Brazilian) desmontar

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Pedro desmont-a do cavalo
pn ( m ) dismount-3 sg . prs of+ def . m horse( m )
‘Pedro dismounted the horse.’

Romani (Kalderash) hulel

Valency pattern: NOM_pa
X: NOM
Y: pa
Locus: Y
o Murš-a hul-ist-o pa grast
art . m . dir . sg pn - nom . sg dismount- pst -3 sg . m from horse[ nom . sg ]
‘Murša got down from the horse.’

Russian sleztʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_sGEN
X: NOM
Y: sGEN
Locus: Y
Pet-ja slez s lošad-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg dismount( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] from horse( f )- gen . sg
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

Rutul (Kina) saɁ seč’ura

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUP.EL
Locus: Y
rasul hejwan-a-la saɁ s-e-č’u-r=a
pn ( nom ) horse- obl ( sup )- el down. lat pv - pv -1.get.down. pfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul got down from the horse.’

Rutul (Mukhad) (saʔ) saˤč'uˤn

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEREL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEREL
Locus: Y
murad jivan-dııla saʔ saˤč'uˤ-ri
pn horse- obl . superel down ( m )go_down. pf - aor
‘Murad got down from the horse.’
Note: saʔ is partially optional, it functions as an adverb here.

Rutul (Shinaz) saʔ seč'u-n

Valency pattern: NOM_EL
X: NOM
Y: EL
Locus: Y
basir saʔ seč'u-r hijvan-a-la
pn ( n )down ( m )dismount. pf - aor horse- obl - el
‘Basir got down from the horse.’

Rutul (Southern) suˤçuˤn

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEREL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEREL
Locus: Y
murad balkan-dııla suˤçuˤ-r
pn horse- obl . superel ( m )dismount. pf - aor
‘Murad got down from the horse.’

Saami (Skolt) luâšttõõttâd

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
Peâtt luâšttõõđ-i (vuâlas) heäppaz sieʹlj-est
pn . sg . nom descend- pst .3 sg (downwards) horse. sg . gen back- sg . loc
‘Pete got down from the horse.’

Serbian sići

Valency pattern: NOM_sGEN
X: NOM
Y: sGEN
Locus: Y
Petar je siša-o s konj-a
pn . nom . sg be. prs .3 sg go.down- part . perf . m . sg from.up horse- gen . sg
‘Petar got down from the horse.’

Shughni xāvdow

Valency pattern: NOM.NO.CL_EL-SUP
X: NOM.NO.CL
Y: EL-SUP
Locus: Y
Azim as vorǰ-ti xāv-d
pn el horse- sup descend- pst
‘Azim got down from the horse.’

Slovak zosadnúť

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Peter zosado-l z koň-a
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] jump_off( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] from horse( m )- gen . sg
‘Peter jumped off the horse.’

Slovenian zlesti

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Peter je zleze-l s konj-a
pn [ nom . sg ] aux .3 sg dismount: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] from horse- gen . sg
‘Peter got down from the horse.’

Spanish apearse

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Pedro se ape-ó de=l caballo
pn [ sg . m ] refl .3 sg dismount- aor .3 sg from= art . def . sg . m horse[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro got down from the horse.’

Svan ä-Ø-sk'n-e (PRS)

Valency pattern: ERG_ABL.SUBL
X: ERG
Y: ABL.SUBL
Locus: Y
maizer-d č'äž-xän-ču an-Ø-sk'in-e
pn - erg horse- abl - subl prv : prox - s 3-hop- pst
‘Maizer hopped down from the horse.’

Swedish att kliva av

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn klev av häst-en
pn climb. pst of horse- def . c . sg
‘Björn got down from the horse.’
Note: Phrasal verb (av is not a flagging device).

Tabasaran (Kandyk)

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER.ELAT
X: ABS
Y: SUPER.ELAT
Locus: Y
maˁhaˁmad haˁjvn.i-l-an eldeʔ-nu
pn ( abs ) horse- super - elat ( h . sg )get.down- pst
‘Mahamad got down from the horse.’

Tagalog bumaba

Valency pattern: ACT_mulaPATH
X: ACT
Y: mulaPATH
Locus: Y
b<um>aba si Pedro mula sa kabayo
< av > pfv .go_down pers . subj pn from dat horse
‘Pedro got down from the horse.’

Telugu digu

Valency pattern: NOM_OBLmidanunci
X: NOM
Y: OBLmidanunci
Locus: Y
pravīṇ gurramu mīda-nuṁci digāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom horse( n ). sg . obl on- abl come_down. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen got down from the horse.’

Tsakhur q:eʔeč’iy

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEREL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEREL
Locus: Y
murad balkan-ıle q:eʔeč’u
pn horse- superel ( m )dismount. pf
‘Murad got down from the horse.’

Tswana fologa

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
mo-nna o-folog-il-e Ø-pitse
sg -man(1) s i :cl1-get.down.from- prf - fv sg -horse(9)
‘The man got down from the horse.’

Turkish inmek

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Mehmet at-tan in-di
pn horse- abl descend- pst
‘Mehmet got down from the horse.’

Turoyo noḥət

Valency pattern: SBJ.SS_m.7al
X: SBJ.SS
Y: m.7al
Locus: Y
Gabriyel naḥət m ʕal u səsyo
pn descend. pfv .3 m from on art . m horse( m )
‘Gabriyel got down from the horse.’

Twi sifiri

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Kofi sifiri-i pᴐnkᴐ no so
pn get_down- pst horse def on
‘Kofi got down from the horse.’

Udmurt vaśki̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMvilis
X: NOM
Y: NOMvilis
Locus: Y
Pet'a val vi̮l-i̮ś vaśk-iz
pn . nom horse. nom upper_part- ela dismount- pst .3 sg
‘Petja dismounted from the horse.’

Ukrainian zlizty

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o zliz iz konj-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg dismount( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] from2 horse( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro got down from the horse.’

Ulcha xulunǯu-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
ama murin-ǯi xulun-ǯu-xə-ni
father horse- ins climb_out- rep - pst -3 sg
‘Father got down from the horse.’

Uzbek tušmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petya ot-tan tuš-ti
pn horse- abl get_down- pst .3 sg
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

Wolof wàcc

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBJ
Locus: TR
golo g-i wàcc na garab g-i
monkey( g ) cl g - def get.down prf .s i :3 sg tree( g ) cl g - def
‘The monkey got down from the tree.’

Yukaghir (Northern) kǝriǝ=

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Sǝmiǝn johodilǝ-ɣаt kǝriǝ-j
pn horse- abl descend- intr .3 sg
‘Semien got down from the horse.’

Zazaki

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_ra.PSTP
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: ra.PSTP
Locus: Y
oxɨr ɛstor=ra amɛ war
pn horse=from come. pst down
‘Oxir got down from the horse.’