BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘be fond’

Argument frame: X (be fond) of Y
Stimulus sentence: P. is fond of M .
Predicate label Ru: симпатизировать
Argument frame Ru: X (симпатизировать) Y -у
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. симпатизирует М .

Abaza gʷapχa

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
b-sə-m-gʷapχá-za-rkʷənə-z b-g’-ʕá-zə-m-g-wa-šə-z-d
2 sg . f . abs -1 sg . erg - neg -like- pst . nfin - cond - pst . nfin 2 sg . abs - neg - cisl -1 sg . erg - neg -carry- ipf - fut - pst . nfin - dcl
‘If I had not liked you, I would not have married you.’

Adyghe gʷə rjəhə

Valency pattern: NominalPossessor_ABS
X: NominalPossessor
Y: ABS
Locus: X
pŝaŝe-m č̣ʼale-r ə-gʷ r-j-e-hə
девушка- obl парень- abs 3 sg . pr -сердце loc : cont -3 sg . erg - dyn -нести
‘Девушка симпатизирует парню.’
Note: Lit. ‘The girl’s heart carries the guy’.

Aghul begemiš-tːi + ‘be’

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
aslan.a-s meʜemed begemiš-tːi a
pn - dat pn <like>- adv { in }be: prs
‘Aslan is fond of Muhammad.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +avər gu ləbba

Valency pattern: BARE_SBJ
X: BARE
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
a naša +raba gu ləbb-i +vir=əl
dem 1. sg person( m ) very in heart( m )- p .1 sg enter. res . m =3 m
‘I am fond of this person.’

Bambara ɲuman` + COP + ɲɛ́sin

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
míiriya ɲuman` bɛ́ Sékù lá k’ à ɲɛ́sin Fántà mà.
thought good\ art be pn in inf 3 sg direct pn to
‘Seku is fond of Fanta.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause.

Brazilian Portuguese simpatizar

Valency pattern: SBJ_com
X: SBJ
Y: com
Locus: Y
Pedro simpatiz-a com Miguel
pn ( m ) be_fond-3 sg . prs with pn ( m )
‘Pedro is fond of Miguel.’

Catalan ser carinyós

Valency pattern: SBJ_amb
X: SBJ
Y: amb
Locus: Y
en Pere és carinyós amb en Marc
def . sg . m pn ( m ) be.3 sg . prs . ind affectionate( m ) with def . sg . m pn ( m )
‘Pere is fond of Marc.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Czech mít rád

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr má rád Michal-a
ppn ( m )[ nom . sg ] have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg glad pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘Petr is fond of Michal.’

Danish holde

Valency pattern: SBJ_af
X: SBJ
Y: af
Locus: Y
Peter holde-r af Marie
pn be_fond- prs of pn
‘Peter is fond of Marie.’

Dutch aardig vinden

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Piet vind-t Marie aardig
pn ( c ) find-3 sg pn ( c ) pretty
‘Piet is fond of Marie.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Eastern Maninka lámìna

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Sékù yé Fántà hína lámìna-la.
pn be pn pity respond- inf . la
‘Seku sympathises with Fanta.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

English be fond

Valency pattern: SBJ_of
X: SBJ
Y: of
Locus: Y
Peter is fond of Mary.
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Estonian kiindunud olema

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Peeter on Mareti-sse kiindu-nud
pn . sg . nom be. prs .3 sg pn - ill become_fond- act . pst . ptcp
‘Peeter is fond of Maret.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Finnish tykätä

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pekka tykkä-ä Mati-sta
pn . nom like- prs .3 sg pn - ela
‘Pekka is fond of Matti.’

Forest Enets *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

French apprécier

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Paul apprecie Marie
pn ( m ) appreciate. prs .3 sg pn ( f )
‘Paul appreciates Marie.’

Georgian Ø-e-simp'at'iur-eb-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
p'et're-s mašo-Ø Ø-e-simp'at'iur-eb-a
pn - dat pn - nom io 3- ver : r -be_fond- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Petre is fond of Masho.’
Note: The translation is approximate.

German mögen

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl mag Marie sehr
pn [ nom . sg ] like. prs .3 sg pn [ acc . sg ] very
‘Karl is very fond of Marie.’

Irish bí mór

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
Tá Pól mór le Máire.
be. prs pn big with pn
‘Pól is fond of Máire.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Italian stare simpatico

Valency pattern: a_SBJ
X: a
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
a Leo st-a simpatic-a Maria
to pn ( m ) be-3 sg . prs nice- sg . f pn ( f )
‘Leo is fond of Maria.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kalderash Romani *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Kazakh unat

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-nï unat-adï
pn pn - acc sympathize- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya is fond of Masha.’

Kazym Khanty *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
učitele-l lok'wa ez-na is-a učenik
Учитель- dat сердце( iv ) [ i ]нести- pst . w dem . an . o . i - gen 1 ученик( i )
‘Учителю понравился его ученик.’
Note: This sentence is semantically slightly different from the stimulus.

Kina Rutul *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Latin consentio

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
(Anim-i) facile iis [quibus delecta-ntur] consenti-unt
soul( m )- nom . pl easily that. dat . pl . n which. dat . pl . n amuse[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 pl be_fond[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘(Minds) easily agree with that what pleases them.’
Note: (Quint. Inst. V. 11, 19)

Mandarin Chinese xǐhuan

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān hěn xǐhuan Lǐsì
pn very like pn
‘Zhangsan is fond of Lisi.’

Mingrelian Ø-o-simp'at'ior-un-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
čelo-s anučia-Ø Ø-o-simp'at'iur-u(n)-Ø.
pn - dat pn - nom io 3- ver : sup -be_fond- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Chelo is fond of Anuchia.’
Note: This verb is a recent borrowing from Georgian.

Modern Hebrew meχabev

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pinχas meχabev et Menaχem
pn like[ ptcp . sg . m ] do pn
‘Pinchas is fond of Menachem.’

Nanai *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Nivkh *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Northern Mansi *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Northern Yukaghir amуolbуnˈ=

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Sǝmiǝn Əkulˈǝ-ŋinˈ аm-uo-l-bunˈ-i
pn pn - dat good- stat - nlzr - des - intr .3 sg
‘Semien is fond of Akulina.’

Norwegian Bokmål å like

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per like-r Ola
pn like- prs pn
‘Per is fond of Ola.’

Polish lubić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Michał lubi Magd-ę
pn [ nom . sg ] love: ipfv . prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Michał is fond of Magda.’

Russian simpatizirovatʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet-ja simpatiziru-et Maš-e
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_fond( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petja is fond of Maša.’

Serbian simpatisati

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petar simpatiše Marij-i
pn . nom . sg be.fond. prs .3 sg pn - dat . sg
‘Petar is fond of Maria.’

Shughni *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Skolt Saami tuʹǩǩeed

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
Peâtt tuʹǩǩad Määrja-st
pn . sg . nom like. prs .3 sg pn . sg . loc
‘Pete is fond of Maria’

Slovak mať rád

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter má rád Mark-a
ppn ( m )[ nom . sg ] have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg glad pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘Peter is fond of Marek.’

Slovenian biti všeč

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petr-u je všeč An-a
pn - dat . sg be. prs .3 sg pleasant pn - nom . sg
‘Peter is fond of Ana.’

Sorani Kurdish diɫ pêxoŝ bûn

Valency pattern: EXT_be
X: EXT
Y: be
Locus: XY
Hîwa diɫ=î xoʂ-e be Perî-î
pn heart=3 sg . pc good-be. prs .3 sg to pn - obl
‘Hiwa is fond of Pari.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Spanish simpatizar

Valency pattern: SBJ_con
X: SBJ
Y: con
Locus: Y
Pedro simpatiz-a con María
pn [ sg . m ] be_fond- prs .3 sg with pn [ sg . f ]
‘Pedro is fond of Maria.’

Swedish att tycka om

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn tyck-er om Maja
pn think- prs about pn
‘Björn is fond of Maja.’
Note: Phrasal verb (om is not a flagging device).

Tagalog

Valency pattern: TR
X: ACT
Y: UND
Locus: TR
Gusto ni Pedro si Maria
like pers . gen pn pers . subj pn
‘Pedro likes Maria.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. RG suggested to align this example with PV constructions.

Telugu muddu + COP

Valency pattern: DAT_ante
X: DAT
Y: ante
Locus: XY
pravīṇ-ku madhuri aṁṭē muddu
pn ( m ). sg . obl - dat pn ( f ). sg . nom that_is kiss( n ). sg . nom
‘Praveen is fond of Madhuri.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Turkish sempati duymak

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet Filiz-e sempati duy-or
pn pn - dat liking feel- aor
‘Mehmet is fond of Filiz.’

Ulcha *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Uzbek yoqmoq

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-ga Maša yoq-a-di
pn - dat pn like- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja is fond of Maša.’

West Central Oromo leellisa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
obsaa-n nam-ittʃa in leellis-a
pn - nom man- def . abs foc like-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘Obsa likes the man.’

Zilo Andi rok’or-di <j>-iχ.i-j

Valency pattern: AFF_NOM
X: AFF
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pat’imati-<j>o marjam rok’or-di j-iχ.i-j
pn - aff < f > pn [ f ][ nom ] heart- illat f -take. pst - pf
‘Patimat is fond of Mariam.’