‘be surprised’
| Argument frame: | X (be surprised) at Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | (M. made P. an expensive gift.) P. was surprised at this gift . |
| Predicate label Ru: | удивляться |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (удивляться) Y -у |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | (М. сделала П. дорогой подарок). П. удивился этому подарку . |
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| murád | awə́j | a-sawʕá | ǯ’a-j-š’á-ṭ |
| pn | dist | def -gift | loc -3 sg . erg -wonder( aor )- dcl |
| ‘Murad was surprised with this gift.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER |
| X: ABS |
| Y: SUPER |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan | ʡalamat | x.u-ne | [uč.i-s | aq’.u | peškeš.i-l] |
| pn | amazing | become. pf - aor | self- dat | do. pf ( ptcp ) | gift- super |
| ‘Aslan was surprised at this gift that he received.’ | |||||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_bi |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: bi |
| Locus: Y |
| ana | +uǧǧəb-li | b | d-a | pəštəš |
| i | be_surprised. pst - ls .1 sg | with | obl - dem 1. sg | gift( f ) |
| ‘I was surprised at this gift.’ | ||||
| Note: pəštaš is a dialect realization of pašcaš or pəšcaš. | ||||
| Valency pattern: ACC_NOM |
| X: ACC |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Petr-a | ten | dárek | překvapi-l |
| pn ( m )- acc . sg | this. m . nom . sg | gift( m )[ nom . sg ] | surprise( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] |
| ‘Petr was surprised at this gift.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_ELA |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ELA |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka | yllätty-i | tä-stä | lahja-sta |
| pn . nom | be.surprised- pst .3 sg | this- ela | gift- ela |
| ‘Pekka was surprised at this gift.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | mɛzesi-xozo-da | dʲɔkee |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | gift- abl . sg - obl . sg .3 sg | be_surprised( pfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend was surprised at the gift’. | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| (Hostis) | dum | mira-tur | subit-um | advent-um |
| враг( m ) nom . sg | пока | удивляться[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg | внезапный- acc . sg . m | появление( m )- acc . sg |
| ‘(Враг) пока удивляется внезапному появлению.’ | ||||
| Note: (Liv. XXXIX, 30, 10) | ||||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_mi |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: mi |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas | hufta | me | ha | matana | ha | z-o |
| pn | be.surprised[ pst .3 sg . m ] | from | def | gift | def | this- sg . f |
| ‘Pinchas was surprised at this gift.’ | ||||||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia | əj | daŋsa-wa | ərdəŋgə | baa-xa-ni |
| pn | этот | книга- obl | удивительный | находить- pst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Петя удивился этому подарку.’ | ||||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_over |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: over |
| Locus: Y |
| Per | ble | overraske-t | over | gav-en |
| pn | become. pst | surprise- ptcp | over | gift- def . m . sg |
| ‘Per was surprised at this gift.’ | ||||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive). | ||||
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Michał | zdziwi-ł | się | tym | prezent-em |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | удивляться: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] | refl | этот. m . ins . sg | подарок- ins . sg |
| ‘Михал удивился этому подарку.’ | ||||
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja | udivi-l-sja | èt-omu | podark-u |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | surprise( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl | this- m . dat . sg | gift( m )- dat . sg |
| ‘Petja was surprised at this gift.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: NOM_SUP |
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUP |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul | taˤʔǯib | jiši-r=a | ha-d | amanat-a-s | hɨwɨ-d | saʔat-a |
| pn ( nom ) | amazed | 1.become. pfv - cvb =be | this- attr | gift- obl - dat | 4.give. pfv - attr | watch- obl ( sup ) |
| ‘Rasul was surprised at the watch that was given to him as a present.’ | ||||||
| Valency pattern: NOM_GENdiott |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GENdiott |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt | õõmtõõžž-i | sǩiâŋk | diõtt |
| pn . sg . nom | be.surprized- pst .3 sg | gift. sg . gen | because.of |
| ‘Pete was surprised at the gift.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: ACC_NOM |
| X: ACC |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: X |
| Petr-a | je | začudi-l-o | daril-o |
| pn - acc . sg | aux .3 sg | surprise: pfv - lpt - n . sg | gift- nom . sg |
| ‘Peter was surprised at this gift.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_av |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: av |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn | blev | överraska-d | av | present-en |
| pn | become. pst | surprise- ptcp . c . sg | of | gift- def . c . sg |
| ‘Björn was surprised at this gift.’ | ||||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive). | ||||
| Valency pattern: NOM_DAT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet | bu | hediye-ye | şaş-tı |
| pn | this | gift- dat | be_surprised- pst |
| ‘Mehmet was surprised at this gift.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| ama | min | daru-wa-j | kət | pəskə-xə-n |
| father | my | gift- acc -1 sg | very | wonder- pst -3 sg |
| ‘Father was surprised at my gift.’ | ||||
| Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER |
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUPER |
| Locus: Y |
| pat’imati | tamaʃa-ɬ.i | he-de-b | padarkal-ʔa |
| pn [ f ][ nom ] | amazement- inch . pst ( aor ) | dem - sl - inan 1 | gift. obl - super |
| ‘Patimat was surprised by this gift.’ | |||