‘believe’
| Argument frame: | X (believe) Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | P. believes M . |
| Predicate label Ru: | верить |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (верить) Y -у |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. верит М . |
Abaza [z-]qa-c̣a
| Valency pattern: ERG_BEN |
| X: ERG |
| Y: BEN |
| Locus: Y |
| rasúl | zaréma | j-lə-z-qá-j-c̣-əj-ṭ |
| pn | pn | 3 sg . n . abs -3 sg . f . io - ben - loc -3 sg . m . erg -believe- prs - dcl |
| ‘Rasul believes Zarema.’ | ||
Aghul quχ.u-
| Valency pattern: ABS_POST |
| X: ABS |
| Y: POST |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan | meʜemed.i-q | quχ.u-naa |
| pn | pn - post | believe. pf - prf |
| ‘Aslan believes Muhammad.’ | ||
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic hammən
| Valency pattern: SBJ_al |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: al |
| Locus: Y |
| +avvo | naša | hammun=əl | +al | baxt-u |
| dem 3. m | person( m ) | believe. prog =3 m | on | woman( f )- p .3 m |
| ‘This man believes his wife.’ | ||||
Brazilian Portuguese acreditar
| Valency pattern: SBJ_em |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: em |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | acredit-a | em | Miguel |
| pn ( m ) | believe-3 sg . prs | in | pn ( m ) |
| ‘Pedro believes Miguel.’ | |||
Catalan creure
| Valency pattern: SBJ_en |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: en |
| Locus: Y |
| en | Pere | creu | en | la | Maria |
| def . sg . m | pn ( m ) | believe.3 sg . prs . ind | in | def . sg . f | pn ( f ) |
| ‘Pere believes Maria.’ | |||||
Czech věřit
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr | věří | Michal-ovi |
| pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] | believe( ipfv ). prs .3 sg | pn ( m )- dat . sg |
| ‘Petr believes Michal.’ | ||
Danish tro
| Valency pattern: SBJ_pa |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: pa |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter | tro-r | på | Marie |
| pn | believe- prs | on | pn |
| ‘Peter believes Marie.’ | |||
Dutch geloven
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet | geloof-t | Marie |
| pn (С) | believe-3 sg | pn (С) |
| ‘Piet believes Marie.’ | ||
Estonian uskuma
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter | usu-b | Mareti-t |
| pn . sg . nom | believe- prs .3 sg | pn - sg . part |
| ‘Peeter believes Maret.’ | ||
Finnish uskoa
| Valency pattern: NOM_PART |
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka | usko-o | Matti-a |
| pn . nom | believe- prs .3 sg | pn - part |
| ‘Pekka believes Matti.’ | ||
Forest Enets pudiri
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | nɛ-xo-da | pudiri |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | woman- dat . sg - obl . sg .3 sg | trust( ipfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend believes his wife’. | |||
German glauben
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Karl | glaub-t | Marie |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | believe- prs .3 sg | pn [ dat . sg ] |
| ‘Karl believes Marie.’ | ||
Italian credere
| Valency pattern: SBJ_a |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: a |
| Locus: Y |
| Leo | cred-e | a | Maria |
| pn ( m ) | believe-3 sg . prs | to | pn ( f ) |
| ‘Leo believes Maria.’ | |||
Kazakh sen
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya | Maša-ɣa | sen-edі |
| pn | pn - dat | believe- prs 2.3 sg |
| ‘Petya believes Masha.’ | ||
Kazym Khanty ewǝλti
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| petˊa-j-en | waśa-j-eλ-a | ewǝλ |
| pn - ep - poss .2 sg | pn - ep - poss .3 sg - dat | believe. npst [3 sg ] |
| ‘Petja believes Vasja.’ | ||
Latin credo
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| quis | nobis | cred-e-t, | cui | nos? |
| who. nom . sg | we. dat | believe- fut . ind - act .3 sg | who. dat . sg | we. nom |
| ‘Who will believe us, who will we believe?’ | ||||
| Note: (Cic. In Verrem. II, 1, 127) | ||||
Modern Hebrew maamin
| Valency pattern: SBJ_le |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: le |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas | maamin | le | Menaχem |
| pn | believe[ ptcp . sg . m ] | to | pn |
| ‘Pinchas believes Menachem.’ | |||
Nanai agdača-
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | Maša-wa | agda-ča-j-ni |
| pn | pn - obl | believe- res - npst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Petia believes Masha.’ | ||
Nivkh *
| Valency pattern: NA |
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
| * |
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål å tro
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per | tro-r | Ola |
| pn | believe- prs | pn |
| ‘Per believes Ola.’ | ||
Polish wierzyć
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Michał | wierzy | ojc-u |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | believe: pfv . prs .3 sg | father- dat . sg |
| ‘Michał believes his father.’ | ||
Russian veritʹ
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja | ver-it | Maš-e |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | believe( ipfv )- prs .3 sg | pn ( f )- dat . sg |
| ‘Petja believes Maša.’ | ||
Rutul inamiš jiʔi
| Valency pattern: NOM_SUP |
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUP |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul | inamiš | jiʔi | ramazan-ɨ |
| pn ( nom ) | believe | 1. cop | pn - obl ( sup ) |
| ‘Rasul believes Ramazan.’ | |||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. | |||
Serbian veruje
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar | veruje | Marij-i |
| pn . nom . sg | верить. prs .3 sg | pn - dat . sg |
| ‘Петар верит Марии.’ | ||
Shughni bowar δêdow1
| Valency pattern: NOM_LAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Ahmat | Azim-ard | bowari | δī-d |
| pn | pn - lat | trust | give-3 sg |
| ‘Ahmed believes Azim.’ | |||
Skolt Saami åskkad
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt | åskk | suu |
| pn . sg . nom | believe. prs .3 sg | 3 sg . acc |
| ‘Pete believes her.’ | ||
Slovenian verjeti
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| An-a | verjame | očet-u |
| pn - nom . sg | believe: ipfv . prs .3 sg | father- dat . sg |
| ‘Ana believes her father.’ | ||
Spanish creer
| Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: NDIR.OBJ |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro | cre-e | a | María |
| pn [ sg . m ] | believe- prs .3 sg | ndir . obj | pn [ sg . f ] |
| ‘Pedro believes Maria.’ | |||
Swedish att tro
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn | tro-r | Maja |
| pn | believe- prs | pn |
| ‘Björn believes Maja.’ | ||
Turkish inanmak
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet | Filiz-e | inan-iyor |
| pn | pn - dat | believe- prs |
| ‘Mehmet believes Filiz.’ | ||
Ulcha agdi-
| Valency pattern: NOM_LAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| əj | xusə | piktə | əktə | piktə-ti | agd-i-ni |
| this | male | child | female | child- lat | trust- prs -3 sg |
| ‘This boy believes the girl.’ | |||||
Zilo Andi buʒ.u
| Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.LAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUPER.LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| ali | buʒ.u-r | marjam-ʔo |
| pn [ m ][ nom ] | believe. pst - prog | pn - super . lat |
| ‘Ali believes Mariam.’ | ||