BivalTyp

‘cover’

Argument frame: X (cover) Y
Stimulus sentence: The carpet covers the whole floor .
Predicate label Ru: покрывать
Argument frame Ru: X (покрывать) Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: Ковер покрывает весь пол .

Abaza q-ʕʷa

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
a-pól šabgə́w a-q̇adába j-q-na-ʕʷ-ə́j-d
def -floor fully def -carpet 3 sg . n . abs - loc -3 sg . n . erg -close- prs - dcl
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) č̣e-wəχʷəme

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
aləreʁʷə-m ǯʼexaŝʷe-r č̣-j-e-wəχʷəme
carpet- obl floor- abs loc : under -3 sg . erg - dyn -protect
‘The carpet covers the floor.’

Aghul fac.a-

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
q’adilq’ʷan.di k’ildi ǯil fac.a-a
carpet( erg ) fully graound grasp. ipf - prs
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Akhvakh (Northern) bacilooruƛa

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
t’assa-de anƛ’oda q’oda b-acila-are godi
rug- erg whole floor n -cover- ipf . ptcp n . cop
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Andi (Zilo) riʃd.i-r

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
t’amsu-di riʃd.i-r itɬuɡu hoʔor
carpet. obl - erg lock. pst - prog all floor[ inan 1][ nom ]
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi) ġṭy

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ǝz-zulīyi qa-tġǝṭṭi kǝll ǝl-kāši
art -carpet prs -cover. ipf .3 fs all art -ground
‘The carpet covers the whole ground.’

Arabic (Northern Syrian) ġaṭṭa

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
əs-səǧǧāda mġaṭṭya kull əl-gaʕ
def -carpet( f ) cover. ptcp . f . sg whole def -ground
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth) ġ.ṭ.a

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
il-suǧǧade bitġaṭṭe koll il-ʾareḍ
def -carpet cover. prs .3 f . sg all def -ground
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Arabic (standard) ġaṭṭā

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Ɂal-bisāṭ-u yuġaṭṭī kull-a l-Ɂarḍ-i
def -carpet( m )- nom cover. ipf .3 m all- acc def -floor( f )- gen
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Archi ca-qˁas

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
diwin-ni obšːi qʼatːu noʟʼ ca<r>qˁa-r-ši
carpet- obl ( erg ) all down room < ipfv >hide- ipfv - advz (4.be)
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Armenian (Eastern) cackel

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: DAT~NOM
Locus: TR
karpet-ə cackum+ē amboγĵ hatak-ə
carpet[ nom ]- def cover: prs :3 sg all floor[ nom ]- def
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic maccəs

Valency pattern: SBJ_ka
X: SBJ
Y: ka
Locus: Y
+xali muccəs-la ka cullə +ustol
carpet( f ) cover. pst - ls .3 f to all table( m )
‘The carpet covers the whole table.’
Note: Non-Urmi speaker.

Avar bacize

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
t’ubango č’abar b-ac-un b-ugo χaliča-jaɬ
totally floor n -cover- seq n - cop rug- erg
‘The rug covers the whole floor.’

Azerbaijani örtmək

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
xalça bütün döşǝmǝn-i ört-ür
carpet all floor- acc cover- ipfv (3)
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Bafut bɔ̌ntᵼ̀

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
àtsə̀ʔə̀ nʃjé já bɔ̌ntᵼ̀ ǹdâ já ǹtím
dress ground def cover house def whole
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Bambara dátugu

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
fìni` bɛ́_kà dén` dátugu
cloth\ art prog child\ art cover
‘A cloth covers a child.’

Bartangi

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: DO
Locus: TR
qolīn fuk paygā inǰūv-ǰ
carpet all floor hold- pf
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Belarusian nakryvać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
dyvan nakryva-je ŭs-ju padloh-u
carpet[ nom . sg ] cover( ipfv )- prs .3 sg all- acc . sg . f floor- acc . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Budugh çuraq’ar

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
q'alça q'um-a' ba'şpütö çuroq'or-i
carpet( a ) ground- loc totally a .reach. ipfv - nonpst
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Bulgarian pokrivam

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
kilim-ăt pokriva tsel-ia pod
carpet- def . m . sg cover( ipfv ). prs .3 sg all- def . short . m . sg floor
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Catalan cobrir

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
la catifa cobreix tot el terra del pis
def . sg . f carpet( f ) cover.3 sg . prs . ind all def . sg . m ground of. def . sg . m flat( m )
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Chechen dwa-laaca

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
kuuzan-o masso mettig dwa-loocu
carpet- erg whole place. abs away-catch. prs
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Chinese (Mandarin) fùgài

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
zhè-kuài dìtǎn fùgài zhe zhěng-kuài dìbǎn
this- clf carpet cover dur whole- clf floor
‘This carpet covers the whole floor.’

Chirag uk-b-ic’i

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
t’amsː-le butun qale u-k-b-ic’-ib-le
carpet- erg all room( abs ) sub - down - n . sg -fill: pf - aor - res . prs .3
‘The carpet covers the whole floor (lit. room).’

Croatian pokriti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
tepih pokriva sav pod
carpet[ nom . sg ] cover( ipfv ). prs .3 sg all. acc . sg . m floor[ acc . sg ]
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Czech pokrývat

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
koberec pokrývá cel-ou podlah-u
carpet( m )[ nom . sg ] cover( ipfv ). prs .3 sg whole- f . acc . sg floor( f )- acc . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Danish dække

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Tæpp-et dække-r hel-e gulv-et
carpet( n )- def . sg cover- prs whole- def . sg floor( n )- def . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Dargwa (Itsari) B-uc-uj

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
t'amsː-il le<b>il č'aˤbar b-uc-ib=ca-b
carpet- erg all< n > floor( abs ) n -catch. pfv - aor = cop - n
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Dargwa (Kadar) k'ap'-CL-ar-es / k'ap'-CL-ir-es

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
qalt'ija-j-ni k'ap'-b-ir-u le<b>il č'abar
carpet- obl - erg close- n -do. ipfv - th all< n > floor
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Dargwa (Kaytag) kap’kabarara

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
χalč:a-n-ni suk:i č:’aˁbar kap’kabar-iv
carpet- obl - erg all floor n .cover. pf - aor (3)
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Dargwa (Kubachi)

Valency pattern: ERG(NON.CORE)_NOM
X: ERG(NON.CORE)
Y: NOM
Locus: X
wi-k-ax-ub t'amsa-ldi-l libil qal b-ic'-ib=sab
pv - down -lay. pfv - pret carpet- obl - erg all: n home n -fill. pfv - pret . cnv = cop : n (3)
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’
Note: While the X noun aligns morphologically with ergative NPs, it differs in terms of indexing and other morphosyntactic properties.

Dargwa (Tsudakhar) ka-b-uc'-iz/ka-b-urc-iz

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG/LOC(LAT)
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
sːamak-le lebil č'aˤbar ka-b-uc-ible=sab
carpet- erg / loc ( lat ) all: n floor down - n -take. pfv - pret . cnv = cop : n (3)
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Dargwa (Tsugni) b-uc-i / b-urc-i

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
t'amsa-li libil musːa b-uc-ible=cabi
carpet- erg all: n place n -take. pfv - cnv . pret = cop : n (3)
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Dutch bedekken

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
het tapijt bedek-t de hele vloer
art . def . n carpet( n ) cover-3 sg art . def .С whole floor( c )
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Enets (Forest) sɛja

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
koba lata tʃuktʃi sɛja-za
skin board all close( pfv )-3 sg . so sg
‘The skin covers the whole floor’.

English cover

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
The carpet covers the whole floor.

Estonian katma

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
vaip kata-b terve põranda
carpet. sg . nom cover- prs .3 sg whole. sg . gen floor. sg . gen
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Finnish peittää

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
matto peitt-ää koko lattia-n
carpet. nom cover- prs .3 sg whole floor- gen
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

French couvrir

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
le tapis couvre tout le plancher
def . sg . m carpet( m ) cover. prs .3 sg all. sg . m def . sg . m floor( m )
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Gascon còbre

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
lo tapís còbre tot lo taulat
def . sg . m carpet cover. prs .3 sg all. sg . m def . sg . m floor
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Gban yè kpɔ̋ le̋

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: la
Locus: Y
tɔ̏nḭ̋ ‶ yȅ kpɔ̋=le̋ ta̋blȍ lȁ
cloth 3 sg ipfv \be spread= nmlz table on
‘The cloth is spread on the table.’
Note: This sentence is semantically slightly different from the stimulus.

Georgian Ø-par-av-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
xaliča-Ø iatak-s mtlianad Ø-par-av-s
carpet- nom floor- dat fully do 3-cover- sm - s 3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

German bedecken

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
der Teppich bedeck-t den ganz-en Boden
def . m . nom . sg carpet[ nom . sg ] cover- prs .3 sg def . m . acc . sg whole- m . acc . sg ground[ acc . sg ]
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Hebrew (modern) meχas-e

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ha ʃatiaχ meχas-e et kol ha ritspa
def carptet cover[ ptcp . sg ]- m do whole def floor
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Hindi ghernā

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
kālīn pūr-e farš ko gher-e hɛṁ
carpet( m ). pl . dir full- m . sg . obl floor( m ). sg . obl acc / dat enclose. pfv - m . pl prs . pl
‘Carpets cover the whole floor.’

Indonesian (standard) me-lapisi

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
karpet me-lapisi seluruh lantai
carpet act -cover all floor
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Irish clúdaigh

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Clúd-íonn an cairpéad an urlár air_fad.
cover- prs def carpet def floor fully
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Italian coprire

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
il tappet-o copr-e tutt-o il paviment-o
def . sg . m carpet- sg . m cover-3 sg . prs all- sg . m def . sg . m floor- sg . m
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Karata bacwaaɬa

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
t’ansila-l gida-b da ʁardi-mak’wa b-acwa-a
carpet. obl - erg whole- n ptcl floor-place n -cover- pf
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Kazakh žaw

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Kіlem eden-nіŋ bärі-n žaw-ïp žatïr
carpet floor- gen whole- acc cover- cvb lie.3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Khanty (Kazym) laŋkti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
tăm laŋkǝp isa χɔt_χǎri laŋk-s-ǝλλe
this coverlet totally floor cover- pst -3 sg . so
‘The coverlet covered the whole floor.’

Khoekhoe ǃgūai

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
mat-s ge hoa ǂaiǂgawa-b-a ra ǃgūai
mat-3 f . sg decl all floor-3 m . sg - obl ipfv cover
‘The mat covers the whole floor.’

Khwarshi cucχa

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
dajhan-i cuco:χa q'el
carpet- erg cover\ gnt floor( iv )
‘The carpet covers the floor.’

Komi-Permyak вевттьыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ковёр-ыс вевтть-ö быдöс джодж-сö
ковер- p .3 крыть- prs .3 весь пол- acc . p .3
‘Ковер покрывает весь пол.’

Komi-Zyrian vevtti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
kovjor vevtt'-e̮ ǯoǯ-se̮ stavnas
carpet cover- prs .3 floor- acc . p .3 sg fully
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Kpelle (Guinean) mɛ̌i kpúlu

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ɲìi héɣê àá gbìŋ gélee mɛ̀i kpúlu
def \sleep cloth\ l 3 sg . prf def \bed all upper_surface close
‘The bedsheet covered all the bed.’

Kryz (Alik) q'iç yiqhric

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
xalça-cir girt k'ul-ci q'iç yirqh-re
carpet- obl . erg all house- gen inside catch. ipfv - prs . n
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Kryz (Ismayilli) yiqhuric

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
xalça-yir pitin pol yirqh-ire
carpet- obl . erg all floor catch. ipf - prs
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Kryz (proper) k'uvu varic

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
q'alança-cir tul vari k'uvu yi-ri
carpet- obl . erg floor all closed n .do. ipf - prs . n
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Kumyk japmaq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: DO
Locus: TR
χali sawlaj pol-nu jap-ʁan
carpet complete floor( r )- acc cover- pf
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Kurdish (Sorani) dapoʂîn

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ.TR
Y: DO
Locus: TR
fer̂ʂ-eke tewaw kef-eke=î da-de-poʂ-ê
carpet- def complete floor- def - obl prev - ind -cover. prs -3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) girtin (tr)

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ.TR
Y: DO
Locus: TR
xalîçe erd-ê gişî di-gr-e
carpet( f ) ground- obl . f whole prs -seize. ipfv -3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole ground.’

Lak (Quba)

Valency pattern: TR
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
bartbisu-lu-l b-ax laga-n b-ul-la-j b-ur šːal-ba č'anqːatːa
carpet- obl - gen 3-vanish go- inf 3-do- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 3-be. prs .3 p all-3. ptcl floor(3)
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Latin tego

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
est mihi marmore-a sacrat-us in aed-e Sychae-us, opposit-ae frond-es veller-a-que alb-a teg-unt
be. prs . ind . act .3 sg i . dat marble- abl . sg . f sacred- nom . sg . m in temple( f )- abl . sg s ychaeus( m )- nom . sg oppose. prf . ptcp . pass - nom . pl . f leaf( f )- nom . pl wool( n )- nom . pl -and white- nom . pl . n cover[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘I have in my marble temple sacred Sychaeus, the scattered leaves and white wool cover (it).’
Note: (Ov. Ep. 7, 100)

Laz o-trag-u

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
xal-i-k oxo(r)-i do-Ø-trag-um-s
carpet- b - erg house- nom prv - do 3-cover- sm - s 3 sg
‘The carpet covers the living space.’

Lezgian (Yargun) qan

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
xaliça-di ççil viri qu-nva
carpet- erg earth all take. pfv / op - prf
‎‎‎‎‎'The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Macedonian pokriva

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
tepih-ot go pokriva si-ot pod
carpet( m ). sg - art . m . sg pro .3 sg . m . acc cover( ipfv ). prs .3 sg all. m . sg - art . m . sg floor( m ). sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Maltese kesa

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
it-tapit jiksi l-art
def -carpet cover. ipf . m 3 sg def -floor
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Maninka (Eastern) bɔ́

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Bídinkan` yé láfen` bɔ́-la.
blanket\ art be bed\ art exit- inf . la
‘The blanket covers the whole bed.’

Mano gbīnī

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: la
Locus: Y
sàā lɛ́ɛ̀ gbìnì sɛ́lɛ́ séŋ́ là
natte 3 sg . ipfv bend: ipfv soil all on
‘The mat covers all the floor.’

Mansi (Northern) lappantǝs

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
jānij tor kolkan lap-pant-ǝs
big cloth floor close-cover- pst [3 sg ]
‘A large cloth covered the whole floor.’

Mehweb gʷer -aqʼile le- (RES)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
bartbisu-li-ni qaja lutʼi gʷer b-aqʼ-i-le le-b
carpet- obl - erg house. gen bottom cover n -do: pfv - pst - cvb be- n
‘The carpet covers the floor.’

Mingrelian Ø-por-un-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
nox-(i) tel šuxona-s Ø-por-un-s
carpet- nom entire floor- dat do 3-cover- sm - s 3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Nanai dasi-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Paǯeran dase-ko-ni pala-mba xəm dasi-xə-ni
wall close- instr - p .3 sg floor- obl whole close- pst - p .3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Nivkh lact

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
tʰu tʰlaŋi + ŋamaɟ-ɣir̥ lac-t-ɣun
narta reindeer + skin- ins underlay- ind - pl
‘(They) covered the narta with reindeed skins.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Norwegian Bokmål å dekke

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
tepp-et dekke-r hele gulv-et
carpet- def . n . sg cover- prs whole floor- def . n . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Oromo (West Central) uwwisa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
afaa-n sun laf-ittʃa guutummaan uwwis-a
carpet- nom that. nom space- def . abs fully cover-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘The carpet fully covers the space.’

Persian pūšāndan

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
farš koll-e zamīn-rā mī-pūšān-ad
carpet whole- izaf ground- acc cont -put_on. prs -3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Polish pokrywać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
dywan pokrywa cał-ą podłog-ę
carpet[ nom . sg ] cover: ipfv . prs .3 sg whole- f . acc . sg floor- acc . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Portuguese (Brazilian) cobrir

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
o tapete cobr-e tod-o o chão
def . m carpet( m ) cover-3 sg . pst all- m def . m floor( m )
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Romani (Kalderash) vuśaravel

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ə ponʼav-a vuśara-ď-a sa o pol-o
art . f . dir . sg carpet- nom . sg cover- pst -3 sg all art . m . dir . sg floor- acc . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Romanian a acoperi

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
covor-ul acoperă toată podea-ua
carpet- def . dir cover. prs .3 sg all. f floor- def . dir
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Russian pokryvatʹ

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
kover pokryva-et vesʹ pol
carpet( m )[ nom . sg ] cover( ipfv )- prs .3 sg all[ m . acc . sg ] floor( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Rutul (Kina) χowq’ura

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
χajma-ra χ-o<w>q’u-r=a sin ǯil
carpet- erg pv -<3>catch. pfv - cvb =be whole floor( nom )
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Rutul (Mukhad) χaq'ın

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
χalıče-di-re sijene džil χıvq'ı-r a
carpet- obl - erg all ground( a ) a .catch. pf - seq be_in
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Rutul (Myukhrek)

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER
X: NOM
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
xayma xal-dı cil-e-y yuq'sur-u savi-ra yi
carpet house- attr floor- obl - super around- super a .throw. pf - prf n . cop
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Rutul (Shin-Borch) edukun

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
xalçıdı-ra q'ul gırgın-ane eduku-r
carpet. obl - erg board round- adv n .cover. pf - aor
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Rutul (Shinaz) χaqhɨ-n

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
χɨliči-je-r χavqhɨ-r a sijen džil
carpet- obl - erg a .catch. pf - seq exist whole floor( a )
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Saami (Skolt) käʹtted

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
šaʹlddräänn kätt obb šââʹld
carpet. sg . nom cover. prs .3 sg all floor. sg . acc
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Sagada cucek’a

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
kawer-e cadaq cucek’-xo ju
rug- erg all cover- prs floor
‘The rug covers the floor.’

Serbian pokrivati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
tepih pokriva ceo pod
carpet. nom . sg cover. prs .3 sg all. acc . sg . m floor. acc . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Shughni čust čīdow

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM.CL
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
pilês fuk pol čust kix̌-t
carpet all floor closed do-3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Slovak pokrývať

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Koberec pokrýva cel-ú podlah-u
carpet( m )[ nom . sg ] cover( ipfv ). prs .3 sg whole- f . acc . sg floor( f )- acc . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Slovenian pokrivati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
preprog-a pokriva cel-a tl-a
carpet- nom . sg cover: ipfv . prs .3 sg whole- acc . pl . n floor- acc . pl
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Spanish cubrir

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
la alfombra cubr-e tod-o el suelo
art . def . sg . f carpet[ sg . f ] cover- prs .3 sg all- sg . m art . def . sg . m floor[ sg . m ]
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Svan a-l-päːr-i (PRS)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
č'äm-Ø p'ol-s a-l-päːr-i
hay- nom floor- dat prv : dist - s 3-cover- prs
‘The hay covers the floor.’

Swedish att täcka

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
matta-n täck-er hela golv-et
carpet- def . c . sg cover- prs whole floor- def . n . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Tabasaran (Kandyk)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
hal-vi pol kːe<b>k-na
carpet- erg floor( abs ) < n . sg >cover- res
‘The carpet covered the floor.’

Tagalog matakpan

Valency pattern: ACT_LOC
X: ACT
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
na-ta~takp-an ng karpet ang buo-ng sahig
pot . ipfv - ipfv ~cover- lv gen carpet subj whole- lin floor
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Telugu parucukōnu

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
kārpiṭ nēla mottānni parucukuṁdi
carpet( n ). sg . nom floor( n ). sg . obl sum( n ). sg . obl . acc spread_over. pst .3 sg . nm
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Tsakhur gitkuriy

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
gaˁbaˁ-yn bıkır-ba džil gipkır-na
carpet- erg complete- a clay( a ) a .cover. pf - a
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Tswana khurumetsa

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
le-tsela la-Ø-tafole le-khurumetsa Ø-tafole
sg -cloth(5) cl5. gen - sg -table(9) s i :cl5-cover- fv sg -table(9)
‘The tablecloth covers the table.’

Turkish kaplamak

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
halı bütün yer-i kaplı-yor
carpet whole place- acc cover- prs
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Turoyo zobəṭ

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
i marše zbəṭ-la i arʕo kul-a
art . f carpet( f ) seize. pfv - ls .3 f art . f ground( f ) all- p .3 f
‘The carpet covered the whole floor.’

Twi kata

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ntiasoᴐ no kata fam no nyinaa
carpet def cover. prs floor def whole
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Udi but'k'es

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS/DAT
Locus: TR
xalç-in-en dirist' p'ol-a but'=e=k'-sa
cover- obl - erg whole floor- dat close=3 sg = st - prs
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Udmurt šobi̮rti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
palas bi̮des vi̮ž-ez šobi̮rte
carpet. nom whole floor- acc cover. prs .3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Ukrainian pokryvaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
kylym pokryvaj-e vsj-u pidloh-u
carpet( m )[ nom . sg ] cover( ipfv )- prs .3 sg all- f . acc . sg floor( f )- acc . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Ulcha dasi-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
əj qorča daqanča-ni qorča-wa čupal dasi-xa-ni
this wall coverlet-3 sg wall- acc whole close- pst -3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole wall.’

Uzbek qoplamoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
gilam barča qavat-i-ni qopla-yab-ti
carpet all floor- poss .3 sg - acc cover- prs 1-3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Wolof sàng

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBJ
Locus: TR
geen-u géléem sàng-ul a-w taat te dàq-ul i wéñ
tail- cstr camel( g / y ) cover- neg indef -cl w buttock( w / y ) and keep.away- neg pl fly( w / y )
‘The camel’s tail doesn’t cover a buttock and doesn’t keep flies away.’

Yukaghir (Northern) umusǝj=

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
kovjer indulǝ-lǝ jаwn-uo umusǝ-j-m
carpet floor- acc all- obl close- pf - tr .3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

Zazaki

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ.TR
Y: DO
Locus: TR
xalijɛ hɛrd pɛrunə ɡe-n-a
carpet floor whole. obl take. prs - aug -3 sg . f
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’