‘cover’
| Argument frame: |
X
(cover)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
The carpet
covers
the whole floor
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
покрывать
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(покрывать)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
Ковер
покрывает
весь пол
.
|
Abaza
q-ʕʷa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| a-pól |
šabgə́w |
a-q̇adába |
j-q-na-ʕʷ-ə́j-d |
|
def
-floor
|
fully
|
def
-carpet
|
3
sg
.
n
.
abs
-
loc
-3
sg
.
n
.
erg
-close-
prs
-
dcl
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Adyghe
č̣e-wəχʷəme
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aləreʁʷə-m |
ǯʼexaŝʷe-r |
č̣-j-e-wəχʷəme |
|
ковёр-
obl
|
пол-
abs
|
loc
:
under
-3
sg
.
erg
-
dyn
-беречь
|
| ‘Ковер покрывает пол.’ |
Aghul
fac.a-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| q’adilq’ʷan.di |
k’ildi |
ǯil |
fac.a-a |
|
carpet(
erg
)
|
fully
|
graound
|
grasp.
ipf
-
prs
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
maccəs
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ka
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ka |
| Locus: Y |
| +xali |
muccəs-la |
ka |
cullə |
+ustol |
|
carpet(
f
)
|
cover.
pst
-
ls
.3
f
|
to
|
all
|
table(
m
)
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole table.’ |
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. |
Bambara
dátugu
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| fìni` |
bɛ́_kà |
dén` |
dátugu |
|
cloth\
art
|
prog
|
child\
art
|
cover
|
| ‘A cloth covers a child.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
cobrir
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| o |
tapete |
cobr-e |
tod-o |
o |
chão |
|
def
.
m
|
carpet(
m
)
|
cover-3
sg
.
pst
|
all-
m
|
def
.
m
|
floor(
m
)
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Catalan
cobrir
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| la |
catifa |
cobreix |
tot |
el |
terra |
del |
pis |
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
carpet(
f
)
|
cover.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
all
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
ground
|
of.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
flat(
m
)
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Czech
pokrývat
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| koberec |
pokrývá |
cel-ou |
podlah-u |
|
carpet(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
cover(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
whole-
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
floor(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Danish
dække
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Tæpp-et |
dække-r |
hel-e |
gulv-et |
|
carpet(
n
)-
def
.
sg
|
cover-
prs
|
whole-
def
.
sg
|
floor(
n
)-
def
.
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Dutch
bedekken
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| het |
tapijt |
bedek-t |
de |
hele |
vloer |
|
art
.
def
.
n
|
carpet(
n
)
|
cover-3
sg
|
art
.
def
.С
|
whole
|
floor(
c
)
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Eastern Maninka
bɔ́
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Bídinkan` |
yé |
láfen` |
bɔ́-la. |
|
blanket\
art
|
be
|
bed\
art
|
exit-
inf
.
la
|
| ‘The blanket covers the whole bed.’ |
English
cover
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| The |
carpet |
covers |
the |
whole |
floor. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Estonian
katma
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| vaip |
kata-b |
terve |
põranda |
|
carpet.
sg
.
nom
|
cover-
prs
.3
sg
|
whole.
sg
.
gen
|
floor.
sg
.
gen
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Finnish
peittää
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| matto |
peitt-ää |
koko |
lattia-n |
|
carpet.
nom
|
cover-
prs
.3
sg
|
whole
|
floor-
gen
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Forest Enets
sɛja
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| koba |
lata |
tʃuktʃi |
sɛja-za |
|
skin
|
board
|
all
|
close(
pfv
)-3
sg
.
so
sg
|
| ‘The skin covers the whole floor’. |
French
couvrir
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| le |
tapis |
couvre |
tout |
le |
plancher |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
carpet(
m
)
|
cover.
prs
.3
sg
|
all.
sg
.
m
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
floor(
m
)
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Georgian
Ø-par-av-s (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| xaliča-Ø |
iatak-s |
mtlianad |
Ø-par-av-s |
|
carpet-
nom
|
floor-
dat
|
fully
|
do
3-cover-
sm
-
s
3
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
German
bedecken
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| der |
Teppich |
bedeck-t |
den |
ganz-en |
Boden |
|
def
.
m
.
nom
.
sg
|
carpet[
nom
.
sg
]
|
cover-
prs
.3
sg
|
def
.
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
whole-
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
ground[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Irish
clúdaigh
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Clúd-íonn |
an |
cairpéad |
an |
urlár |
air_fad. |
|
cover-
prs
|
def
|
carpet
|
def
|
floor
|
fully
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Italian
coprire
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| il |
tappet-o |
copr-e |
tutt-o |
il |
paviment-o |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
carpet-
sg
.
m
|
cover-3
sg
.
prs
|
all-
sg
.
m
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
floor-
sg
.
m
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Kalderash Romani
vuśaravel
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ə |
ponʼav-a |
vuśara-ď-a |
sa |
o |
pol-o |
|
art
.
f
.
dir
.
sg
|
carpet-
nom
.
sg
|
cover-
pst
-3
sg
|
all
|
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
floor-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Kazakh
žaw
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Kіlem |
eden-nіŋ |
bärі-n |
žaw-ïp |
žatïr |
|
carpet
|
floor-
gen
|
whole-
acc
|
cover-
cvb
|
lie.3
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Kazym Khanty
laŋkti
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| tăm |
laŋkǝp |
isa |
χɔt_χǎri |
laŋk-s-ǝλλe |
|
this
|
coverlet
|
totally
|
floor
|
cover-
pst
-3
sg
.
so
|
| ‘The coverlet covered the whole floor.’ |
Khwarshi
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| dajhan-i |
cuco:χa |
q'el |
|
ковер-
erg
|
покрывать\
gnt
|
пол(
iv
)
|
| ‘Ковер покрывает пол.’ |
Kina Rutul
χowq’ura
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| χajma-ra |
χ-o<w>q’u-r=a |
sin |
ǯil |
|
carpet-
erg
|
pv
-<3>catch.
pfv
-
cvb
=be
|
whole
|
floor(
nom
)
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Latin
tego
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| est |
mihi |
marmore-a |
sacrat-us |
in |
aed-e |
Sychae-us, |
opposit-ae |
frond-es |
veller-a-que |
alb-a |
teg-unt |
|
be.
prs
.
ind
.
act
.3
sg
|
i
.
dat
|
marble-
abl
.
sg
.
f
|
sacred-
nom
.
sg
.
m
|
in
|
temple(
f
)-
abl
.
sg
|
s
ychaeus(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
oppose.
prf
.
ptcp
.
pass
-
nom
.
pl
.
f
|
leaf(
f
)-
nom
.
pl
|
wool(
n
)-
nom
.
pl
-and
|
white-
nom
.
pl
.
n
|
cover[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
pl
|
| ‘I have in my marble temple sacred Sychaeus, the scattered leaves and white wool cover (it).’ |
| Note: (Ov. Ep. 7, 100) |
Mandarin Chinese
fùgài
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| zhè-kuài |
dìtǎn |
fùgài |
zhe |
zhěng-kuài |
dìbǎn |
|
this-
clf
|
carpet
|
cover
|
dur
|
whole-
clf
|
floor
|
| ‘This carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Mingrelian
Ø-por-un-s (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| nox-(i) |
tel |
p'rol-s |
Ø-por-un-s. |
|
carpet-
nom
|
entire
|
floor-
dat
|
do
3-cover-
sm
-
s
3
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Modern Hebrew
meχas-e
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| ha |
ʃatiaχ |
meχas-e |
et |
kol |
ha |
ritspa |
|
def
|
carptet
|
cover[
ptcp
.
sg
]-
m
|
do
|
whole
|
def
|
floor
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Nanai
dasi-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Paǯeran |
dase-ko-ni |
pala-mba |
xəm |
dasi-xə-ni |
|
wall
|
close-
instr
-
p
.3
sg
|
floor-
obl
|
whole
|
close-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Nivkh
lact
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| tʰu |
tʰlaŋi |
+ |
ŋamaɟ-ɣir̥ |
lac-t-ɣun |
|
narta
|
reindeer
|
+
|
skin-
ins
|
underlay-
ind
-
pl
|
| ‘(They) covered the narta with reindeed skins.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Northern Mansi
lappantǝs
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| jānij |
tor |
kolkan |
lap-pant-ǝs |
|
big
|
cloth
|
floor
|
close-cover-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
| ‘A large cloth covered the whole floor.’ |
Northern Yukaghir
уmуsǝj=
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| kovjer |
indulǝ-lǝ |
jаwn-uo |
umusǝ-j-m |
|
carpet
|
floor-
acc
|
all-
obl
|
close-
pf
-
tr
.3
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å dekke
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| tepp-et |
dekke-r |
hele |
gulv-et |
|
carpet-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
cover-
prs
|
whole
|
floor-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Polish
pokrywać
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| dywan |
pokrywa |
cał-ą |
podłog-ę |
|
carpet[
nom
.
sg
]
|
cover:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
whole-
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
floor-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Russian
pokryvatʹ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| kover |
pokryva-et |
vesʹ |
pol |
|
carpet(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
cover(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
all[
m
.
acc
.
sg
]
|
floor(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Serbian
pokrivati
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| tepih |
pokriva |
ceo |
pod |
|
carpet.
nom
.
sg
|
cover.
prs
.3
sg
|
all.
acc
.
sg
.
m
|
floor.
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Shughni
čust čīdow
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| pilês |
fuk |
pol |
čust |
kix̌-t |
|
carpet
|
all
|
floor
|
closed
|
do-3
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Skolt Saami
käʹtted
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| šaʹlddräänn |
kätt |
obb |
šââʹld |
|
carpet.
sg
.
nom
|
cover.
prs
.3
sg
|
all
|
floor.
sg
.
acc
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Slovak
pokrývať
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Koberec |
pokrýva |
cel-ú |
podlah-u |
|
carpet(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
cover(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
whole-
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
floor(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Slovenian
pokrivati
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| preprog-a |
pokriva |
cel-a |
tl-a |
|
carpet-
nom
.
sg
|
cover:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
whole-
acc
.
pl
.
n
|
floor-
acc
.
pl
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
dapoʂîn
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| fer̂ʂ-eke |
tewaw |
kef-eke=î |
da-de-poʂ-ê |
|
carpet-
def
|
complete
|
floor-
def
=3
sg
.
pc
|
prev
-
ind
-cover.
prs
-3
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Spanish
cubrir
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| la |
alfombra |
cubr-e |
tod-o |
el |
suelo |
|
art
.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
carpet[
sg
.
f
]
|
cover-
prs
.3
sg
|
all-
sg
.
m
|
art
.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
floor[
sg
.
m
]
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Swedish
att täcka
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| matta-n |
täck-er |
hela |
golv-et |
|
carpet-
def
.
c
.
sg
|
cover-
prs
|
whole
|
floor-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Tagalog
|
Valency pattern:
ACT_LOC
|
| X: ACT |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Na-ta~takp-an |
ng |
karpet |
ang |
buo-ng |
sahig |
|
potpv
-
ipfv
~cover-
lv
|
gen
|
carpet
|
subj
|
whole-
lin
|
floor
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
| Note: ??? Can you change the voice and turn the carpet into the subject here? |
Telugu
parucukōnu
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| kārpiṭ |
nēla |
mottānni |
parucukuṁdi |
|
carpet(
n
).
sg
.
nom
|
floor(
n
).
sg
.
obl
|
sum(
n
).
sg
.
obl
.
acc
|
spread_over.
pst
.3
sg
.
nm
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Turkish
kaplamak
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| halı |
bütün |
yer-i |
kaplı-yor |
|
carpet
|
whole
|
place-
acc
|
cover-
prs
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
Ulcha
dasi-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| əj |
qorča |
daqanča-ni |
qorča-wa |
čupal |
dasi-xa-ni |
|
this
|
wall
|
coverlet-3
sg
|
wall-
acc
|
whole
|
close-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole wall.’ |
Uzbek
qoplamoq
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| gilam |
barča |
qavat-i-ni |
qopla-yab-ti |
|
carpet
|
all
|
floor-
poss
.3
sg
-
acc
|
cover-
prs
1-3
sg
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
West Central Oromo
uwwisa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| afaa-n |
sun |
laf-ittʃa |
guutummaan |
uwwis-a |
|
carpet-
nom
|
that.
nom
|
space-
def
.
abs
|
fully
|
cover-3
sg
.
m
.
ipfv
|
| ‘The carpet fully covers the space.’ |
Zilo Andi
riʃd.i-r
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| t’amsu-di |
riʃd.i-r |
itɬuɡu |
hoʔor |
|
carpet.
obl
-
erg
|
lock.
pst
-
prog
|
all
|
floor[
inan
1][
nom
]
|
| ‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’ |
