‘depend’
Argument frame: |
X
(depend) on
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
Memory
depends on
age
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
зависеть
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(зависеть) от
Y
-а
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
Память
зависит от
возраста
.
|
Abaza
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Adyghe
je-λətəʁ
Valency pattern:
ABS_DAT
|
X: ABS |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
aqələ-r |
nəbžʼə-m |
je-λətə-ʁ |
разум-
abs
|
возраст-
obl
|
dat
-считать-
res
|
‘Память зависит от возраста.’ |
Aghul
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Bambara
dúlon
Valency pattern:
SBJ_la
|
X: SBJ |
Y: la |
Locus: Y |
fɛ́n |
sɔ̀ngɔ` |
dúlon-nen |
bɛ́ |
à |
bònya` |
ná |
thing
|
price\
art
|
hang-
ptcp
.
res
|
be
|
3
sg
|
size\
art
|
in
|
‘The price of a thing depends on its size.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
depender
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
X: SBJ |
Y: de |
Locus: Y |
a |
memória |
depende |
da |
idade |
def
.
f
|
memory(
f
)
|
depend-3
sg
.
prs
|
of+
def
.
f
|
age(
f
)
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Catalan
variar
Valency pattern:
SBJ_amb
|
X: SBJ |
Y: amb |
Locus: Y |
la |
memòria |
vari-a |
amb |
l'edat |
def
.
sg
.
f
|
memory(
f
)
|
depend-3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
with
|
def
.
sg
.
f
-age(
f
)
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Czech
závislý + COP
Valency pattern:
NOM_naLOC
|
X: NOM |
Y: naLOC |
Locus: Y |
pamět' |
je |
závisl-á |
na |
věk-u |
memory(
f
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
be(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
dependent-
f
.
nom
.
sg
|
on
|
age(
m
)-
loc
.
sg
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Danish
afhænge
Valency pattern:
SBJ_af
|
X: SBJ |
Y: af |
Locus: Y |
Hukommelse |
afhænge-r |
af |
alder-en |
memory(
c
).
sg
|
depend-
prs
|
of
|
age(
c
)-
def
.
sg
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Dutch
afhangen
Valency pattern:
SBJ_van
|
X: SBJ |
Y: van |
Locus: Y |
het |
geheugen |
hang-t |
af |
van |
de |
leeftijd |
art
.
def
.
n
|
memory(
n
)
|
depend-3
sg
|
of
|
from
|
art
.
def
.
c
|
age(
c
)
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Eastern Maninka
bɔ́
Valency pattern:
SBJ_do(POST)
|
X: SBJ |
Y: do(POST) |
Locus: Y |
à |
sɔ̀nko` |
yé |
bɔ́-la |
à |
kùnbaya |
lè |
dɔ́. |
3
sg
|
price\
art
|
be
|
exit-
inf
.
la
|
3
sg
|
size
|
foc
|
in
|
‘Its price depends on its size.’ |
English
depend
Valency pattern:
SBJ_on
|
X: SBJ |
Y: on |
Locus: Y |
Estonian
sõltuma
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
|
X: NOM |
Y: ELA |
Locus: Y |
mälu |
sõltu-b |
vanuse-st |
memory.
sg
.
nom
|
depend-
prs
.3
sg
|
age-
ela
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Finnish
riippua
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
|
X: NOM |
Y: ELA |
Locus: Y |
muisti |
riippu-u |
iä-stä |
memory.
nom
|
depend-
prs
.3
sg
|
age-
ela
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Forest Enets
pɛri
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
mɛsi-za |
ŋa-xaz |
pɛri |
wind-
nom
.
sg
.3
sg
|
sky-
abl
|
hold(
ipfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘The wind depends on the sky’. |
French
dependre
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
X: SBJ |
Y: de |
Locus: Y |
la |
mémoire |
d’ |
une |
personne |
dépend |
de |
son |
âge |
def
.
sg
.
f
|
memory(
f
)
|
of
|
indf
.
sg
.
f
|
person(
f
)
|
depend.
prs
.3
sg
|
of
|
one’s.
sg
.
m
|
age(
m
)
|
‘One's memory depends on their age.’ |
Georgian
da-mo-k'id-eb-ul-i + COP (PRS)
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT.SUPERESS
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT.SUPERESS |
Locus: Y |
mexsiereba-Ø |
asak'-ze |
da-mo-k'id-eb-ul-i=a |
memory-
nom
|
age-
pstp
:
superess
|
prv
:downward-
prv
:
prox
-hang-
sm
-
ptcp
-
nom
=
cop
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate (participle). |
German
abhängen
Valency pattern:
NOM_vonDAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: vonDAT |
Locus: Y |
das |
Gedächtnis |
häng-t |
vom |
Alter |
ab |
def
.
n
.
nom
.
sg
|
memory[
nom
.
sg
]
|
hang-
prs
.3
sg
|
of.
def
.
n
.
dat
.
sg
|
age[
dat
.
sg
]
|
from
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Irish
braith
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ar
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ar |
Locus: Y |
Braith-inn |
an |
cuimhne |
air |
an |
aois. |
depend-
prs
|
def
|
memory
|
on
|
def
|
age
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Italian
dependere
Valency pattern:
SBJ_da
|
X: SBJ |
Y: da |
Locus: Y |
la |
salut-e |
dipend-e |
dall’ |
età |
def
.
sg
.
f
|
health-
sg
.
f
|
depend-3
sg
.
prs
|
by.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
age.
sg
.
f
|
‘Health depends on age.’ |
Kalderash Romani
zavisil
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
o |
pamiť-o |
zavis-il |
kata |
l |
bərš |
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
memory-
nom
.
sg
|
depend-
prs
.3
sg
|
from
|
art
.
pl
|
year[
nom
.
pl
]
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Kazakh
baylanïs
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Žad-ï |
žas-qa |
baylanï-s-tï |
memory-
poss
3
|
age-
dat
|
depend-
rec
-
pst
1.3
sg
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Kazym Khanty
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Khwarshi
Valency pattern:
ABS_CONT.LAT
|
X: ABS |
Y: CONT.LAT |
Locus: Y |
ʕaq'u |
zamana-qo-l |
gic'a-na |
b-e:ča |
сознание(
iii
)
|
время(
iii
)-
cont
-
lat
|
смотреть-
pst
.
u
|
iii
-есть\
gnt
|
‘Сознание зависит от возраста.’ |
Note: СС. Букв. глядит на время. |
Kina Rutul
pet’ ruʔura
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
ul-id |
išɨɢ |
pet’ |
ruʔu-r=a |
q’aˁs-wol-i-kan |
eye-
attr
|
light
|
little
|
4.become.
ipfv
-
cvb
=be
|
old-
abstr
-
obl
-
com
|
‘Sight deteriorates with age.’ |
Note: Not included in the dataset because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence. |
Latin
dependeo
Valency pattern:
NOM_exABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: exABL |
Locus: Y |
ex |
horum |
lev-issim-is |
mot-ibus |
fortun-ae |
popul-orum |
depende-nt |
from
|
this.
gen
.
pl
.
n
|
light-
sup
-
abl
.
pl
.
m
|
motion(
m
)-
abl
.
pl
|
fortune(
f
)-
nom
.
pl
|
people(
m
)-
gen
.
pl
|
depend[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
pl
|
‘The fortunes of nations depend on their (stars’) slightest motions.’ |
Note: (Sen. Dia. 18, 3) |
Mandarin Chinese
qǔjué
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
jìyìlì |
de |
hǎo-huài |
qǔjué |
yú |
niánlíng |
memory
|
de
|
good-bad
|
depend
|
to
|
age
|
Lit. ‘The memory’s good or bad (state) depends on age.’ |
Note: Not included in the dataset because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Mingrelian
Ø-o-r-en-Ø (PRS)
Valency pattern:
NOM_ALL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ALL |
Locus: Y |
gošina-Ø |
sirčinue-ša |
Ø-(o)-r-e(n)-Ø. |
memory-
nom
|
age-
all
|
s
3-(
ver
:
sup
)-be-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Modern Hebrew
taluj
Valency pattern:
SBJ_be
|
X: SBJ |
Y: be |
Locus: Y |
zikaron |
taluj |
be |
gil |
memory
|
dependent
|
in
|
age
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Nanai
zavisela-
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
əǯə-čə-u-ri |
zavisela-j-ni |
səə-ǯiəǯi |
remember-
res
-
imps
-
npst
|
depend-
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
age-
abl
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Nivkh
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Northern Mansi
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Northern Yukaghir
monnǝmу=
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
lugu-mu-rǝ |
ködǝ-n |
čuŋdǝ |
mon-nǝ-mu-nun-i |
be_old-
trnsf
-
cnv
|
man-
gen
|
mind
|
be_short-
stat
-
trnsf
-
hab
-
intr
.3
sg
|
Lit. ‘When one is getting old, one’s mind shortens.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence. |
Norwegian Bokmål
å avhenge
Valency pattern:
SBJ_av
|
X: SBJ |
Y: av |
Locus: Y |
hukommels-en |
avhenge-r |
av |
alder-en |
memory-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
depend-
prs
|
of
|
age-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Polish
zależeć
Valency pattern:
NOM_odGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: odGEN |
Locus: Y |
pamięć |
zależy |
od |
wiek-u |
memory[
nom
.
sg
]
|
depend:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
from
|
age-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Russian
zavisetʹ
Valency pattern:
NOM_otGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: otGEN |
Locus: Y |
pamjatʹ |
zavis-it |
ot |
vozrast-a |
memory(
f
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
depend(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
from
|
age(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Serbian
zavisiti
Valency pattern:
NOM_odGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: odGEN |
Locus: Y |
Pamćenj-e |
zavisi |
od |
uzrast-a |
memory-
nom
.
sg
|
depend.
prs
.3
sg
|
from.near
|
age-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Shughni
wobastā vidow
Valency pattern:
NOM_EL
|
X: NOM |
Y: EL |
Locus: Y |
Pamyat |
as |
vozrast |
wobastā |
memory
|
el
|
age
|
dependent
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. In this example, the verb 'to be' is non-overt. |
Skolt Saami
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Slovak
závisieť
Valency pattern:
NOM_odGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: odGEN |
Locus: Y |
Pamäť |
zavísí |
od |
vek-u |
memory(
f
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
depend(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
from
|
age(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Slovenian
biti odvisen
Valency pattern:
NOM_odGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: odGEN |
Locus: Y |
spomin |
je |
odvisen |
od |
starost-i |
memory[
nom
.
sg
]
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
dependent[
nom
.
sg
.
m
]
|
from
|
age-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Sorani Kurdish
westan le ser
Valency pattern:
SBJ_le.ser
|
X: SBJ |
Y: le.ser |
Locus: Y |
bîrge |
de-west-êt-e |
ser |
temen |
memory
|
ind
-stand.
prs
-3
sg
-to
|
head
|
age
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Note: The verbal marker –e is the result of the “migration” of the preposition "le", cf. “bîrge de-west-êt le-ser temen”. |
Spanish
depender
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
X: SBJ |
Y: de |
Locus: Y |
la |
memoria |
depend-e |
de |
la |
edad |
art
.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
memory[
sg
.
f
]
|
depend-
prs
.3
sg
|
from
|
art
.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
age[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Swedish
att bero
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
minn-et |
bero-r |
på |
ålder-n |
memory-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
depend-
prs
|
on
|
age-
def
.
c
.
sg
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
ACT_LOC
|
X: ACT |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
Naka-depende |
ang |
memorya |
sa |
edad |
statav
.
pfv
-depend
|
subj
|
memory
|
dat
|
age
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Telugu
ādhārapaḍu
Valency pattern:
NOM_OBLmida
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBLmida |
Locus: Y |
jñāpakašakti |
vayasu |
mīda |
ādhārapaḍi |
uṁṭuṁdi |
memory_force(
n
).
sg
.
nom
|
age(
n
).
sg
.
obl
|
on
|
depend.
cvb
.
ant
|
be.
dur
.3
sg
.
nm
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Turkish
bağlı olmak
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
akıl |
yaş-a |
bağlı-dır |
mind
|
age-
dat
|
dependent-
cop
.3
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Ulcha
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Uzbek
boɣlanišmoq
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
xotira |
yoši-ga |
boɣlan-iš-ti |
age
|
memory-
dat
|
connect-
recp
-
pst
.3
sg
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
West Central Oromo
hundaaʔa
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABSirratti
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABSirratti |
Locus: Y |
jaadattʃuu-n |
umurii |
irra-tti |
hundaaʔ-a |
memory-
nom
|
age.
abs
|
on-
loc
|
depend-3
sg
.
m
.
ipfv
|
‘Memory depends on age.’ |
Zilo Andi
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
aqχ’ulo |
r-uʔ.inn-ija |
w-oχːor-ɬir-qχi |
knowledge
|
inan
2-go.
npst
-
fut
|
m
-old-
abst
-
inst
|
‘Memory goes away with age.’ |
Note: Not included in the dataset because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence. |