‘bite’
| Argument frame: | X (bite) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | A dog bit P. . |
| Predicate label Ru: | кусать |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (кусать) Y -а |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | Собака укусила П . |
| Valency pattern: ABS_IO |
| X: ABS |
| Y: IO |
| Locus: Y |
| a-lá | sará | j-ʕa-sə-cha-d |
| def -dog | i | 3 sg . n . abs - cisl -1 sg . io -bite( aor )- dcl |
| ‘The dog bit me.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| χuj.i | fac.u-ne | aslan |
| dog( erg ) | grasp. pf - aor | pn |
| ‘A dog bit (lit. ‘grasped’) Aslan.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| brata | calba | +krəṭ-o=l |
| girl( f ) | dog( m ) | bite. pst - p .3 f =3 m |
| ‘A dog bit the girl.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| buniki | kasa-jʔ | sɛkura |
| dog | man- nom . sg .1 sg | bite( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘A dog bit my friend’. | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| kelev | naʃaχ | et | Pinχas |
| dog | bite[ pst .3 sg . m ] | do | pn |
| ‘A dog bit Pinchas.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| enda | Petia-wə | səkpəŋ-ki-ni |
| собака | pn - obl | кусать- pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Собака укусила Петю.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| hund-en | bet | Per |
| dog- def . m . sg | bite. pst | pn |
| ‘The dog bit Per.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| sobak-a | ukusi-l-a | Pet-ju |
| dog( f )- nom . sg | bite( pfv )- pst - f . sg | pn ( m )- acc . sg |
| ‘A dog bit Petja.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: ERG_INTER |
| X: ERG |
| Y: INTER |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul-u-k | tɨlɨj-ra | sɨs | k-iʔɨ-r |
| pn - obl - inter | dog. obl - erg | tooth( nom ) | pv -4. lv . pfv - cvb |
| ‘A dog bit Rasul.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| piânnai | snauʹǩ-i | suu |
| dog. sg . nom | bite- pst .3 sg | 3 sg . acc |
| ‘A dog bit him.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pes | je | ugrizni-l | mam-o |
| dog[ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | bite: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | mother- acc . sg |
| ‘A dog bit the mother.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en | hund | bet | Björn |
| indf . c . sg | dog | bite. pst | pn |
| ‘A dog bit Björn.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| köpek | Mehmed-i | ısır-dı |
| dog | pn - acc | bite- pst |
| ‘A dog bit Mehmet.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| min | xusə | piktə-wə-ji | iŋda | iktəmən-či-ni |
| my | male | child- acc -1 sg | dog | bite- pst -3 sg |
| ‘A dog bit my son.’ | ||||
| Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER |
| X: ERG |
| Y: SUPER |
| Locus: Y |
| χʷedo-di | qχ’amm.i-j | pat’imati-ʔa |
| dog. obl - erg | bite. pst - pf | pn - super |
| ‘The dog bit Patimat.’ | ||