BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘cost’

Argument frame: X (cost) Y
Stimulus sentence: This cup costs 1 euro .
Predicate label Ru: стоить
Argument frame Ru: X (стоить) Y (один доллар)
Stimulus sentence Ru: Эта чашка] стоит [один доллар .

Abaza χʷə

Valency pattern: IO_ABS
X: IO
Y: ABS
Locus: X
arjə́ ápχ’aga som-ŝ-ḳ j-a-χʷ-ṗ
prox def +book rouble-hundred- unit 3 sg . n . abs -3 sg . n . io -price- npst . dcl
‘This book costs one hundred roubles.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Adyghe wase

Valency pattern: INAL.POSS_ABS
X: INAL.POSS
Y: ABS
Locus: X
mə čʼaške-m som-jə-ŝe ə-was
этот чашка- obl рубль‑ lnk -сто 3 sg . pr -цена
‘Эта чашка стоит сто рублей.’

Aghul q’imat + COP

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
me qːab.u-n q’imat ic’u manat e
demm dishes- gen price 10 ruble cop
‘This cup costs ten rubles.’
Note: Not included in the database because 1) X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier and 2) Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate (not an argument).

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +dakər

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
+sudra +dakr-a əmma +manət
shirt( f ) cost. prs - ss .3 f hundred rouble( m )
‘This shirt costs one hundred roubles.’

Bambara yé/tɛ́

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
shɛ̀` sɔ̀ngɔ` yé kɛ̀mɛ náani yé
chicken\ art price\ art equ hundred four as
‘The price of a chicken is 2000 francs (= 400 times 5 francs).’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predicate.

Brazilian Portuguese custar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ess-a xícar-a cust-a um dólar
dem . med - f cup( f ) cost-3 sg . prs indf dollar( m )
‘This cup costs a dollar.’

Catalan costar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
aquest-a tassa cost-a un euro
this- sg . f cup( f ) cost-3 sg . prs . ind indf . sg . m euro( m )
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’

Czech stát

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ta sklenic-e stojí jeden dolar
this. f . nom . sg glass( f )- nom . sg cost( ipfv ). prs .3 sg one[ m . acc . sg ] dollar( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘This glass costs one dollar.’

Danish koste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kopp-en koste-r en euro
cup( c )- def . sg cost- prs one euro( c )
‘The cup costs 1 euro.’

Dutch kosten

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
deze kopje kost één dollar
dem . n . sg cup( n ) cost.3 sg one dollar( c )
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Eastern Maninka yé/tɛ́

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Mánkoro sàba sɔ̀nkɔ` yé wáa kélen.
mango three price\ art be thousand one
‘Three mangos cost 1000 francs.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predication.

English cost

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
This cup costs 1 euro.

Estonian maksma

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
see tops maksa-b ühe euro
dem . sg . nom cup. sg . nom cost- prs .3 sg one. sg . gen euro. sg . gen
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’

Finnish maksaa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
tämä kuppi maks-aa yhden euro-n
this. nom cup. nom cost- prs .3 sg one. gen euro- gen
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’

Forest Enets *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ɛke tʃaʃka mirzo-za dʲuʔ bɛse
this cup price- nom . sg .3 sg hundred iron
‘The price of this cup is one hundred roubles’.
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as a non-verbal predicate.

French coûter

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
cette tasse coûte un dollar
def . sg . f cup( f ) cost. prs .3 sg indf . sg . m dollar( m )
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Georgian Ø-γir-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM
X: NOM
Y: NOM
Locus: Y
es č'ika-Ø ert-i dolar-i Ø-γir-s
dem . prox _ nom glass- nom one- nom dollar- nom s 3-cost- s 3 sg
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Due to its argument alignment properties, this verb is often treated among copulas.

German kosten

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
die Tasse koste-t ein-en Euro
def . f . nom . sg cup[ nom . sg ] cost- prs . sg one- m . acc . sg euro[ acc . sg ]
‘The cup costs 1 euro.’

Irish cosain

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Chosain an cupa=sa euro amhaín
pst /cost def cup= dem euro one
‘This cup costs one euro.’

Italian costare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
la tazz-a cost-a un dollar-o
def . sg . f cup- sg . f cost-3 sg . prs indf . sg . m dollar- sg . m
‘The cup costs a dollar.’

Kalderash Romani kərəl

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM
X: NOM
Y: NOM
Locus: Y
kaď-a kuć-i kərə-l jekh řubl-a
this- f . dir . sg cup- nom . sg cost- prs .3 sg one rouble- nom . sg
‘This cup costs one rouble.’

Kazakh tur

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Bul kese bіr dollar tur-adï
this cup one dollar cost- prs 2.3 sg
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Kazym Khanty *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
tǎm an-en tǝn-λ sɔt šɔjǝt
this cup- poss .2 sg price- poss .3 sg hundred rouble
‘This cup costs 100 roubles.’
Note: Not included in the database because 1) X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier and 2) Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate (not an argument).

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
cĩjo-s baha q'uni ʁuruš
соль( iv )- gen 1 стоимость два рубль( v )
‘Стоимость соли – два рубля.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. ИГ: в этом случае разорвать не получается, так что тут скорее единая ИГ.

Kina Rutul wiɁi

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
mi istek’an sa manut-a-s w-iɁi
this cup( nom ) one rouble- obl - dat 3- cop
‘This cup costs 1 rouble.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Latin consto

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
VI mil-ibus D tibi consta-re-nt ea
6 thousand( n )- abl . pl 500 you. dat cost- ipfv . sbjv - act .3 pl this. nom . pl . n
‘This would cost you 6500.’
Note: (Cic. In Verrem. 4, 1, 28)

Mandarin Chinese yào huā

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
zhè-ge bēizi yào huā shí-kuài qián
this- clf cup need cost ten- clf money
‘This cup costs ten yuan.’

Mingrelian Ø-γir-un-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM
X: NOM
Y: NOM
Locus: X
te č'irka-Ø art lar-(i) Ø-γir-u(n)-Ø.
dem . prox glass- nom one l ari-( nom ) s 3-cost-( sm )- s 3 sg . inact
‘This cup cost one Lari.’
Note: This verb phrase is likely to be a recent borrowing from Georgian.

Modern Hebrew ol-a

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ha kos ha z-ot ol-a juro
def cup def this[ sg ]- f cost[ ptcp ]- sg . f euro
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’

Nanai sali-

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
əj aleo əm tiəsə sali-ni
this tableware one rouble cost. npst - p .3 sg
‘This cup costs 1 rouble.’

Nivkh erʁad

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
tu + ŋirŋ ɲaqr̥ cʰχa e-rʁa-d
dem . prox + cup one rouble 3 sg -cost- ind
‘This cup costs 1 rouble.’

Northern Mansi *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Northern Yukaghir (ŋol=)

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
tu-ŋ suskǝ wаlˈǝ-gi mа̄rhа-n solkuobаj
prxm - at cup price- poss .3 one- gen rouble
‘This cup costs one rouble.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate (not an argument). Non-verbal predicate.

Norwegian Bokmål å koste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
denne kopp-en koste-r en dollar
this. m . sg cup- def . m . sg cost- prs one. m dollar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Polish kosztować

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ta filiżank-a kosztuje jeden dolar
this. f . nom . sg cup- nom . sg cost: ipfv . prs .3 sg one[ m . acc . sg ] dollar[ acc . sg ]
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Russian stoitʹ

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
èt-a čašk-a sto-it odin dollar
this- f . nom . sg cup( f )- nom . sg cost( ipfv )- prs .3 sg one[ m . acc . sg ] dollar( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’

Serbian koštati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ta šolj-a košta jedan dolar
this. nom . sg . f cup- nom . sg cost. prs .3 sg one. acc . sg . m dollar. acc . sg
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Shughni vidow

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
yid garδā 3 som
d 2. sg bread 3 somoni
‘This cup costs three somoni.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate (not an argument).

Skolt Saami mäʹhssed

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM
X: NOM
Y: NOM
Locus: Y
tät kopp mähss õhtt euʹrr
prox . sg . nom cup. sg . nom cost. prs .3 sg one. nom euro. nom
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’

Slovak stáť

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Hrnček stojí jedn-o eur-o
cup( m )- nom . sg cost( ipfv ). prs .3 sg one- n . acc . sg euro( n )- acc . sg
‘This glass costs one euro.’

Slovenian stati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ta skodelic-a stane en-o kron-o
this. nom . sg . f cup- nom . sg cost: ipfv . prs .3 sg one- acc . sg . f crown- acc . sg
‘This cup costs one crown.’

Sorani Kurdish beha hebûn

Valency pattern: SBJ_be
X: SBJ
Y: be
Locus: Y
ew fincan-e be yek yoro-ye
this cup- dem to one euro-be. prs .3 sg
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Spanish costar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
est-a taza cuest-a un dólar
this- sg . f cup[ sg . f ] cost- prs .3 sg art . ndef . sg . m dollar[ sg . m ]
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Swedish att kosta

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
den här kopp-en kosta-r 1 euro
def . c . sg here cup- def . c . sg cost- prs one euro
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: ACT_LIN
X: ACT
Y: LIN
Locus: Y
Nag-ka~ka-halaga ng piso ito-ng baso
av - com ~ ipfv -cost lin one_peso 3. sg . subj - lin cup
‘This cup costs 1 peso.’
Note: ??? Think about the COM marker (and read a comment on this). RG: “Piso here is like compass in 51”. “ “Ito” can be a demonstrative and the LIN links it to the noun, like “this cup”. This would have simply been “ang baso” if it had been “the cup” instead of “this cup””. “I sometimes feel like the “ng” is also used like “na” as a linker (51).”. SS. i) I took your last comment seriously and changed the gloss of “ng” in this sentence.

Telugu dhara + COP

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ī kappu dhara oka yūro
dem . prox cup( n ). sg . obl price( n ). sg . nom one euro( n ). sg . nom
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’
Note: Not included in the database because 1) X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier and 2) Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate (not an argument).

Turkish etmek

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
bu bardak bir lira ed-iyor
this glass one lira make- prs
‘This glass costs one lira.’

Ulcha bi-

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
əj mewti um taŋgu-du bī-ni
this gun one hundred- dat be. prs -3 sg
‘This gun costs a hundred (roubles).’

Uzbek turmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
bu čaška bir dollar tur-a-di
this cup one dollar stand- prs 2-3 sg
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’

West Central Oromo baasa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
waantʃ'aa-n kun birrii tokko baas-a
cup- nom this. nom birr one. abs cost-3 sg . m . pfv
‘This cup costs one birr.’

Zilo Andi baha

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ho-no-b kuruʃku-tɬi baha oziru-ɡu som
dem - emph - inan 1 cup. obl - gen price[ inan 1][ nom ] thousand- card rouble
‘This cup costs a thousand roubles.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.