‘catch up’
Argument frame: |
X
(catch up) with
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
(P. had an argument with M., M. went away, P. went after her.)
P.
caught up with
M
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
догнать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(догонять)
Y
(-а)
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(П. поссорился с М., и М. ушла. П. пошел за ней).
П.
догнал
М
.
|
Abaza
[χ’ə-]ʒa
Valency pattern:
ABS_LOCxe
|
X: ABS |
Y: LOCxe |
Locus: Y |
murád |
fatíma |
də-l-χ’ə́-ʒa-ṭ |
pn
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-3
sg
.
f
.
io
-
loc
-reach(
aor
)-
dcl
|
‘Murad caught up with Fatima.’ |
Adyghe
č̣ʼeλə-he
Valency pattern:
ABS_LOC.BEHIND.LOC.AFTER
|
X: ABS |
Y: LOC.BEHIND.LOC.AFTER |
Locus: Y |
č̣ʼale-r |
pŝaŝe-m |
č̣ʼe-λə-ha-ʁ |
парень-
abs
|
девушка-
obl
|
loc
:
behind
-
loc
:
after
-войти-
pst
|
‘Парень догнал девушку.’ |
Aghul
qukː.u-na ruq’.u-
Valency pattern:
ABS_POST
|
X: ABS |
Y: POST |
Locus: Y |
aslan |
qukː.u-na |
meʜemed.i-q |
ruq’.u-ne |
pn
|
chase.
pf
-
conv
|
pn
-
post
|
reach.
pf
-
aor
|
‘Aslan caught up with Muhammad’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+maṭə
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ka
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ka |
Locus: Y |
naša |
+mṭi-l |
ka |
baxt-u |
person(
m
)
|
arrive.
pst
-
ls
.3
m
|
to
|
woman(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
‘The man caught up with his wife.’ |
Bambara
kún
Valency pattern:
SBJ_la
|
X: SBJ |
Y: la |
Locus: Y |
Sékù |
bòli-la |
dén` |
nɔ̀fɛ̀ |
kà |
kún |
à |
lá |
pn
|
run-
pfv
.
intr
|
child\
art
|
behind
|
inf
|
catch.up
|
3
sg
|
in
|
‘Seku run after the child and caught him up.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
alcançar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
alcanç-ou |
Maria |
pn
(
m
)
|
reach-3
sg
.
pst
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Pedro caught up with Maria.’ |
Catalan
atrapar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
va |
atrap-ar |
la |
Maria |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
catch-
ind
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Pere caught up with Maria.’ |
Czech
dohnat
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr |
dohna-l |
Michal-a |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
catch_up(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petr caught up with Michal.’ |
Danish
indhente
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
indhente-de |
Marie |
pn
|
catch_up-
pst
|
pn
|
‘Peter caught up with Marie.’ |
Dutch
bijhalen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
hal-de |
Marie |
bij |
pn
(С)
|
catch-
pst
|
pn
(
c
)
|
at
|
‘Piet caught up with Marie.’ |
Eastern Maninka
kún
Valency pattern:
SBJ_do(POST)
|
X: SBJ |
Y: do(POST) |
Locus: Y |
Sékù |
kà |
kún |
dén` |
dɔ́. |
pn
|
aor
.
tr
|
fit.into
|
child/
art
|
in
|
‘Seku caught up with the child.’ |
English
catch up
Valency pattern:
SBJ_with
|
X: SBJ |
Y: with |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
caught |
up |
with |
Mary. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estonian
järele jõudma
Valency pattern:
NOM_ALL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ALL |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
jõud-is |
Mareti-le |
järele |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
reach-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
-
all
|
after
|
‘Peeter caught up with Maret.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (järele is not a flagging device). |
Finnish
ottaa kiinni
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Pekka |
ott-i |
Mati-n |
kiinni |
pn
.
nom
|
take-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
-
gen
|
shut
|
‘Pekka caught up with Matti’ |
Forest Enets
dʲɔbu
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
nɛ-da |
dʲɔbuɔ-za |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
woman-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
catch_up(
pfv
)-3
sg
.
so
sg
|
‘My friend caught up with his wife’. |
French
rattraper
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Paul |
a |
rattrapé |
Marie |
près |
du |
parc |
pn
(
m
)
|
have.
prs
.3
sg
|
catch_up.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
pn
(
f
)
|
near
|
of.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
park(
m
)
|
‘Paul caught up with Marie near the park.’ |
Georgian
da-Ø-e-c'ev-a (FUT)
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
p'et're-Ø |
mašo-s |
da-Ø-e-c'i-a |
pn
-
nom
|
pn
-
dat
|
prv
:downward-
io
3-
ver
:
r
-catch up-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
‘Petre caught up with Masho.’ |
German
einholen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
hol-te |
Marie |
ein |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
get-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
[
acc
.
sg
]
|
in
|
‘Karl caught up with Marie.’ |
Irish
tar suas
Valency pattern:
SBJ_le
|
X: SBJ |
Y: le |
Locus: Y |
Do=thanic |
Pól |
suas |
le |
Máire. |
pst
=catch.up
|
pn
|
up
|
with
|
pn
|
‘Pól caught up with Máire.’ |
Italian
rincorrere
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
ha |
rincorso |
Maria |
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
reach.
pst
.
ptcp
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Leo caught up with Maria.’ |
Kalderash Romani
dugunil
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
o |
Murš-a |
duguni-sarď-a |
la |
Marijk-a |
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
catch_up-
pst
-3
sg
|
art
.
f
.
obl
.
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Murša caught up with Marijka.’ |
Kazakh
quw-ïp žet
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
Maša-nï |
quw-ïp |
žet-tі |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
catch_up-
cvb
|
reach-
pst
1.3
sg
|
‘Petya caught up with Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
ԑλtǝ jŏχǝtti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en |
maša-j-ǝλ |
ԑλtǝ |
jŏχǝt-s-ǝλλe |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.3
sg
|
from_behind
|
come-
pst
-3
sg
.
so
|
‘Petja caught up with Maša.’ |
Khwarshi
Valency pattern:
ABS_GEN2
|
X: ABS |
Y: GEN2 |
Locus: Y |
šamil |
žoho |
ejta |
tušman-lo |
pn
(
i
)
|
сзади
|
[
i
]догнать\
pst
.
w
|
враг(
i
)-
gen
2
|
‘Шамиль догнал врага.’ |
Note: The use of GEN2 is determined by the spatial element “žoho” ‘behind’, which is part of the predicate. The two do not have to behave as a single constituent. |
Kina Rutul
qeqiq’ɨra
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUB
|
X: NOM |
Y: SUB |
Locus: Y |
rasul |
qe-q-iq’ɨ-r=a |
samira-χda |
pn
(
nom
)
|
pv
-
re
-1.catch.up.
pfv
-
cvb
=be
|
pn
-
sub
|
‘Rasul caught up with Samira.’ |
Latin
consequor
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
ego |
ill-um |
in |
praetur-a |
sum |
consecut-us |
i
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
that-
acc
.
sg
.
m
|
in
|
praetorship(
f
)-
abl
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.
ind
.
act
.1
sg
|
catch_up.
prf
.
ptcp
.
pass
-
nom
.
sg
.
m
|
‘I caught up with him in the praetorship.’ |
Note: (Plin. Ep. 7, 16, 2) |
Mandarin Chinese
zhuī-shàng
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Zhāngsān |
zhuī-shàng |
le |
Lǐsì |
pn
|
chase-up
|
pfv
|
pn
|
‘Zhangsan caught up with Lisi.’ |
Mingrelian
gi-Ø-o-č'iš-an-s (FUT)
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
X: ERG |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
čelo-k |
anučia-s |
ki-gi-Ø-o-č'iš-u. |
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
dat
|
aff
-
prv
-
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-catch_up-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
‘Chelo caught up with Anuchia.’ |
Modern Hebrew
higia
Valency pattern:
SBJ_el
|
X: SBJ |
Y: el |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas |
higia |
el |
Mirjam |
pn
|
reach[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
towards
|
pn
|
‘Pinchas caught up with Miriam.’ |
Nanai
xaŋpan-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
Maša-wa |
xaŋpaŋ-ki-ni |
pn
|
pn
-
obl
|
catch_up-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia caught up with Masha.’ |
Nivkh
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Northern Mansi
jujəljoxtəste
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
kūt’uw |
jujəl=joxt-əs-t-e |
ōtr-e |
dog
|
after=go-
pst
-3
sg
.
o
-3
sg
.
s
|
master-
poss
.3
sg
|
‘The dog catched up with its master.’ |
Northern Yukaghir
pǝl=
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Sǝmiǝn |
Əkulˈǝ-ɣаnǝ |
mǝ |
pǝl-u-m |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
aff
|
catch_up-0-
tr
.3
sg
|
‘Semien caught up with Akulina.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å ta igjen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
tok |
Kari |
igjen |
pn
|
take.
pst
|
pn
|
again
|
‘Per caught up with Kari.’ |
Polish
dogonić
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Maciek |
dogoni-ł |
Jank-a |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
catch_up:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Maciek caught up with Janek.’ |
Russian
dognatʹ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja |
dogna-l |
Maš-u |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
catch_up(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
pn
(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petja caught up with Maša.’ |
Serbian
stići
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
je |
stiga-o |
Marij-u |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
catch.up-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petar caught up with Maria.’ |
Shughni
daryov čīdow
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Ahmed=i |
Karamšo |
daryov |
čūd |
pn
=3
sg
|
pn
|
capture
|
do.
pst
|
‘Ahmed caught up with Karamsho.’ |
Skolt Saami
tääʹvted
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
tääʹvt-i |
Määʹrj |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
grab-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete caught up with Maria’ |
Slovak
dostihnúť
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
dostiho-l |
Mark-a |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
catch_up(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Peter caught up with Marek.’ |
Slovenian
dohiteti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
patrulj-a |
je |
dohite-l-a |
Petr-a |
patrol-
nom
.
sg
|
aux
.3
sg
|
catch_up:
pfv
-
lpt
-
f
.
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
‘The patrol caught up with Peter.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
girtnewe
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Hîwa |
Kamran=î |
le |
r̂êga-ke-da |
girt-Ø-ewe |
pn
|
pn
=3
sg
.
pc
|
from
|
way-
def
-in
|
catch.
pst
-3
sg
-
asp
|
‘Hiwa caught up with Kamran on the way.’ |
Note: The OBL.3SG morpheme indexes the subject of the transitive clause in the past tense. |
Spanish
alcanzar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
ha |
alcanza-do |
a |
Maria |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
reach-
ptcp
:
prf
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro caught up with Maria.’ |
Swedish
att hinna i kapp
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
hann |
ikapp |
Maja |
pn
|
be_in_time.
pst
|
caught_up_with
|
pn
|
‘Björn caught up with Maja.’ |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
ACT_LOC
|
X: ACT |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
H<um>abol |
si |
Pedro |
kay |
Miguel |
<
av
>
pfv
.catch
|
up
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
pers
.
dat
pn
|
‘Pedro caught up with Miguel.’ |
Note: Can you change the voice and turn Miguel into the subject here? |
Telugu
cērukōnu
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pravīṇ |
maheṣ-ni |
cērukunnāḍu |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
-
acc
|
join.
pst
.3
sg
.
m
|
‘Praveen caught up with Mahesh.’ |
Turkish
yetişmek
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Mehmet |
Filiz-e |
yetiş-ti |
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
catch_up-
pst
|
‘Mehmet caught up with Filiz.’ |
Ulcha
xaŋpanǯu-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
xusə |
piktə |
əktə |
piktə-wə |
xaŋpan-ǯu-xa-ni |
male
|
child
|
female
|
child-
acc
|
pursue-
rep
-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘The boy caught up with the girl.’ |
Uzbek
etvolmoq
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
Maša-ga |
etvol-di |
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
chase-
pst
.3
sg
|
‘Petja caught up with Maša.’ |
West Central Oromo
k'ak'k'abata
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
obsaa-n |
boontuu |
k'ak'k'ab-at-e |
pn
-
nom
|
pn
.
abs
|
catch_up-
mid
-3
sg
.
m
.
pfv
|
‘Obsa caught up with Bontu.’ |
Zilo Andi
<w>-eχudu <w>-oqχ.o-j
Valency pattern:
NOM_CONT
|
X: NOM |
Y: CONT |
Locus: Y |
ali |
muħammadi-tʃ’u |
w-eχudu |
w-oqχ.o-j |
pn
[
m
][
nom
]
|
pn
-
cont
|
m
-after
|
m
-reach.
pst
-
pf
|
‘Ali caught up with Muhammad.’ |