‘call’
Argument frame: |
X
(call)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
(P. tried to open the door himself, but he didn’t manage. Then)
P.
called
M
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
звать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(звать)
Y
-а
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(П. пытался сам открыть дверь, но не смог. Тогда)
П.
позвал
М
.
|
Abaza
ʕa-z-č̣ə-t
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
murád |
rasúl |
d-ʕa-z-č̣ə́-j-t-d |
pn
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-
cisl
-
ben
-
loc
-3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-call(
aor
)-
dcl
|
‘Murad called Rasul.’ |
Adyghe
je-ǯʼe
Valency pattern:
ABS_DAT
|
X: ABS |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
ŝeweẑəje-r |
č̣ʼelejeʁaǯʼe-m |
q-je-ǯʼa-ʁ |
мальчик-
abs
|
учитель-
obl
|
csl
-3
sg
.
io
+
dat
-звать-
pst
|
‘Мальчик позвал учителя.’ |
Aghul
un-aq’.u-
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
X: ERG |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
aslan.a |
meʜemed.i-s |
un-aq’.u-ne |
pn
(
erg
)
|
pn
-
dat
|
sound-do.
pf
-
aor
|
‘Aslan called Muhammad.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+karə
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
naša |
+kəry-a-l |
baxt-u |
person(
m
)
|
call.
pst
-
ss
.3
f
-
ls
.3
m
|
woman(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
‘The man called his wife.’ |
Bambara
wéele
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Fántà |
ye |
Sékù |
wéele |
pn
|
pfv
.
tr
|
pn
|
call
|
‘Fanta called Seku.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
chamar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
cham-ou |
Miguel |
pn
(
m
)
|
call-3
sg
.
pst
|
pn
(
m
)
|
‘Pedro called Miguel.’ |
Catalan
trucar
Valency pattern:
SBJ_DAT
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
en |
Pere |
va |
truc-ar |
al |
Marc |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
call-
inf
|
to.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
‘Pere called Marc.’ |
Note: Cf. "en Pere li va trucar" |
Czech
zavolat
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
|
X: NOM |
Y: naACC |
Locus: Y |
Petr |
zavola-l |
na |
Michal-a |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
call(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
on
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petr called Michal.’ |
Danish
kalde
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
kald-te |
på |
Marie |
pn
|
call-
pst
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Peter called Marie.’ |
Dutch
roepen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
heeft |
Marie |
ge-roep-en |
pn
(С)
|
have.3
sg
|
pn
(С)
|
ptcp
-call-
ptcp
|
‘Piet called Marie.’ |
Eastern Maninka
wéle
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Sékù |
kà |
Fónbà |
wéle. |
pn
|
aor
.
tr
|
pn
|
call
|
‘Seku called Fomba.’ |
English
call
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Estonian
helistama
Valency pattern:
NOM_ALL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ALL |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
helista-s |
Mareti-le |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
call-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
-
all
|
‘Peeter called Maret.’ |
Finnish
kutsua
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
kutsu-i |
Matti-a |
pn
.
nom
|
call-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
-
part
|
‘Pekka called Matti.’ |
Note: It is not clear whether M. came or didn’t come after all. |
Forest Enets
kaata
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
kasa |
nʲe-da |
kaata |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
man
|
child-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
call(
pfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘My friend called his son’. |
French
appeler
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Paul |
a |
appelé |
Marie |
pn
(
m
)
|
have.
prs
.3
sg
|
call.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Paul called Marie.’ |
Georgian
mo-Ø-u-xm-ob-s (FUT)
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
X: ERG |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
p'et're-m |
mašo-s |
mo-Ø-u-xm-o |
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
dat
|
prv
:
prox
-
io
3-
ver
:
s
-call_out-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
‘Petre called Masho.’ |
German
rufen
Valency pattern:
NOM_nachDAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: nachDAT |
Locus: Y |
Karl |
rief |
nach |
Marie |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
call.
pst
.3
sg
|
after
|
pn
[
dat
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl called Marie.’ |
Irish
glaoigh
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ar
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ar |
Locus: Y |
Do=glaoigh |
Pól |
air |
Mháire. |
pst
=call
|
pn
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Pól called Máire.’ |
Italian
chiamare
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
ha |
chiamato |
Maria |
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
call.
pst
.
ptcp
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Leo called Maria.’ |
Kalderash Romani
akharəl
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
o |
Murš-a |
akhar-ď-a |
la |
Marijk-a |
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
call-
pst
-3
sg
|
art
.
f
.
obl
.
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Murša called Marijka.’ |
Kazakh
šaqïr
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
Maša-nï |
šaqïr-dï |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
call-
pst
1.3
sg
|
‘Petya called Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
wɔχti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en |
waśa-j-ǝλ |
wɔχ-ǝs |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.3
sg
|
call-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja called Vasja.’ |
Khwarshi
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
de |
gojƛ'a |
hamaʁe |
1
sg
.
erg
|
звать\
pst
.
w
|
друг
|
‘Я позвал друга.’ |
Kina Rutul
ses hawɨr
Valency pattern:
ERG_SUB
|
X: ERG |
Y: SUB |
Locus: Y |
rasul-a |
ramazan-ɨ-χda |
ses |
ha<w>ɨ-r |
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
obl
-
sub
|
sound
|
<3>do.
pfv
-
cvb
|
‘Rasul called Ramazan.’ |
Latin
voco
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
(Caecin-a) |
serv-um-que |
su-um |
nomin-e |
Antioch-um |
ad |
se |
voca-v-it |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
slave(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
-and
|
one’s_own-
acc
.
sg
.
m
|
name(
n
)-
abl
.
sg
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
at
|
refl
.
acc
|
call-
prf
-
ind
.
act
.3
sg
|
‘(Caecina) summoned his slave named Antiochus.’ |
Note: (Cic. Pro Caec. 22) |
Mandarin Chinese
jiào
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Zhāngsān |
jiào-lái |
le |
Lǐsì |
pn
|
call-come
|
pfv
|
pn
|
‘Zhangsan called Lisi and made him come.’ |
Mingrelian
d-Ø-u-ʒax-en-s (FUT)
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
X: ERG |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
čelo-k |
anučia-s |
d-Ø-u-ʒax-(u). |
pn
-
erg
|
pn
-
dat
|
prv
-
io
3-
ver
:
o
-call-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
‘Chelo called Anuchia.’ |
Note: This verb is a recent borrowing from Georgian. |
Modern Hebrew
hitkaʃer
Valency pattern:
SBJ_le
|
X: SBJ |
Y: le |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas |
hitkaʃer |
le |
Menaχem |
pn
|
call[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
to
|
pn
|
‘Pinchas called Menachem.’ |
Nanai
xəərsi-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
totara |
Maša |
Petia-wə |
xəərsi-xə-ni |
then
|
pn
|
pn
-
obl
|
call-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Then Masha called Petia.’ |
Nivkh
jazd
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
Ajsana |
+ |
az-d |
pn
|
pn
|
+
|
call-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik called Ajsana.’ |
Northern Mansi
wowəste
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
ɕān’-e |
wōw-əs-t-e |
āɣi-te |
mother-
poss
.3
sg
|
call-
pst
-3
sg
.
o
-3
sg
.
s
|
girl-
poss
.3
sg
|
‘The mother called her daughter.’ |
Northern Yukaghir
nˈiǝ=
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Sǝmiǝn |
Əkulˈǝ |
nˈiǝ-mǝ-lǝ |
pn
|
pn
|
call-
tr
-
of
.3
sg
|
‘Semien called Akulina.’ |
Note: Lit. ‘One year has passed since X’s getting acquainted with Y.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å rope
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
Per |
rop-te |
på |
Ola |
pn
|
call-
pst
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Per called Ola.’ |
Polish
zawołać
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Józef |
zawoła-ł |
zięci-a |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
call:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
son_in_law-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Józef called his son in law.’ |
Russian
pozvatʹ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja |
pozva-l |
Maš-u |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
call(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
pn
(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petja called Maša.’ |
Serbian
pozvati
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
je |
pozva-o |
Marij-u |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
call-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petar called Maria.’ |
Shughni
qīwdow
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Azim=i |
xu |
nān |
qīw-d |
pn
=3
sg
|
refl
|
mother
|
call-
pst
|
‘Azim called his mother.’ |
Skolt Saami
čuârvvad
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
čuârva-i |
Määʹrj |
vieʹǩǩ-en |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
shout-
pst
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
help-
ess
.
|
‘Pete shouted to Maria for help.’ |
Slovak
zavolať
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
zavola-l |
Mark-a |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
call(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Peter called Marek.’ |
Slovenian
poklicati
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
je |
poklica-l |
zet-a |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
call:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
son_in_law-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Peter called his son-in-law.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
zeng lêdan
Valency pattern:
SBJ_bo
|
X: SBJ |
Y: bo |
Locus: Y |
Hîwa |
zeng=î |
bo |
Kamr̂an-î |
lê-da-Ø |
pn
|
bell=3
sg
.
pc
|
for
|
pn
-
obl
|
prev
-give.
pst
-3
sg
|
‘Hiwa called Kamran.’ |
Note: The OBL.3SG morpheme indexes the subject of the transitive clause in the past tense. |
Spanish
llamar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
entonces |
Pedro |
llam-ó |
a |
María |
then
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
call-
aor
.3
sg
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro called Maria.’ |
Swedish
att ropa
Valency pattern:
SBJ_pa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: pa |
Locus: Y |
Björn |
ropa-de |
på |
Maja |
pn
|
call-
pst
|
on
|
pn
|
‘Björn called Maja.’ |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ACT |
Y: UND |
Locus: TR |
T<in>awag |
ni |
Pedro |
si |
Miguel |
<
pv
>
pfv
.call
|
pers
.
gen
|
pn
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
‘Pedro called Miguel.’ |
Telugu
pilucu
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pravīṇ |
maheṣ-ni |
pilicāḍu |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
-
acc
|
call.
pst
.3
sg
.
m
|
‘Praveen called Mahesh.’ |
Turkish
çağırmak
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Filiz |
Mehmed-i |
çağır-dı |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
call-
pst
|
‘Filiz called Mehmet.’ |
Ulcha
xərsi-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
tara |
ən-bi |
xərsi-xə-ni |
then
|
mother-
refl
.
sg
|
call-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘Then [he] called his mother.’ |
Uzbek
čaqirmoq
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
Maša-ni |
čaqir-di |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
go_out-
pst
.3
sg
|
‘Petja called Maša.’ |
West Central Oromo
waammata
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
obsaa-n |
boontuu |
waamm-at-e |
pn
-
nom
|
pn
.
abs
|
call-
mid
-3
sg
.
m
.
pfv
|
‘Obsa called Bontu.’ |
Zilo Andi
qχ’or.i
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
pat’imati-di |
muħammad |
qχ’or.i |
pn
-
erg
|
pn
[
m
][
nom
]
|
call.
pst
(
aor
)
|
‘Patimat called Muhammad.’ |