BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘be glad’

Argument frame: X (be glad) about Y
Stimulus sentence: (P. received a letter from M.) P. was glad about the letter .
Predicate label Ru: радоваться
Argument frame Ru: X (радоваться) Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: (П. получил письмо от М.). П. обрадовался письму .

Abaza aj.gʷərʁ’a

Valency pattern: ABS_IO
X: ABS
Y: IO
Locus: Y
murád a-saɮámŝʔa d-áj.gʷərʁ’a-d
pn def -letter 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . n . io +rejoice( aor )- dcl
‘Murad was glad about the letter.’

Aghul šad-x.u-

Valency pattern: ABS_DAT
X: ABS
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
aslan k’eǯ.ü-s šad-x.u-ne
pn letter- dat glad-become. pf - aor
‘Aslan was glad about the letter.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic xadə

Valency pattern: SBJ_bi
X: SBJ
Y: bi
Locus: Y
brata xdi-la bi ctava
girl( f ) rejoice. pst - ls .3 f with letter( m )
‘The girl was glad about the letter.’

Brazilian Portuguese alegrar-se

Valency pattern: SBJ_com
X: SBJ
Y: com
Locus: Y
Pedro alegr-ou-se com a carta
pn ( m ) gladden-3 sg . pst - refl with def . f letter( f )
‘Pedro was glad about the letter.’

Catalan estar content

Valency pattern: SBJ_per
X: SBJ
Y: per
Locus: Y
en Pere est-ava content per la carta
def . sg . m pn ( m ) be-3 sg . ipfv . ind glad( m ) for def . sg . f letter( f )
‘Pere was glad about the letter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Czech zaradovat se

Valency pattern: NOM_nadINS
X: NOM
Y: nadINS
Locus: Y
Petr se nad dopis-em zaradova-l
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc above letter( m )- ins . sg rejoice( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]
‘Petr rejoiced over the letter.’

Danish blive glad

Valency pattern: SBJ_for
X: SBJ
Y: for
Locus: Y
Peter blev glad for brev-et
pn become. pst glad. c . sg for letter( n )- def . sg
‘Peter became glad about the letter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Dutch blij zijn

Valency pattern: SBJ_met
X: SBJ
Y: met
Locus: Y
Piet was blij met de brief
pn ( c ) cop . pst .3 sg glad with art . def . c letter( c )
‘Piet was glad about the letter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Estonian rõõmustama

Valency pattern: NOM_GENule
X: NOM
Y: GENule
Locus: Y
Peeter rõõmusta-s kirja üle
pn . sg . nom be_glad- pst .3 sg letter. sg . gen over
‘Peeter was glad about the letter.’

Finnish iloinen + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pekka oli iloinen kirjee-stä
pn . nom be. pst .3 sg glad. nom letter- ela
‘Pekka was glad about the letter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Forest Enets ɛdiu

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
modʲi kasa-jʔ pazu-go-da ɛdema
i man- nom . sg .1 sg paper- dat . sg - obl . sg .3 sg become_glad( pfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend was glad about the letter’.

German sich freuen

Valency pattern: NOM_uberDAT
X: NOM
Y: uberDAT
Locus: Y
Karl freu-t sich über den Brief
pn [ nom . sg ] gladden- prs .3 sg refl over def . m . acc . sg letter[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl was glad about the letter.’

Italian rallegrarsi

Valency pattern: SBJ_per
X: SBJ
Y: per
Locus: Y
Leo si è rallegrat-o per la letter-a
pn ( m ) refl aux .3 sg . prs be_happy. pst . ptcp - sg . m for def . sg . f letter- sg . f
‘Leo was glad about the letter.’

Kazakh quan

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya xat-qa quwan-dï
pn letter- dat rejoice- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya was glad about the letter.’

Kazym Khanty amǝtti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en piśma-j-a amt-ǝs
pn - ep - poss .2 sg letter- ep - dat rejoice- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja was glad about the letter.’

Latin gaudeo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(Tiberi-us) gaud-eba-t oppress-am sedition-em
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_glad- ipfv . ind - act .3 sg oppress. prf . ptcp . pass - acc . sg . f sedition( f )- acc . sg
‘(Tiberius) was glad that the sedition was crushed.’
Note: (Tac. Ann. I, 52)

Modern Hebrew samaχ

Valency pattern: SBJ_legabej
X: SBJ
Y: legabej
Locus: Y
Pinχas samaχ legabej ha miχtav
pn be.glad[ pst .3 sg . m ] about def letter
‘Pinchas was glad about the letter.’

Nanai agda-

Valency pattern: NOM_DIR
X: NOM
Y: DIR
Locus: Y
Petia bičxə-či agda-xa-ni
pn letter- dir rejoice- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia was glad about the letter.’

Nivkh ezmud

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT/ADD
X: SBJ
Y: DAT/ADD
Locus: Y
Kaskazik pitɣəŋ-dоχ e-zmu-d
pn letter- dat / add 3 sg -like- ind
‘Kaskazik was glad about the letter.’

Norwegian Bokmål å bli glad

Valency pattern: SBJ_for
X: SBJ
Y: for
Locus: Y
Per ble glad for brev-et
pn become. pst glad for letter- def . n . sg
‘Per was glad about the letter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Polish ucieszyć się

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
generał ucieszy-ł się z list-u
general[ nom . sg ] become_glad: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] refl from letter- gen . sg
‘The general was glad about the letter.’

Russian obradovatʹsja

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet-ja obradova-l-sja pisʹm-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg gladden( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl letter( n )- dat . sg
‘Petja was glad about the letter.’

Rutul šad jišira

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
rasul kaʁad-a-s šad jiši-r=a
pn ( nom ) letter- obl - dat joyful 1.become. pfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul was glad about the letter.’

Serbian obradovao se

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petar se obradova-o pism-u
pn . nom . sg refl обрадовать- part . perf . m . sg письмо- dat . sg
‘Петар обрадовался письму.’

Shughni xuš sitow

Valency pattern: NOM_EQ
X: NOM
Y: EQ
Locus: Y
Azim tar wi xāt xuš sut
pn eq d 3. m . sg . obl letter happy go. m . pst
‘Azim was glad about the letter.’

Skolt Saami leeʹd kuärǥast

Valency pattern: NOM_GENdiott
X: NOM
Y: GENdiott
Locus: Y
Peâtt leäi kuärǥast ǩeeʹrj diõtt
pn . sg . nom be. pst .3 sg glad letter. sg . gen because.of
‘Pete was glad about the letter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Slovenian razveseliti se

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
general se je razveseli-l pism-a
general[ nom . sg ] rfl aux .3 sg rejoice: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] letter- gen . sg
‘The general was glad about the letter.’

Spanish alegrarse

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Pedro se alegr-ó de la carta
pn [ sg . m ] refl .3 sg rejoice- aor .3 sg from art . def . sg . f letter[ sg . f ]
‘Pedro was glad about the letter.’

Swedish att bli glad

Valency pattern: SBJ_over
X: SBJ
Y: over
Locus: Y
Björn blev glad över brev-et
pn become. pst glad over letter- def . n . sg
‘Björn was glad about the letter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Turkish sevinmek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet mektub-a sevin-di
pn letter- dat rejoice- pst
‘Mehmet was glad about the letter.’

Ulcha bārači-

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
bārač-i piktə-wər, ti xərəkə-wə
be_glad- prs child- refl . pl that frog- acc
‘[They] are glad about their child, this little frog.’
Note: Not included in the database because arguably inanimate Y cannot be overtly expressed. This example is taken from natural texts.

Zilo Andi <j>-erh.ann-ij

Valency pattern: NOM_CONT.EL
X: NOM
Y: CONT.EL
Locus: Y
pat’imati pismo-tʃ’u-kːu j-erh.ann-ij
pn [ f ][ nom ] letter- cont - el f -rejoice. pst - pf
‘Patimat rejoiced over the letter.’