‘be squeamish’
Argument frame: |
X
(be squeamish) about
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
is squeamish about
dirty dishes
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
брезговать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(брезговать)
Y
-ом
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
брезгует
грязной посудой
.
|
Abaza
[ĉ-]maχača
Valency pattern:
ABS_MAL
|
X: ABS |
Y: MAL |
Locus: Y |
zaréma |
á-maĉa–ḟej |
d-a-ĉə́-maχač-əj-ṭ |
pn
|
def
-dishes–dirty
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-3
sg
.
n
.
io
-
mal
-be_squeamish-
prs
-
dcl
|
‘Zarema is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
ze-pesə + NEG
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
pŝaŝe-m |
haqʷəšəqʷə–ṣ̂ʷej-xe-r |
ze-r-jə-pesə-r-ep |
girl-
obl
|
dishes–dirty-
pl
-
abs
|
rfl
.
io
-
dat
-3
sg
.
erg
-deign-
dyn
-
neg
|
‘The girl is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Aghul
karih-tːi + ‘be’
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
aslan.a-s |
kur.u |
qːab-ar |
karih-tːi |
a |
pn
-
dat
|
get_dirty.
pf
(
ptcp
)
|
dishes-
pl
|
disgusting-
adv
|
{
in
}be:
prs
|
‘Aslan is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Alik Kryz
çigramiş xhiyic
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
terlan |
çurklu |
ğab-ra-kar |
çigramiş |
şe-re |
pn
|
dirty
|
vessel-
pl
.
obl
-
part
|
disgusted
|
be.
ipfv
-
prs
.
m
|
‘Terlan is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Archi
ʟʼan -kes + NEG
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
paša-s |
qʼˁabʁˁ-du-t |
gel |
kʼočʼo |
ʟʼan |
ke-r-tʼu |
pn
-
dat
|
be.dirty-
attr
-4
|
cup
|
dish
|
want
|
4.become-
ipfv
-
neg
|
‘Pasha does not like dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence. Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative" + 'become'). |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
gangəz
Valency pattern:
SBJ_men
|
X: SBJ |
Y: men |
Locus: Y |
xat-i |
di |
ganguz=əla |
mən |
šəxtanə |
manə |
čamčə |
sister(
f
)-
p
.1
sg
|
obl
.
pron
.1
sg
|
loathe.
prog
=3
f
|
from
|
dirty.
pl
|
vessel(
m
).
pl
|
spoon(
m
).
pl
|
‘My sister is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Avar
rak’ q’aze
Valency pattern:
GEN_LOC
|
X: GEN |
Y: LOC |
Locus: XY |
ʕali-l |
rak’ |
q’a-la |
čur-ič’e-b |
c’araʕ-alda |
pn
-
gen
|
heart
|
fix-
ipf
|
wash-
pf
.
neg
.
ptcp
-
n
|
dishes-
obl
.
loc
|
‘Ali is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. |
Azerbaijani
iyrǝnmək
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
Aslan |
çirkli |
qab-lar-dan |
iyrǝn-ir |
pn
|
dirty
|
plate-
pl
-
abl
|
be_disgusted-
ipfv
(3)
|
‘Aslan is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Bafut
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Bambara
ɲúgun
Valency pattern:
SBJ_la
|
X: SBJ |
Y: la |
Locus: Y |
Sékù |
bɛ |
ɲúgun |
ntòri` |
lá |
pn
|
ipfv
|
abhor
|
frog\
art
|
in
|
‘Seku abhors frogs.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
ter nojo
Valency pattern:
SBJ_de
|
X: SBJ |
Y: de |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
tem |
nojo |
de |
louça |
suj-a |
pn
(
m
)
|
have.3
sg
.
prs
|
disgust(
m
)
|
of
|
tableware(
f
)
|
dirty-
f
|
‘Pedro is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Budugh
igrenmi yıxhar
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
aslan |
ʕaka |
ğab-ra'r |
igrenmi |
yıxhar-i |
pn
|
stick.
pf
|
vessel-
pl
.
abl
|
disgusted
|
(
m
)be.
ipf
-
prs
|
‘Aslan is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Catalan
fer fàstic
Valency pattern:
NDIR.OBJ_SBJ
|
X: NDIR.OBJ |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
al |
Pere |
li |
fan |
fàstic |
els |
plat-s |
brut-s |
to.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
dat
.3
sg
|
make.3
pl
.
prs
.
ind
|
disgust(
m
)
|
def
.
pl
.
m
|
dish(
m
)-
pl
|
dirty(
m
)-
pl
|
‘Pere is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Chirag
čar-b-aši
Valency pattern:
ABS_SUPER.ELAT
|
X: ABS |
Y: SUPER.ELAT |
Locus: Y |
ʡa̰le |
nisːa-la |
matrat-a-rka |
ča-r-w-ax-le |
pn
(
abs
)
|
we.
excl
-
gen
|
dish-
pl
-(
super
)
elat
|
super
-
elat
-
m
.
sg
-walk:
ipf
-
dur
.
prs
.3
|
‘Ali is squeamish about our dishes.’ |
Czech
štítit se
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN |
Locus: Y |
Petr |
se |
štítí |
špinav-ého |
nádob-í |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
be.squeamish(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
dirty-
n
.
gen
.
sg
|
dishes(
n
)-
gen
.
sg
|
‘Petr is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Danish
være sart
Valency pattern:
SBJ_overfor
|
X: SBJ |
Y: overfor |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
er |
sart |
overfor |
snavset |
opvask |
pn
|
be.
prs
|
sensitive.
c
.
sg
|
against
|
dirty.
c
.
sg
|
washing_up(
c
).
sg
|
‘Peter is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Dutch
vies zijn
Valency pattern:
SBJ_van
|
X: SBJ |
Y: van |
Locus: Y |
Piet |
is |
vies |
van |
viez-e |
bord-en |
pn
(
c
)
|
cop
.3
sg
|
averse
|
from
|
dirty-
pl
|
dish(
n
)-
pl
|
‘Piet is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Eastern Maninka
ɲéin
Valency pattern:
SBJ_do(POST)
|
X: SBJ |
Y: do(POST) |
Locus: Y |
Fántà |
yé |
ɲéin-na |
mùran |
nɔɔ` |
dɔ́. |
pn
|
be
|
disdain-
inf
.
la
|
vessel
|
dirty\
art
|
in
|
‘Fanta is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
English
be squeamish
Valency pattern:
SBJ_about
|
X: SBJ |
Y: about |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
is |
squeamish |
about |
dirty |
dishes. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Estonian
pirtsakas olema
Valency pattern:
NOM_GENsuhtes
|
X: NOM |
Y: GENsuhtes |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
on |
musta-de |
nõu-de |
suhtes |
pirtsakas |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
dirty-
pl
.
gen
|
dish-
pl
.
gen
|
about
|
squeamish
|
‘Peeter is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Finnish
karsastaa
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
X: NOM |
Y: PART |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
karsast-aa |
likais-i-a |
asti-oi-ta |
pn
.
nom
|
be.squeamish-
prs
.3
sg
|
dirty-
pl
-
part
|
dish-
pl
-
part
|
‘Pekka is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Forest Enets
nɔsoza
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
ɛke |
nɛ |
modʲinaʔ |
kizi-naʔ |
nɔsoza |
this
|
woman
|
we
|
vessel-
pl
.1
pl
|
be_squeamish(
ipfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘This woman is squeamish about our dishes’. |
French
être dégoûté
Valency pattern:
SBJ_par
|
X: SBJ |
Y: par |
Locus: Y |
Paul |
est |
dégoûté |
par |
la |
vaisselle |
sale |
pn
(
m
)
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
disgust.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
by
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
dishes(
f
)
|
dirty.
sg
.
f
|
‘Paul is disgusted by dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Passive construction. |
Georgian
Ø-e-zizγ-eb-a (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
p'et're-s |
č'uč'q'ian-i |
č'urč'el-i |
Ø-e-zizγ-eb-a |
pn
-
dat
|
dirty-
nom
|
plates&dishes-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
r
-be_squeamish-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘Petre is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
German
zimperlich sein
Valency pattern:
NOM_mitDAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: mitDAT |
Locus: Y |
Karl |
ist |
zimperlich |
mit |
dreckig-em |
Geschirr |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
squeamish
|
with
|
dirty-
n
.
dat
.
sg
|
dishes[
dat
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Guinean Kpelle
hwó
Valency pattern:
SBJ_po
|
X: SBJ |
Y: po |
Locus: Y |
Hɛ́ni |
hwó |
kɔ̀ɣɔ |
kpàŋ |
bɔ́ |
pn
|
be.
neg
|
cup
|
dirty\
l
|
to
|
‘Heni does not like dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Hindi
honā
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABL
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABL |
Locus: XY |
Pratīk |
ko |
gaṁd-e |
bartan |
se |
ghin |
hɛ. |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
|
acc
/
dat
|
dirty-
m
.
sg
.
obl
|
dishes(
m
).
sg
.
obl
|
abl
|
scorn(
f
).
sg
.
dir
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
‘Prateek is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: TBD: change the verb lemma. Non-verbal predicate. |
Icari Dargwa
a=d=ičː-aq-uj
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Islam-lij |
d=aˤš-un |
t'alħaˤna |
a=d=ičː-aq-u |
pn
-
suplat
|
npl
=make_dirty:
pf
-
aor
.
atr
|
dishes.
abs
|
neg
=
npl
=love:
ipf
-
caus
-
hab
|
‘Islam dislikes dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Irish
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Ismayilli Kryz
Valency pattern:
NOM_ADEL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ADEL |
Locus: Y |
aslan |
kirli |
ğabni-var |
igiranmiş |
şe-re |
pn
|
dirty
|
plate.
pl
-
adel
|
disgusted
|
be.
ipf
-
prs
.
m
|
‘Aslan is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Italian
fare schifo
Valency pattern:
NDIR.OBJ_SBJ
|
X: NDIR.OBJ |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
a |
Leo |
fanno |
schif-o |
i |
piatt-i |
sporch-i |
to
|
pn
(
m
)
|
make.3
pl
.
prs
|
disgust-
sg
.
m
|
def
.
pl
.
m
|
dish-
pl
.
m
|
dirty-
pl
.
m
|
‘Leo is disgusted by dirty dishes.’ |
Kadar Dargwa
naz-CL-uk'-as (IPFV)
Valency pattern:
NOM_EL
|
X: NOM |
Y: EL |
Locus: Y |
meħamad |
naz-0-uk'-ar |
nas-il |
posuda-l-zaka |
pn
|
squeamish-
m
-say.
ipfv
-
th
|
dirt-
atr
|
dishes-
obl
-
el
|
‘Muhammad is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Kalderash Romani
grecolpe
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
o |
Murš-a |
greco-l-pe |
kata |
melal-i |
pasud-a |
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
be_squeamish-
prs
.3
sg
-
refl
|
from
|
dirty-
f
.
dir
.
sg
|
dishes-
nom
.
sg
|
‘Murša is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: With a pronominal Y argument, the structure with the ablative case (ABL) would be used. |
Kandyk Tabasaran
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
maˁhaˁmed.a-z |
ǯarandin |
ʁab-ar |
kːun-dar |
pn
-
dat
|
unfamiliar
|
plate-
pl
(
abs
)
|
love-
neg
(
prs
)
|
‘Mahamad does not like unfamiliar dishes.’ |
Karata
rak’wa q’aaɬa
Valency pattern:
POSS_EL
|
X: POSS |
Y: EL |
Locus: XY |
ʕali-b |
biƛ’e |
rak’wa |
q’a-da |
čoroko-b |
c’araʕ-jagal |
pn
-
n
|
strongly
|
heart
|
attach-
ipf
|
dirty-
n
|
cuttlery-
el
|
‘Ali is very squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: The possessor NP displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. |
Kaytag Dargwa
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Kazakh
žerken
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
kіr |
ïdïs-ayaq-tan |
žerken-edі |
pn
|
dirty
|
dishes-leg-
abl
|
be_squeamish-
prs
2.3
sg
|
‘Petya is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Kazym Khanty
ŭkśǝmti
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOMewelt
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOMewelt |
Locus: Y |
petr-en |
χǫlεŋ |
an |
ewǝλt |
ŭkśǝm-ǝλ |
pn
-
poss
.2
sg
|
dirty
|
dishes
|
from
|
be_squeamish-
npst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Khoekhoe
sauaǃnâxa
Valency pattern:
SBJ_xa
|
X: SBJ |
Y: xa |
Locus: Y |
Petru-b |
ge |
ǀurixa |
xawa-n |
xa |
a |
sauaǃnâxa |
pn
-3
m
.
sg
|
decl
|
dirty
|
dish-3
c
.
pl
|
by
|
aux
|
squeamish
|
‘Peter is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: The verb here is a stative verb and has to be used with auxiliaries. |
Khwarshi
lok'ʷa laha
Valency pattern:
GEN1_CONT.LAT
|
X: GEN1 |
Y: CONT.LAT |
Locus: XY |
di-ja |
lok'ʷa |
l-a:ha |
bataχo-qo-l |
1
sg
.
o
-
gen
1
|
heart
|
iv
-put\
gnt
|
bread-
cont
-
lat
|
‘I am squeamish about bread.’ |
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument. |
Kina Rutul
ʁagujne jik’ mɨq’a jišir
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
rasul-u-s |
čapaˁl-dɨ |
ɢab-ɨr |
ʁa-gu-jne |
jik’ |
mɨq’a |
jiši-r |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
dirty-
attr
|
dish-
pl
|
pv
-
npl
.see.
pfv
-
cvb
|
heart
|
cold
|
4.become.
pfv
-
cvb
|
‘Rasul is squeamish about dirty dishes’ (lit. ‘Rasul’s heart gets cold when he sees dirty dishes’). |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause. |
Kryz Proper
Valency pattern:
DAT_SUBEL
|
X: DAT |
Y: SUBEL |
Locus: XY |
aslan-is |
atha |
yaʕa |
ğab-ra-kir |
dak |
şa-ri |
pn
-
dat
|
n
.be_dirty.
pf
|
exist.
pf
.
ptcp
|
plate-
pl
.
obl
-
subel
|
disgust
|
be.
ipf
-
prs
.
n
|
‘Aslan is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Kumyk
žirgenmek
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
patimat |
nas |
sawut-lar-dan |
žirgen-e |
pn
|
dirty
|
dish-
pl
-
abl
|
despise-3
sg
|
‘Patimat is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Latin
fastidio
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
(is) |
non |
fastidi-v-it |
eius |
amiciti-am |
this.
nom
.
sg
.
m
|
not
|
be_squeamish-
prf
-
ind
.
act
.3
sg
|
this.
gen
.
sg
.
m
|
friendship(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘... (he) was not squeamish by his friendship.’ |
Note: (Cic. Pis. 68) |
Laz
gur-iš o-l-(em)-u
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Käzim-i-s |
šave |
ang-i |
gu(r)-i |
Ø-a-l-em-s |
pn
-
b
-
dat
|
dirty
|
glassware-
nom
|
heart-
nom
|
io
-
ver
:
sup
-go-
sm
-
s
3
sg
|
‘Käzim is angry about dirty plates & dishes.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence. |
Mandarin Chinese
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Mano
gḭ̄ḭ̄ yà
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
kɔ́nɔ́ |
là |
gḭ̄ḭ̄ |
āà |
yà |
ŋ̄ |
là |
food
|
3
sg
.
poss
|
taste
|
3
sg
.
prf
|
sit
|
1
sg
|
on
|
‘(S)he is disgusted by the food’ (Lit: ‘The taste of the food has sat on him’). |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Mehweb
urk'i buces
Valency pattern:
GEN_SUPER.EL
|
X: GEN |
Y: SUPER.EL |
Locus: XY |
Islam-la |
urk'i |
b-ulc-an |
čuruk-i |
pоsuda-li-če-la |
pn
-
gen
|
heart
|
n
-get.hold.of:
ipfv
-
hab
|
dirty-
attr
|
dishes[
r
]-
obl
-
super
-
el
|
‘Islam is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent. |
Mingrelian
Ø-o-c'ic'k'-un-Ø (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
čelo-s |
c'ik'vil-i |
č'k'ud-i |
Ø-o-c'ic'k'-u(n)-Ø |
pn
-
dat
|
dirty-
nom
|
dishes-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-be_squeamish-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘Chelo is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Modern Hebrew
nirta
Valency pattern:
SBJ_mi
|
X: SBJ |
Y: mi |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas |
nirta |
mi |
kel-im |
meluχlaχ-im |
pn
|
be.afraid[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
from
|
dish-
pl
|
dirty-
pl
|
‘Pinchas is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Mukhad Rutul
k'vaˤč'e jišin
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
murad-ı-s |
t'alqhı-d |
qabır |
k'vaˤč'-e |
jiʔi |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
(
n
)soil.
pf
-
attr
|
plates
|
hated-
predic
|
n
.
cop
|
‘Murad is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Nanai
irbasi-
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Petia |
jaŋgsa |
aleo-ǯi |
erbasi-ni |
pn
|
dirt
|
tableware-
ins
|
be_squeamish.
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Nivkh
cʰŋəsŋəd
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
eɣr̥k |
+ |
ŋirŋ |
+ |
cʰŋəsŋə-d |
pn
|
dirty
|
+
|
dishes
|
+
|
be.squeamish-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Northern Akhvakh
rak’wa bixuruƛa
Valency pattern:
POSS_EL
|
X: POSS |
Y: EL |
Locus: XY |
pataħi-ƛƛi |
rak’wa |
b-ix-iri |
čoroka |
qqot’o-ššet’o-ɬɬi-gune |
pn
-
gen
|
heart
|
n
-hold-
ipf
3
|
dirty
|
plate-cup-
obl
-
el
|
‘Patahi is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument. |
Northern Mansi
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Northern Yukaghir
ǝriǝ=
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Sǝmiǝn |
mǝr |
ǝriǝ-m |
ǝl |
loɣor-uo-dˈǝ |
suskǝ-ɣаnǝ |
sаwɣа-ɣаnǝ |
pn
|
aff
|
be_squeamish-
tr
.3
sg
|
neg
|
wash-
res
-
ptcl
|
cup-
acc
|
plate-
acc
|
‘Semien is squeamish about unwashed dishes.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å avsky
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
avsky-r |
oppvask |
pn
|
abhor-
prs
|
dirty_dishes
|
‘Per is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Polish
brzydzić się
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Marek |
brzydzi |
się |
dzieć-mi |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
be_squeamish:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
refl
|
child-
ins
.
pl
|
‘Marek is squeamish about children.’ |
Russian
brezgovatʹ
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja |
brezgu-et |
grjazn-oj |
posud-oj |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
be_squeamish(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
dirty-
f
.
ins
.
sg
|
dishes(
f
)-
ins
.
sg
|
‘Petja is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Serbian
gaditi se
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Petr-u |
se |
gadi |
prljav-o |
posuđ-e |
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
refl
|
disgust.
prs
.3
sg
|
dirty-
nom
.
sg
.
n
|
dishes-
nom
.
sg
|
‘Petar is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Shinaz Rutul
k'vač' hɨʔɨ-n
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
basir |
k'vač' |
haʔa-j |
t'alqhɨ-d |
qab |
pn
(
erg
)
|
hated
|
n
.do.
ipf
-
evt
.
n
|
(
n
)dirty.
pf
-
attr
|
plate
|
‘Basir is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Shughni
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
|
|
|
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Skolt Saami
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Peâtt |
ij |
tuʹǩǩed |
sähssas |
liiʹttin |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
neg
.3
sg
|
like.
cng
|
dirty
|
dish.
pl
.
loc
|
‘Pete does not like dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Slovak
háklivý + COP
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
|
X: NOM |
Y: naACC |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
je |
hákliv-ý |
na |
špinav-ý |
riad |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
be(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
squeamish
|
on
|
dirty-
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
dishes(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Peter is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Slovenian
gnusiti se
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Petr-u |
se |
gnusi |
umazan-a |
posod-a |
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
rfl
|
be_squeamish:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
dirty-
nom
.
sg
.
f
|
dishes-
nom
.
sg
|
‘Peter is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
bêz kirdin
Valency pattern:
SBJ.TR_le
|
X: SBJ.TR |
Y: le |
Locus: Y |
Hîwa |
bêz |
le |
qap |
u |
keçk-î |
piŝ |
de-k-a |
pn
|
disgusted
|
from
|
bowl
|
and
|
spoon-
izf
|
dirty
|
ind
-do.
prs
-3
sg
|
‘Hiwa is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: In the past tense, a pronominal clitic would be used to index the X argument. |
Southern Rutul
zehle vexin
Valency pattern:
DAT_SUPEREL
|
X: DAT |
Y: SUPEREL |
Locus: XY |
murad-ı-s |
t'alqhı-dı |
rahlım-ııla |
zehle |
vexe-r |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
soil.
pf
-
attr
|
dish.
obl
-
superel
|
bad_mood(
a
)
|
a
.run.
ipf
-
prs
|
‘Murad is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Spanish
repugnar
Valency pattern:
DO_SBJ
|
X: DO |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
a |
Pedro |
lo/le |
repugn-an |
lo-s |
plato-s |
suci-o-s |
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
he.
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
nauseate-
prs
.3
pl
|
art
.
def
.
m
-
pl
|
dish[
m
]-
pl
|
dirty-
m
-
pl
|
‘Pedro is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Standard Arabic
taḥassasa
Valency pattern:
NOM_minGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: minGEN |
Locus: Y |
Maryam-u |
tataḥassasu |
min |
al-Ɂaṭbāq-i |
l-wasiḫ-at-i |
pn
-
nom
|
be_squeamish.
ipf
.3
f
|
from
|
def
-dish.
pl
-
gen
|
def
-dirty-
f
-
gen
|
‘Maryam is squeamish about dirty dishes’ |
Note: This sentence can be semantically slightly different from the stimulus. |
Svan
x-ä-sisg (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
maizer-s |
c'idär |
šedmak'wd-är-Ø |
x-ä-sisg |
pn
-
dat
|
dirty
|
plates&dishes-
pl
-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-hate
|
‘Maizer is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Swedish
att äcklas
Valency pattern:
SBJ_av
|
X: SBJ |
Y: av |
Locus: Y |
Björn |
äckla-s |
av |
smutsdisk |
pn
|
nauseate-
prs
.
pass
|
of
|
dirty_dishes
|
‘Björn is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: This is a passive construction. |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
ACT_CAUSE
|
X: ACT |
Y: CAUSE |
Locus: Y |
nan-di~diri |
si |
Pedro |
sa |
maru~rumi-ng |
hugasin |
av
.
ipfv
-
ipfv
~get_disgusted
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
dat
|
dirty.
pl
-
lin
|
dishes
|
‘Pedro is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: The Y-argument i) can be introduced by an explicit causal marker and ii) can be promoted to subject in the causal voice construction. |
Telugu
cirāku + COP
Valency pattern:
DAT_ante
|
X: DAT |
Y: ante |
Locus: XY |
pravīṇ-ki |
eṁgili |
aṁṭlu |
aṁṭē |
cirāku |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
-
dat
|
defiled
|
utensil.
pl
.
nom
|
that_is
|
crossness(
n
).
sg
.
nom
|
‘Praveen is vexed about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Tsakhur
diksimmišхhay
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUPEREL
|
X: NOM |
Y: SUPEREL |
Locus: Y |
murad |
meq’ı-ni |
q:ab-bıš-ıle |
diksimmiš-eхhi |
pn
|
dirty-
attr
.
obl
|
plate-
pl
.
obl
-
superel
|
nauseous-(
m
)
aux
.
ipf
|
‘Murad is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Tsudakhar Dargwa
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Tsugni Dargwa
urk'i čːar-d-ik'ʷ-i
Valency pattern:
GEN_SUPER(LAT)
|
X: GEN |
Y: SUPER(LAT) |
Locus: XY |
durħaˤ-la |
waˤ-ce |
q'ʷaˤʡ-li-ge |
urk'i |
čːar-d-ik'ʷ-ar |
boy-
gen
|
bad-
atr
|
smell-
obl
-
super
(
lat
)
|
heart
|
back-
npl
-say-3
hab
.
prs
|
‘The boy is squeamish about the smell.’ |
Note: NP in the genitive is arguably a clause-level dependent. |
Turkish
iğrenmek
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
Mehmet |
bulaşık-lar-dan |
iğren-iyor |
pn
|
dirty_dishes-
pl
-
abl
|
be_disgusted-
prs
|
‘Mehmet is sqeamish about the dirty dishes.’ |
Turoyo
migawləʕ leb-
Valency pattern:
BARE_m
|
X: BARE |
Y: m |
Locus: XY |
Šabo |
k-migawləʕ |
leb-e |
m-aʕ |
ʕəbugr-e |
pn
|
prs
-loathe.
ipfv
.3
m
|
heart(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
from-
art
.
pl
|
mouse-
pl
|
‘Šabo is disgusted by mice.’ |
Twi
akyiwadeɛ yɛ
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Kofi |
akyiwadeɛ |
yɛ |
n-kukuo |
fi |
pn
|
taboo
|
is
|
pl
-dish
|
dirty
|
‘Kofi is squeamish about dirty dishes,’ lit. ‘Kofi’s taboo is dirty dishes..’ |
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Ulcha
gali-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
ńī |
mə̄p |
gal-i-wa-ni |
ti |
nəu-dumə |
wən-di-ni |
human
|
refl
.
sg
|
be_squeamish-
prs
-
acc
-3
sg
|
that
|
young-
sel
|
say-
prs
-3
sg
|
‘That younger one [= the bear] says that the human [= the woman] is squeamish about him’. |
Note: This example is taken from natural texts. |
Uzbek
žirkanč qilmoq
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
kir |
dasturxon-ga |
žirkanč |
qil-yab-ti |
pn
|
dirty
|
dish-
dat
|
disgusted
|
leave-
prs
1-3
sg
|
‘Petja is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
West Central Oromo
aara
Valency pattern:
NOM_waa7eeGEN
|
X: NOM |
Y: waa7eeGEN |
Locus: Y |
obsaa-n |
waaʔee |
k'odaa |
t'uraaʔaa |
aar-a |
pn
-
nom
|
about
|
object
|
dirty.
gen
|
be_squeamish-3
sg
.
m
.
ipfv
|
‘Obsa is squeamish about the dirty dishes.’ |
Wolof
génnaliku
Valency pattern:
DO_SBJ
|
X: DO |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
banaana |
dafa |
ma |
génnaliku |
banana(
b
)
|
f
oc
v
.s
i
:3
sg
|
o
i
:1
sg
|
disgust
|
‘Bananas disgust me.’ |
Yargun Lezgian
ttakkan qven
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Sahib-a-z |
qˈacˈaa |
qappar |
tta-kkan |
qve-zva |
pn
-
obl
-
dat
|
dirty
|
container.
pl
|
neg
-want
|
come.
ipfv
-
prs
|
‘Sahib is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Zazaki
Valency pattern:
SBJ.INTR_sero.PSTP
|
X: SBJ.INTR |
Y: sero.PSTP |
Locus: Y |
o |
fɨraq-an-e |
qɨlerɨn-an=sɛro |
bari=jo |
3
sg
.
m
.
abs
|
dish-
pl
.
obl
-
ez
.
pl
|
dirty-
pl
.
obl
=onto
|
thin=
cop
.3
sg
.
m
|
‘He is squeamish about dirty dishes.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Zilo Andi
joʃ.u-mado- + NEG
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUPER
|
X: NOM |
Y: SUPER |
Locus: Y |
pat’imati |
hek’u |
qχ’aj-ʔa |
joʃ.u-mado-sːu |
pn
[
f
][
nom
]
|
dirty
|
possessions-
super
|
enjoy.
pst
-
prog
-
neg
|
‘Patimat is disgusted by the dirty dishes. |