‘break’
| Argument frame: |
X
(break)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
P.
broke
a stick
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
ломать
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(ломать)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
сломал
палку
.
|
Abaza
qə-ĉ̣a
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| á-č’ḳʷən |
a-labá |
qə-j-ĉ̣á-d |
|
def
-boy
|
def
-stick
|
loc
-3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-break(
aor
)-
dcl
|
| ‘The boy broke the stick.’ |
Aghul
arʕ.u-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a |
t’ul |
arʕ.u-ne |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
branch
|
break.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Aslan broke a stick.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+šaməṭ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| yala |
kesa |
+šməṭ-lə |
|
boy(
m
)
|
wood(
m
)
|
break.
pst
-
ls
.3
m
|
| ‘The boy broke a stick.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
quebrou |
o |
bastão |
|
| ‘Педру сломал палку.’ |
Czech
zlomit
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr |
zlomi-l |
tyč |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
break(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
stick(
f
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Petr broke a stick.’ |
Finnish
katkoa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka |
katko-i |
oksa-n |
|
pn
.
nom
|
break-
pst
.3
sg
|
branch-
gen
|
| ‘Pekka broke a branch.’ |
Forest Enets
mɔree
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
pɛ |
mɔj |
mɔree |
|
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
wood
|
branch
|
break(
pfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
| ‘My friend broke a wooden stick’. |
Latin
frango
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Apollo |
inde |
ram-um |
freg-it |
et |
in |
caput |
imposu-it |
|
pn
(
m
).
nom
.
sg
|
after_that
|
branch(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
break[
prf
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
and
|
in
|
head(
n
).
acc
.
sg
|
put[
prf
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
| ‘Apollo broke a branch and placed it on his head.’ |
| Note: (Hyginus. Fabulae. 203, 1) |
Modern Hebrew
ʃavar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas |
ʃavar |
makel |
|
pn
|
break[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
stick
|
| ‘Pinchas broke a stick.’ |
Nanai
bojali-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia |
moka-mba |
boja.le-ха-ni |
|
pn
|
small_tree-
obl
|
break.
pfv
-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia broke a stick.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å ødelegge
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
ødela |
stokk-en |
|
pn
|
break.
pst
|
stick-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
| ‘Per broke a stick.’ |
Polish
złamać
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Jan |
złama-ł |
lask-ę |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
break:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
stick-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Jan broke a stick.’ |
Russian
slomatʹ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja |
sloma-l |
palk-u |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
break(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
stick(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja broke a stick.’ |
Rutul
q’at’ hɨɁɨr
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a |
t’at’al |
q’at’ |
hɨɁɨ-r |
|
pn
-
erg
|
stick(
nom
)
|
half
|
4.
lv
.
pfv
-
cvb
|
| ‘Rasul broke a stick.’ |
Skolt Saami
tuäjjad
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
tuäja-i |
sueʹbb |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
break-
pst
.3
sg
|
stick.
sg
.
acc
|
| ‘Pete broke a stick.’ |
Slovenian
zlomiti
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
je |
zlomi-l |
palčk-o |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
break:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
stick-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter broke a stick.’ |
Swedish
att knäcka
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
knäck-te |
en |
pinne |
|
pn
|
break-
pst
|
indf
.
c
.
sg
|
stick
|
| ‘Björn broke a stick.’ |
Turkish
kırmak
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet |
dal-ı |
kır-dı |
|
pn
|
branch-
acc
|
break-
pst
|
| ‘Mehmet broke a stick.’ |
Ulcha
kiŋdali-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| xusə |
piktə |
mō-wa |
kiŋdala-xa-ni |
|
male
|
child
|
tree-
acc
|
break-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘The boy broke a stick.’ |
Zilo Andi
<r>-iqχ-onɬ.i
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ali-di |
ts’ur |
r-iqχ-onɬ.i |
|
pn
-
erg
|
stick[
inan
2][
nom
]
|
inan
2-break-
caus
.
pst
(
aor
)
|
| ‘Ali broke the stick.’ |
