BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘be short’

Argument frame: X (be short) Y
Stimulus sentence: (P. wants to buy a ticket. He counts his money and finds out that) P. is short / lacks one euro .
Predicate label Ru: недоставать
Argument frame Ru: X -у (недоставать) Y -a
Stimulus sentence Ru: (П. хочет купить билет. Он посчитал деньги и выяснилось, что) П. недостает одного доллара .

Abaza gχa

Valency pattern: IO_ABS
X: IO
Y: ABS
Locus: X
murád ẑa–som-ḳ jə-gχ-ə́j-d
pn ten–rouble- unit 3 sg . m . io -lack- prs - dcl
‘Murad is short ten roubles.’

Adyghe f-jə-qʷə + NEG

Valency pattern: BEN_ABS
X: BEN
Y: ABS
Locus: X
č̣ʼale-m som-jə-pṣ̂ fə-r-jə-qʷə-r-ep
парень- obl рубль- lnk -десять( abs ) ben - lnk - loc : cont -хватать- dyn - neg
‘Парню недостает десяти рублей.’

Aghul hurk’.u + NEG

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
aslan.a-s sa manat hurk’.u-ndawa
pn - dat one ruble suffice. pf - aor : neg
‘Aslan is short one ruble.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic NEG + xazə

Valency pattern: ka_SBJ
X: ka
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
ka +Ašur la xzi-lun zuyzə (zavən bilet)
to pn neg see. pst - ls .3 pl money( pl ) buy. prs ticket(?)
‘Ashur lacks the money to buy a ticket.’

Bambara jɛ̀

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
dɔ́rɔmɛ mùgan bɛ ń ka wári` jɛ̀
5.francs twenty ipfv 1 sg poss money\ art lack
‘I am short 100 francs.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Brazilian Portuguese faltar

Valency pattern: para_SBJ
X: para
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
falt-a um dólar para Pedro
lack-3 sg . prs indf dollar( m ) towards pn ( m )
‘Pedro is one dollar short.’

Catalan faltar

Valency pattern: DAT_SBJ
X: DAT
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
al Pere li falt-en deu euro-s
to. def . sg . m pn ( m ) 3 sg . dat lack-3 pl . prs . ind ten euro( m )- pl
‘Pere is short ten euros.’

Czech chybit

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petr-ovi chybí dolar
pn ( m )- dat . sg lack( ipfv ). prs .3 sg dollar( m )[ nom . sg ]
‘Petr is one dollar short.’

Danish mangle

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter mangle-r en euro
pn lack- prs one euro( c )
‘Peter lacks one euro.’

Dutch tekortkomen

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet kom-t één dollar tekort
pn ( c ) come-3 sg one dollar( c ) shortage( n )
‘Piet is one dollar short.’

Eastern Maninka dɛ́sɛ

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Sékù lá wóri dɛ́sɛ-nin wàa kélen ná.
pn poss money fail- ptcp . res thousand one at
‘Seku is short 1000 francs.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

English lack

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter lacks one euro.

Estonian puudu jääma

Valency pattern: ADESS_NOM
X: ADESS
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Peetri-l jää-b üks euro puudu
pn - adess stay- prs .3 sg one. sg . nom euro. sg . nom missing
‘Peeter is short one euro.’
Note: Phrasal verb (puudu is not a flagging device).

Finnish puuttua

Valency pattern: ABL_NOM
X: ABL
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Peka-lta puuttu-u yksi euro
pn - abl lack- prs .3 sg one. nom euro. nom
‘Pekka is short one euro.’

Forest Enets tɔɔri + NEG

Valency pattern: TOP_NOM
X: TOP
Y: NOM
Locus: X
modʲi kasa-jʔ ŋo-lʲu bɛse-za nʲi tɔɔri-ʔ
i man- nom . sg .1 sg one- restr iron- nom . sg .3 sg neg .3 sg . s be_enough( ipfv )- conn
‘My friend lacks one rouble’.

French manquer

Valency pattern: a_SBJ
X: a
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
un dollar manque à Paul pour acheter un billet
indf . sg . m dollar( m ) be_missing. prs .3 sg to pn ( m ) for buy. inf indf . sg . m ticket( m )
‘Paul needs one dollar to buy a ticket.’

Georgian Ø-a-k'l-i-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
p'et're-s ert-i dolar-i Ø-a-k'li-a
pn - dat one- nom dollar- nom io 3- ver : sup -lack- stat - sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Petre is one dollar short.’

German fehlen

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Karl fehl-t ein Euro
pn [ dat . sg ] lack- prs .3 sg one[ m . nom . sg ] euro[ nom . sg ]
‘Karl is one euro short.’

Irish bí gearra

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE
X: SBJ
Y: BARE
Locus: Y
Tá Pól euro gearra.
be. prs pn euro short
‘Pól is one euro short.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. Unusual structure (calqued from English).

Italian mancare

Valency pattern: a_SBJ
X: a
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
a Leo manc-a un dollar-o
to pn ( m ) lack-3 sg . prs indf . sg . m dollar- sg . m
‘Leo is one dollar short.’

Kalderash Romani ći arəsəl

Valency pattern: LOC_NOM
X: LOC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
les-te ći arəs-ľ-a les jekh řubl-a
he- loc neg suffice- pst -3 sg he. cl one. nom rouble- nom . sg
‘He was one rouble short.’
Note: The verb has always the 3SG form.

Kazakh žet-pe

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-ɣa bіr dollar žet-pe-y tur
pn - dat one dollar have_enough- neg - cvb stand.3 sg
‘Petya is one dollar short.’

Kazym Khanty tărǝmti + NEG

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pet’a-j-en-a jaŋ šɔjt ǎn tǎrm-ǝλ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg - dat ten rouble neg suffice- npst [3 sg ]
‘Petja is 10 roubles short.’
Note: This is an active construction, more natural here (cf. 5 for the passive).

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
di-l j-uw-aj q'uni ʁuruš
1 sg . o - dat v -хватать- neg . pst . w два рубль( v )
‘Мне не хватает двух рублей.’

Kina Rutul ʁewirq’ardiš

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
rasul-u-s ʁe-w-irq’a-r-diš sa manut
pn - obl - dat pv -3-be.enough. ipfv - cvb - neg one rouble( nom )
‘Rasul is short one rouble.’

Latin desum

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
si quibus argent-um deesse-t
if who. dat . pl silver( n )- nom . sg lack[ ipfv . sbjv ]- act .3 sg
‘... whenever money is not available to someone.’
Note: (Liv. XXII, 60, 4)

Mandarin Chinese chà

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān hái chà yí-kuài qián
pn still lack one- clf money
‘Zhangsan still lacks one yuan.’

Mingrelian Ø-o-rk'-un-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
čelo-s art lar-i Ø-o-rk'-u(n)-Ø.
pn - dat one l ari- nom io 3- ver : sup -be_short- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Chelo lacks one Lari.’

Modern Hebrew χaser

Valency pattern: le_SBJ
X: le
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
χaser le Pinχas juro eχad
is.lacking to pn euro one
‘Pinchas is one euro short.’

Nanai aoli-

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: DAT
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
Petia-du əm tiəsə aoli-ni
pn - dat one rouble lack. npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia is one rouble short.’

Nivkh *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Northern Mansi at towlawe

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
pajel at towl-awe moɕɕa-kw-nuw ōln-əl
pn neg suffice- pass . npst .3 sg a_little- adv - comp money- ins
‘Pasha is short of a little more money.’
Note: This is a passive construction (cf. 5 for the active).

Northern Yukaghir NEG pǝliǝ=

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Sǝmiǝn-ŋinˈ mа̄rhа-n solkuobаj ǝl pǝliǝ
pn - dat one- gen rouble neg suffice. neg .3
‘Semien is one rouble short.’

Norwegian Bokmål å mangle

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per mangle-r en dollar
pn lack- prs one. m dollar
‘Per is one dollar short.’

Polish brakować

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Ann-ie brakuje dolar-a
pn - dat . sg lack: ipfv . prs .3 sg dollar- gen . sg
‘Anna is one euro short.’

Russian nedostavatʹ

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Pet-e nedosta-et odn-ogo dollar-a
pn ( m )- dat . sg lack( ipfv )- prs .3 sg one- m . gen . sg dollar( m )- gen . sg
‘Petja is one dollar short.’

Serbian faliti

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petr-u fali jedan dolar
pn - dat . sg lack. prs .3 sg one. nom . sg dollar. nom . sg
‘Petar is one dollar short.’

Shughni na-firīptow

Valency pattern: LAT_NOM
X: LAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Šamil-ard aray somoni=ga na-firop-t
pn - lat 3 somoni=more neg -reach-3 sg
‘Shamil is three somoni short.’

Skolt Saami *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Slovak chýbať

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petr-ovi chýba jedn-o eur-o
pn ( m )- dat . sg lack( ipfv ). prs .3 sg one- n . nom . sg euro( n )- nom . sg
‘Peter is one euro short.’

Slovenian manjkati

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
An-i manjka en dolar
pn - dat . sg lack: ipfv . prs .3 sg one. nom . sg . m dollar[ nom . sg ]
‘Ana is short one dollar.’

Sorani Kurdish kemi hebûn

Valency pattern: EXT_SBJ
X: EXT
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
Hîwa êsta yoroyek=î kem-e
pn now euro=3 sg . pc less-be. prs .3 sg
‘Hiwa is now one euro short.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Spanish faltar

Valency pattern: NDIR.OBJ_SBJ
X: NDIR.OBJ
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
a Pedro le falt-a dólar
ndir . obj pn [ sg . m ] he. ndir . obj lack- prs .3 sg dollar[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro is one dollar short.’

Swedish att ha för lite

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn ha-r en euro för lite
pn have- prs one. c euro too little
‘Björn is one euro short.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: UND_ACT
X: UND
Y: ACT
Locus: X
K<in>ulang ng piso si Pedro
< pv > pfv .fall short gen one_peso pers . subj pn
‘Pedro is one peso short.’
Note: The status of X-argument, ‘Pedro’, is more or les doubtlessly UND. Things get more complicated when it comes to the Y-argument, ‘one peso’. Based on the observed encoding pattern it should be classified as ACT. This does contradict the semantic expectations we have but fits the observed encoding. Unexpectedly, in the corresponding AV construction no change in the encoding of arguments occurs: actually they receive the same flags as in the PV construction, cf. “Nag-kulang ng piso si Pedro“ [AV.PFV-short GEN one_peso PERS.SUBJ PN] ‘Pedro is one peso short.’. Taken in isolation, this structure would have analyzed as ACT_UND.

Telugu takkuva agu

Valency pattern: OBLdaggara_NOM
X: OBLdaggara
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pravīṇ daggara oka yūro takkuv' ayiṁdi
pn ( m ). sg . obl near one euro( n ). sg . nom lack( n ). sg . nom become. pst .3 sg . nm
‘Praveen lacks one euro.’

Turkish yetmemek

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Mehmed-in bilet al-mak için bir lira-sı yet-mi-yor
pn - gen ticket take- inf for one lira- p .3 be_enough- neg - prs
‘Mehmet is short of one lira to buy a ticket.’

Ulcha isi- + NEG

Valency pattern: DAT_DAT
X: DAT
Y: DAT
Locus: XY
ama-du um taŋgu-du is-ə-si-ni
father- dat one hundred- dat reach- conneg - prs . neg -3 sg
‘Father is one hundred [roubles] short.’
Note: Arguably, this is an elliptical structure, the third implicit argument is 'money' (encoded by the nominative case when overt).

Uzbek etmamoq

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-ga bir dollar et-ma-y tur-ib-ti
pn - dat one dollar lack- neg - cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is one dollar short.’

West Central Oromo ɗaba

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
obsaa-n birrii tokko ɗab-e
pn - nom birr. abs one. abs lack-3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa lacks one birr.’

Zilo Andi b-iʔ.u-mado- + NEG

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ali-ɬu sːe-b som b-iʔ.u-mado-sːu
pn - dat one- inan 1 rouble inan 1-be_enough. pst - prog - neg
‘Ali is missing one rouble.’