BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘be short’

Argument frame: X (be short) Y
Stimulus sentence: (P. wants to buy a ticket. He counts his money and finds out that) P. is short / lacks one euro .
Predicate label Ru: недоставать
Argument frame Ru: X -у (недоставать) Y -a
Stimulus sentence Ru: (П. хочет купить билет. Он посчитал деньги и выяснилось, что) П. недостает одного доллара .

Abaza gχa

Valency pattern: IO_ABS
X: IO
Y: ABS
Locus: X
murád ẑa–som-ḳ jə-gχ-ə́j-d
pn ten–rouble- unit 3 sg . m . io -lack- prs - dcl
‘Murad is short ten roubles.’

Aghul hurk’.u + NEG

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
aslan.a-s sa manat hurk’.u-ndawa
pn - dat one ruble suffice. pf - aor : neg
‘Aslan is short one ruble.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic NEG + xazə

Valency pattern: ka_SBJ
X: ka
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
ka +Ašur la xzi-lun zuyzə (zavən bilet)
to pn neg see. pst - ls .3 pl money( pl ) buy. prs ticket(?)
‘Ashur lacks the money to buy a ticket.’

Brazilian Portuguese faltar

Valency pattern: para_SBJ
X: para
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
falt-a um dólar para Pedro
lack-3 sg . prs indf dollar( m ) towards pn ( m )
‘Pedro is one dollar short.’

Catalan faltar

Valency pattern: DAT_SBJ
X: DAT
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
al Pere li falt-en deu euro-s
to. def . sg . m pn ( m ) 3 sg . dat lack-3 pl . prs . ind ten euro( m )- pl
‘Pere is short ten euros.’

Czech chybit

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petr-ovi chybí dolar
pn ( m )- dat . sg lack( ipfv ). prs .3 sg dollar( m )[ nom . sg ]
‘Petr is one dollar short.’

Danish mangle

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter mangle-r en euro
pn lack- prs one euro( c )
‘Peter lacks one euro.’

Dutch tekortkomen

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet kom-t één dollar tekort
pn ( c ) come-3 sg one dollar( c ) shortage( n )
‘Piet is one dollar short.’

Estonian puudu jääma

Valency pattern: ADESS_NOM
X: ADESS
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Peetri-l jää-b üks euro puudu
pn - adess stay- prs .3 sg one. sg . nom euro. sg . nom missing
‘Peeter is short one euro.’
Note: Phrasal verb (puudu is not a flagging device).

Finnish puuttua

Valency pattern: ABL_NOM
X: ABL
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Peka-lta puuttu-u yksi euro
pn - abl lack- prs .3 sg one. nom euro. nom
‘Pekka is short one euro.’

Forest Enets tɔɔri + NEG

Valency pattern: TOP_NOM
X: TOP
Y: NOM
Locus: X
modʲi kasa-jʔ ŋo-lʲu bɛse-za nʲi tɔɔri-ʔ
i man- nom . sg .1 sg one- restr iron- nom . sg .3 sg neg .3 sg . s be_enough( ipfv )- conn
‘My friend lacks one rouble’.

German fehlen

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Karl fehl-t ein Euro
pn [ dat . sg ] lack- prs .3 sg one[ m . nom . sg ] euro[ nom . sg ]
‘Karl is one euro short.’

Italian mancare

Valency pattern: a_SBJ
X: a
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
a Leo manc-a un dollar-o
to pn ( m ) lack-3 sg . prs indf . sg . m dollar- sg . m
‘Leo is one dollar short.’

Kazakh žet-pe

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-ɣa bіr dollar žet-pe-y tur
pn - dat one dollar have_enough- neg - cvb stand.3 sg
‘Petya is one dollar short.’

Kazym Khanty tărǝmti + NEG

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pet’a-j-en-a jaŋ šɔjt ǎn tǎrm-ǝλ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg - dat ten rouble neg suffice- npst [3 sg ]
‘Petja is 10 roubles short.’
Note: This is an active construction, more natural here (cf. 5 for the passive).

Latin desum

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
si quibus argent-um deesse-t
if who. dat . pl silver( n )- nom . sg lack[ ipfv . sbjv ]- act .3 sg
‘... whenever money is not available to someone.’
Note: (Liv. XXII, 60, 4)

Modern Hebrew χaser

Valency pattern: le_SBJ
X: le
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
χaser le Pinχas juro eχad
is.lacking to pn euro one
‘Pinchas is one euro short.’

Nanai aoli-

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: DAT
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
Petia-du əm tiəsə aoli-ni
pn - dat one rouble lack. npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia is one rouble short.’

Nivkh *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Norwegian Bokmål å mangle

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per mangle-r en dollar
pn lack- prs one. m dollar
‘Per is one dollar short.’

Polish brakować

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Ann-ie brakuje dolar-a
pn - dat . sg lack: ipfv . prs .3 sg dollar- gen . sg
‘Anna is one euro short.’

Russian nedostavatʹ

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Pet-e nedosta-et odn-ogo dollar-a
pn ( m )- dat . sg lack( ipfv )- prs .3 sg one- m . gen . sg dollar( m )- gen . sg
‘Petja is one euro short.’

Rutul ʁewirq’ardiš

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
rasul-u-s ʁe-w-irq’a-r-diš sa manut
pn - obl - dat pv -3-be.enough. ipfv - cvb - neg one rouble( nom )
‘Rasul is short one rouble.’

Serbian fali

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petr-u fali jedan dolar
pn - dat . sg недоставать. prs .3 sg один. nom . sg доллар. nom . sg
‘Петру недостает одного доллара.’

Shughni na-firīptow

Valency pattern: LAT_NOM
X: LAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Šamil-ard aray somoni=ga na-firop-t
pn - lat 3 somoni=more neg -reach-3 sg
‘Shamil is three somoni short.’

Skolt Saami *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Slovenian manjkati

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
An-i manjka en dolar
pn - dat . sg lack: ipfv . prs .3 sg one. nom . sg . m dollar[ nom . sg ]
‘Ana is short one dollar.’

Spanish faltar

Valency pattern: NDIR.OBJ_SBJ
X: NDIR.OBJ
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
a Pedro le falt-a dólar
ndir . obj pn [ sg . m ] he. ndir . obj lack- prs .3 sg dollar[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro is one dollar short.’

Swedish att ha för lite

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn ha-r en euro för lite
pn have- prs one. c euro too little
‘Björn is one euro short.’

Turkish yetmemek

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Mehmed-in bilet al-mak için bir lira-sı yet-mi-yor
pn - gen ticket take- inf for one lira- p .3 be_enough- neg - prs
‘Mehmet is short of one lira to buy a ticket.’

Ulcha isi- + NEG

Valency pattern: DAT_DAT
X: DAT
Y: DAT
Locus: XY
ama-du um taŋgu-du is-ə-si-ni
father- dat one hundred- dat reach- conneg - prs . neg -3 sg
‘Father is one hundred [roubles] short.’
Note: Arguably, this is an elliptical structure, the third implicit argument is 'money' (encoded by the nominative case when overt).

Zilo Andi b-iʔ.u-mado- + NEG

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ali-ɬu sːe-b som b-iʔ.u-mado-sːu
pn - dat one- inan 1 rouble inan 1-be_enough. pst - prog - neg
‘Ali is missing one rouble.’