‘bend’
| Argument frame: | X (bend) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. bent the branch . |
| Predicate label Ru: | гнуть |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (гнуть) Y |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. согнул ветку . |
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| á-č̣’ḳʷən | a-q̇ʷadáma | j-rə́-qʷa-ṭ |
| def -boy | def -branch | 3 sg . m . erg - caus -bend( aor )- dcl |
| ‘The boy bent the branch.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a | t’ul | č’ut’.u-ne |
| pn ( erg ) | branch | crush. pf - aor |
| ‘Aslan bent the branch.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| +Ašur | +ṭip-e-lə | +pavan=ət | ilana |
| pn | bend. pst - ss ( o ).3 pl - ls .3 m | branch( m ). pl = rel | tree( m ) |
| ‘Ashur bent the branch.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr | ohnu-l | větev |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | bend( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | branch( f )[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Petr bent the branch.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka | taivutt-i | oksa-n |
| pn . nom | bend- pst .3 sg | branch- gen |
| ‘Pekka bent the branch.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | niga | bujurta |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | bushes | bend( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend bent the branch’. | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| (Amor-Ø) | curva-v-it | flexil-e | corn-um |
| Амур( m )- nom . sg | гнуть- prf - ind . act .3 sg | гибкий- acc . sg . n | рог( n )- acc . sg |
| ‘(Амур) изогнул податливый рог.’ | |||
| Note: (Ov. Met. V, 383) | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | kofef | et | ha | anaf |
| pn | bend[ pst .3 sg . m ] | do | def | branch |
| ‘Pinchas bent the branch.’ | ||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | suktu-wə | uri.ə-wəŋ-ki-ni |
| pn | ветка- obl | гнуться- caus - pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Петя согнул ветку.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | bøy-de | gren-en |
| pn | bend- pst | branch- def . m . sg |
| ‘Per bent the branch.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Paweł | zgią-ł | gałąź |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | согнуть: pfv \ m - pst [ m .3 sg ] | ветка[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Павел согнул ветку.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | sognu-l | vetk-u |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | bend( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | branch( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petja bent the branch.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a | dal | q’-u<t’>k’-e | hɨɁɨ-r |
| pn - erg | branch( nom ) | pv -<4>bend( intr )- imp | 4.do. pfv - cvb |
| ‘Rasul bent the branch.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | poonnj-i | ååuʹs |
| pn . sg . nom | bend- pst .3 sg | branch. sg . acc |
| ‘Pete bent the branch.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pavel | je | upogni-l | vej-o |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | bend: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | branch- acc . sg |
| ‘Pavel bent the branch.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | böj-de | gren-en |
| pn | bend- pst | branch- def . c . sg |
| ‘Björn bent the branch.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | dal-ı | bük-tü |
| pn | branch- acc | bend- pst |
| ‘Mehmet bent the branch.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| tara | ti | mərgən | mə̄n | ǯai | mokčo-mokčo | opa-wan-da |
| then | that | hero | self | birch_boat | bent | become- caus - cvb . nsim |
| ‘Then this hero bent his birch boat.’ | ||||||
| Note: This example is taken from natural texts. | ||||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| pat’imati-di | anɡa | tʃ’ab-oɬ.i |
| pn - erg | branch[ inan 1][ nom ] | bend- caus . pst ( aor ) |
| ‘Patimat bent the branch.’ | ||