BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘believe’

Argument frame: X (believe) Y
Stimulus sentence: P. believes M .
Predicate label Ru: верить
Argument frame Ru: X (верить) Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. верит М .

Abaza [z-]qa-c̣a

Valency pattern: ERG_BEN
X: ERG
Y: BEN
Locus: Y
rasúl zaréma j-lə-z-qá-j-c̣-əj-ṭ
pn pn 3 sg . n . abs -3 sg . f . io - ben - loc -3 sg . m . erg -believe- prs - dcl
‘Rasul believes Zarema.’

Aghul quχ.u-

Valency pattern: ABS_POST
X: ABS
Y: POST
Locus: Y
aslan meʜemed.i-q quχ.u-naa
pn pn - post believe. pf - prf
‘Aslan believes Muhammad.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic hammən

Valency pattern: SBJ_al
X: SBJ
Y: al
Locus: Y
+avvo naša hammun=əl +al baxt-u
dem 3. m person( m ) believe. prog =3 m on woman( f )- p .3 m
‘This man believes his wife.’

Brazilian Portuguese acreditar

Valency pattern: SBJ_em
X: SBJ
Y: em
Locus: Y
Pedro acredit-a em Miguel
pn ( m ) believe-3 sg . prs in pn ( m )
‘Pedro believes Miguel.’

Catalan creure

Valency pattern: SBJ_en
X: SBJ
Y: en
Locus: Y
en Pere creu en la Maria
def . sg . m pn ( m ) believe.3 sg . prs . ind in def . sg . f pn ( f )
‘Pere believes Maria.’

Czech věřit

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr věří Michal-ovi
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] believe( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( m )- dat . sg
‘Petr believes Michal.’

Danish tro

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Peter tro-r Marie
pn believe- prs on pn
‘Peter believes Marie.’

Dutch geloven

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet geloof-t Marie
pn (С) believe-3 sg pn (С)
‘Piet believes Marie.’

Estonian uskuma

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Peeter usu-b Mareti-t
pn . sg . nom believe- prs .3 sg pn - sg . part
‘Peeter believes Maret.’

Finnish uskoa

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Pekka usko-o Matti-a
pn . nom believe- prs .3 sg pn - part
‘Pekka believes Matti.’

Forest Enets pudiri

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
modʲi kasa-jʔ nɛ-xo-da pudiri
i man- nom . sg .1 sg woman- dat . sg - obl . sg .3 sg trust( ipfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend believes his wife’.

German glauben

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Karl glaub-t Marie
pn [ nom . sg ] believe- prs .3 sg pn [ dat . sg ]
‘Karl believes Marie.’

Italian credere

Valency pattern: SBJ_a
X: SBJ
Y: a
Locus: Y
Leo cred-e a Maria
pn ( m ) believe-3 sg . prs to pn ( f )
‘Leo believes Maria.’

Kazakh sen

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-ɣa sen-edі
pn pn - dat believe- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya believes Masha.’

Kazym Khanty ewǝλti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
petˊa-j-en waśa-j-eλ-a ewǝλ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg pn - ep - poss .3 sg - dat believe. npst [3 sg ]
‘Petja believes Vasja.’

Latin credo

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
quis nobis cred-e-t, cui nos?
who. nom . sg we. dat believe- fut . ind - act .3 sg who. dat . sg we. nom
‘Who will believe us, who will we believe?’
Note: (Cic. In Verrem. II, 1, 127)

Modern Hebrew maamin

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
Pinχas maamin le Menaχem
pn believe[ ptcp . sg . m ] to pn
‘Pinchas believes Menachem.’

Nanai agdača-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia Maša-wa agda-ča-j-ni
pn pn - obl believe- res - npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia believes Masha.’

Nivkh *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Norwegian Bokmål å tro

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per tro-r Ola
pn believe- prs pn
‘Per believes Ola.’

Polish wierzyć

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Michał wierzy ojc-u
pn [ nom . sg ] believe: pfv . prs .3 sg father- dat . sg
‘Michał believes his father.’

Russian veritʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet-ja ver-it Maš-e
pn ( m )- nom . sg believe( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petja believes Maša.’

Rutul inamiš jiʔi

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP
X: NOM
Y: SUP
Locus: Y
rasul inamiš jiʔi ramazan-ɨ
pn ( nom ) believe 1. cop pn - obl ( sup )
‘Rasul believes Ramazan.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Serbian veruje

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petar veruje Marij-i
pn . nom . sg верить. prs .3 sg pn - dat . sg
‘Петар верит Марии.’

Shughni bowar δêdow1

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
Ahmat Azim-ard bowari δī-d
pn pn - lat trust give-3 sg
‘Ahmed believes Azim.’

Skolt Saami åskkad

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peâtt åskk suu
pn . sg . nom believe. prs .3 sg 3 sg . acc
‘Pete believes her.’

Slovenian verjeti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
An-a verjame očet-u
pn - nom . sg believe: ipfv . prs .3 sg father- dat . sg
‘Ana believes her father.’

Spanish creer

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
X: SBJ
Y: NDIR.OBJ
Locus: Y
Pedro cre-e a María
pn [ sg . m ] believe- prs .3 sg ndir . obj pn [ sg . f ]
‘Pedro believes Maria.’

Swedish att tro

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn tro-r Maja
pn believe- prs pn
‘Björn believes Maja.’

Turkish inanmak

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet Filiz-e inan-iyor
pn pn - dat believe- prs
‘Mehmet believes Filiz.’

Ulcha agdi-

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
əj xusə piktə əktə piktə-ti agd-i-ni
this male child female child- lat trust- prs -3 sg
‘This boy believes the girl.’

Zilo Andi buʒ.u

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.LAT
Locus: Y
ali buʒ.u-r marjam-ʔo
pn [ m ][ nom ] believe. pst - prog pn - super . lat
‘Ali believes Mariam.’