‘bend’
| Argument frame: | X (bend) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. bent the branch . |
| Predicate label Ru: | гнуть |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (гнуть) Y |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. согнул ветку . |
Abaza rə.qʷa
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| á-č̣’ḳʷən | a-q̇ʷadáma | j-rə́-qʷa-ṭ |
| def -boy | def -branch | 3 sg . m . erg - caus -bend( aor )- dcl |
| ‘The boy bent the branch.’ | ||
Aghul č’ut’.u-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a | t’ul | č’ut’.u-ne |
| pn ( erg ) | branch | crush. pf - aor |
| ‘Aslan bent the branch.’ | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +ṭayəp
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| +Ašur | +ṭip-e-lə | +pavan=ət | ilana |
| pn | bend. pst - ss ( o ).3 pl - ls .3 m | branch( m ). pl = rel | tree( m ) |
| ‘Ashur bent the branch.’ | |||
Brazilian Portuguese dobrar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | dobr-ou | o | galho |
| pn ( m ) | bend-3 sg . pst | def . m | branch( m ) |
| ‘Pedro bent the branch.’ | |||
Catalan doblegar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en | Pere | va | dobleg-ar | la | branca |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | go.3 sg . prs . ind | bend- inf | def . sg . f | branch( f ) |
| ‘Pere bent the branch.’ | |||||
Czech ohnout
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr | ohnu-l | větev |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | bend( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | branch( f )[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Petr bent the branch.’ | ||
Danish bøje
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter | bøje-de | gren-en |
| pn | bend- pst | branch( c )- def . sg |
| ‘Peter bent the branch.’ | ||
Dutch buigen
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet | heeft | de | tak | ge-bog-en |
| pn (С) | have.3 sg | art . def . c | branch(С) | ptcp -bend- ptcp |
| ‘Piet bent the branch.’ | ||||
Estonian painutama
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Peeter | painuta-s | oksa |
| pn . sg . nom | bend- pst .3 sg | branch. sg . part |
| ‘Peeter bent the branch.’ | ||
Finnish taivuttaa
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka | taivutt-i | oksa-n |
| pn . nom | bend- pst .3 sg | branch- gen |
| ‘Pekka bent the branch.’ | ||
Forest Enets bujurta
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | niga | bujurta |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | bushes | bend( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend bent the branch’. | |||
German beugen
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl | beug-te | ein-en | Zweig |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | bend- pst .3 sg | indf - m . acc . sg | branch[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Karl bent the branch.’ | |||
Italian piegare
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo | ha | piegato | un | ramoscell-o |
| pn ( m ) | aux .3 sg . prs | bend. pst . ptcp | indf . sg . m | branch- sg . m |
| ‘Pedro bent a branch.’ | ||||
Kazakh mayïstïr
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya | butaq-tï | mayïstïr-dï |
| pn | branch- acc | bend- pst 1.3 sg |
| ‘Petya bent the branch.’ | ||
Kazym Khanty mɛnši
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pet’a-j-en | nŭw | mɛnš-əs |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | branch | bend- pst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja bent the branch.’ | ||
Latin curvo
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| (Amor) | curva-v-it | flexil-e | corn-um |
| pn ( m ). nom . sg | bend- prf - ind . act .3 sg | flexible- acc . sg . n | horn( n )- acc . sg |
| ‘(Cupid) bent his flexible horn.’ | |||
| Note: (Ov. Met. V, 383) | |||
Modern Hebrew kofef
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas | kofef | et | ha | anaf |
| pn | bend[ pst .3 sg . m ] | do | def | branch |
| ‘Pinchas bent the branch.’ | ||||
Nanai uriəwən-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | suktu-wə | uri.ə-wəŋ-ki-ni |
| pn | branch- obl | bend. intr - caus - pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia bent the branch.’ | ||
Nivkh *
| Valency pattern: NA |
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
| * |
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål å bøye
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | bøy-de | gren-en |
| pn | bend- pst | branch- def . m . sg |
| ‘Per bent the branch.’ | ||
Polish zgiąć
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Paweł | zgią-ł | gałąź |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | bend: pfv \ m - pst [ m .3 sg ] | branch[ acc . sg ] |
| ‘Paweł bent the branch.’ | ||
Russian sognutʹ
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja | sognu-l | vetk-u |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | bend( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] | branch( f )- acc . sg |
| ‘Petja bent the branch.’ | ||
Rutul q’ut’k’e hɨɁɨr
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a | dal | q’-u<t’>k’-e | hɨɁɨ-r |
| pn - erg | branch( nom ) | pv -<4>bend( intr )- imp | 4.do. pfv - cvb |
| ‘Rasul bent the branch.’ | |||
Serbian savio
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar | je | savi-o | gran-u |
| pn . nom . sg | быть. prs .3 sg | согнуть- part . perf . m . sg | ветка- acc . sg |
| ‘Петар согнул ветку.’ | |||
Shughni xām δêdow1
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Ahmed=i | wi | xêx̌čak | xām | δod |
| pn =3 sg | d 3. m . sg . obl | branch | bend | give. pst |
| ‘Ahmed bent the branch.’ | ||||
Skolt Saami poonnjâd
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | poonnj-i | ååuʹs |
| pn . sg . nom | bend- pst .3 sg | branch. sg . acc |
| ‘Pete bent the branch.’ | ||
Slovenian upogniti
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pavel | je | upogni-l | vej-o |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | aux .3 sg | bend: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] | branch- acc . sg |
| ‘Pavel bent the branch.’ | |||
Spanish encorvar
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro | ha | encorva-do | una | rama |
| pn [ sg . m ] | aux .3 sg | bend- ptcp : prf | art . ndef . sg . f | branch[ sg . f ] |
| ‘Pedro bent the branch.’ | ||||
Swedish att böja
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | böj-de | gren-en |
| pn | bend- pst | branch- def . c . sg |
| ‘Björn bent the branch.’ | ||
Turkish bükmek
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet | dal-ı | bük-tü |
| pn | branch- acc | bend- pst |
| ‘Mehmet bent the branch.’ | ||
Ulcha mokčo-mokčo opawan-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| tara | ti | mərgən | mə̄n | ǯai | mokčo-mokčo | opa-wan-da |
| then | that | hero | self | birch_boat | bent | become- caus - cvb . nsim |
| ‘Then this hero bent his birch boat.’ | ||||||
| Note: This example is taken from natural texts. | ||||||
Zilo Andi tʃ’ab-oɬ.i
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| pat’imati-di | anɡa | tʃ’ab-oɬ.i |
| pn - erg | branch[ inan 1][ nom ] | bend- caus . pst ( aor ) |
| ‘Patimat bent the branch.’ | ||