‘be fond’
Argument frame: |
X
(be fond) of
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
is fond of
M
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
симпатизировать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(симпатизировать)
Y
-у
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
симпатизирует
М
.
|
Abaza
gʷapχa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
b-sə-m-gʷapχá-za-rkʷənə-z |
b-g’-ʕá-zə-m-g-wa-šə-z-d |
2
sg
.
f
.
abs
-1
sg
.
erg
-
neg
-like-
pst
.
nfin
-
cond
-
pst
.
nfin
|
2
sg
.
abs
-
neg
-
cisl
-1
sg
.
erg
-
neg
-carry-
ipf
-
fut
-
pst
.
nfin
-
dcl
|
‘If I had not liked you, I would not have married you.’ |
Adyghe
gʷə rjəhə
Valency pattern:
NominalPossessor_ABS
|
X: NominalPossessor |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
pŝaŝe-m |
č̣ʼale-r |
ə-gʷ |
r-j-e-hə |
девушка-
obl
|
парень-
abs
|
3
sg
.
pr
-сердце
|
loc
:
cont
-3
sg
.
erg
-
dyn
-нести
|
‘Девушка симпатизирует парню.’ |
Note: Lit. ‘The girl’s heart carries the guy’. |
Aghul
begemiš-tːi + ‘be’
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
aslan.a-s |
meʜemed |
begemiš-tːi |
a |
pn
-
dat
|
pn
|
<like>-
adv
|
{
in
}be:
prs
|
‘Aslan is fond of Muhammad.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+avər gu ləbba
Valency pattern:
BARE_SBJ
|
X: BARE |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
a |
naša |
+raba |
gu |
ləbb-i |
+vir=əl |
dem
1.
sg
|
person(
m
)
|
very
|
in
|
heart(
m
)-
p
.1
sg
|
enter.
res
.
m
=3
m
|
‘I am fond of this person.’ |
Bambara
ɲuman` + COP + ɲɛ́sin
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
míiriya |
ɲuman` |
bɛ́ |
Sékù |
lá |
k’ |
à |
ɲɛ́sin |
Fántà |
mà. |
thought
|
good\
art
|
be
|
pn
|
in
|
inf
|
3
sg
|
direct
|
pn
|
to
|
‘Seku is fond of Fanta.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause. |
Brazilian Portuguese
simpatizar
Valency pattern:
SBJ_com
|
X: SBJ |
Y: com |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
simpatiz-a |
com |
Miguel |
pn
(
m
)
|
be_fond-3
sg
.
prs
|
with
|
pn
(
m
)
|
‘Pedro is fond of Miguel.’ |
Catalan
ser carinyós
Valency pattern:
SBJ_amb
|
X: SBJ |
Y: amb |
Locus: Y |
en |
Pere |
és |
carinyós |
amb |
en |
Marc |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
be.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
affectionate(
m
)
|
with
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
‘Pere is fond of Marc.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Czech
mít rád
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr |
má |
rád |
Michal-a |
ppn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
have(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
glad
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petr is fond of Michal.’ |
Danish
holde
Valency pattern:
SBJ_af
|
X: SBJ |
Y: af |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
holde-r |
af |
Marie |
pn
|
be_fond-
prs
|
of
|
pn
|
‘Peter is fond of Marie.’ |
Dutch
aardig vinden
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Piet |
vind-t |
Marie |
aardig |
pn
(
c
)
|
find-3
sg
|
pn
(
c
)
|
pretty
|
‘Piet is fond of Marie.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Eastern Maninka
lámìna
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
Sékù |
yé |
Fántà |
hína |
lámìna-la. |
pn
|
be
|
pn
|
pity
|
respond-
inf
.
la
|
‘Seku sympathises with Fanta.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
English
be fond
Valency pattern:
SBJ_of
|
X: SBJ |
Y: of |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
is |
fond |
of |
Mary. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Estonian
kiindunud olema
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ILL |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
on |
Mareti-sse |
kiindu-nud |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
ill
|
become_fond-
act
.
pst
.
ptcp
|
‘Peeter is fond of Maret.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Finnish
tykätä
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
|
X: NOM |
Y: ELA |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
tykkä-ä |
Mati-sta |
pn
.
nom
|
like-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
ela
|
‘Pekka is fond of Matti.’ |
Forest Enets
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
French
apprécier
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Paul |
apprecie |
Marie |
pn
(
m
)
|
appreciate.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Paul appreciates Marie.’ |
Georgian
Ø-e-simp'at'iur-eb-a (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
p'et're-s |
mašo-Ø |
Ø-e-simp'at'iur-eb-a |
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
r
-be_fond-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘Petre is fond of Masho.’ |
Note: The translation is approximate. |
German
mögen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
mag |
Marie |
sehr |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
like.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
[
acc
.
sg
]
|
very
|
‘Karl is very fond of Marie.’ |
Irish
bí mór
Valency pattern:
SBJ_le
|
X: SBJ |
Y: le |
Locus: Y |
Tá |
Pól |
mór |
le |
Máire. |
be.
prs
|
pn
|
big
|
with
|
pn
|
‘Pól is fond of Máire.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Italian
stare simpatico
Valency pattern:
a_SBJ
|
X: a |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
a |
Leo |
st-a |
simpatic-a |
Maria |
to
|
pn
(
m
)
|
be-3
sg
.
prs
|
nice-
sg
.
f
|
pn
(
f
)
|
‘Leo is fond of Maria.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Kalderash Romani
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Kazakh
unat
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
Maša-nï |
unat-adï |
pn
|
pn
-
acc
|
sympathize-
prs
2.3
sg
|
‘Petya is fond of Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Khwarshi
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
učitele-l |
lok'wa |
ez-na |
is-a |
učenik |
Учитель-
dat
|
сердце(
iv
)
|
[
i
]нести-
pst
.
w
|
dem
.
an
.
o
.
i
-
gen
1
|
ученик(
i
)
|
‘Учителю понравился его ученик.’ |
Note: This sentence is semantically slightly different from the stimulus. |
Kina Rutul
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Latin
consentio
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
(Anim-i) |
facile |
iis |
[quibus |
delecta-ntur] |
consenti-unt |
soul(
m
)-
nom
.
pl
|
easily
|
that.
dat
.
pl
.
n
|
which.
dat
.
pl
.
n
|
amuse[
prs
.
ind
]-
mid
.3
pl
|
be_fond[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
pl
|
‘(Minds) easily agree with that what pleases them.’ |
Note: (Quint. Inst. V. 11, 19) |
Mandarin Chinese
xǐhuan
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Zhāngsān |
hěn |
xǐhuan |
Lǐsì |
pn
|
very
|
like
|
pn
|
‘Zhangsan is fond of Lisi.’ |
Mingrelian
Ø-o-simp'at'ior-un-Ø (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
čelo-s |
anučia-Ø |
Ø-o-simp'at'iur-u(n)-Ø. |
pn
-
dat
|
pn
-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-be_fond-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘Chelo is fond of Anuchia.’ |
Note: This verb is a recent borrowing from Georgian. |
Modern Hebrew
meχabev
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas |
meχabev |
et |
Menaχem |
pn
|
like[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
pn
|
‘Pinchas is fond of Menachem.’ |
Nanai
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Nivkh
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Northern Mansi
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Northern Yukaghir
amуolbуnˈ=
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Sǝmiǝn |
Əkulˈǝ-ŋinˈ |
аm-uo-l-bunˈ-i |
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
good-
stat
-
nlzr
-
des
-
intr
.3
sg
|
‘Semien is fond of Akulina.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å like
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
like-r |
Ola |
pn
|
like-
prs
|
pn
|
‘Per is fond of Ola.’ |
Polish
lubić
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Michał |
lubi |
Magd-ę |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
love:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Michał is fond of Magda.’ |
Russian
simpatizirovatʹ
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja |
simpatiziru-et |
Maš-e |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
be_fond(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Petja is fond of Maša.’ |
Serbian
simpatisati
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petar |
simpatiše |
Marij-i |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
be.fond.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Petar is fond of Maria.’ |
Shughni
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
|
|
|
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Skolt Saami
tuʹǩǩeed
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOC
|
X: NOM |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
Peâtt |
tuʹǩǩad |
Määrja-st |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
like.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
loc
|
‘Pete is fond of Maria’ |
Slovak
mať rád
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
má |
rád |
Mark-a |
ppn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
have(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
glad
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Peter is fond of Marek.’ |
Slovenian
biti všeč
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Petr-u |
je |
všeč |
An-a |
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
pleasant
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
‘Peter is fond of Ana.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
diɫ pêxoŝ bûn
Valency pattern:
EXT_be
|
X: EXT |
Y: be |
Locus: XY |
Hîwa |
diɫ=î |
xoʂ-e |
be |
Perî-î |
pn
|
heart=3
sg
.
pc
|
good-be.
prs
.3
sg
|
to
|
pn
-
obl
|
‘Hiwa is fond of Pari.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Spanish
simpatizar
Valency pattern:
SBJ_con
|
X: SBJ |
Y: con |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
simpatiz-a |
con |
María |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
be_fond-
prs
.3
sg
|
with
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘Pedro is fond of Maria.’ |
Swedish
att tycka om
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
tyck-er |
om |
Maja |
pn
|
think-
prs
|
about
|
pn
|
‘Björn is fond of Maja.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (om is not a flagging device). |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ACT |
Y: UND |
Locus: TR |
Gusto |
ni |
Pedro |
si |
Maria |
like
|
pers
.
gen
|
pn
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
‘Pedro likes Maria.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. RG suggested to align this example with PV constructions. |
Telugu
muddu + COP
Valency pattern:
DAT_ante
|
X: DAT |
Y: ante |
Locus: XY |
pravīṇ-ku |
madhuri |
aṁṭē |
muddu |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
-
dat
|
pn
(
f
).
sg
.
nom
|
that_is
|
kiss(
n
).
sg
.
nom
|
‘Praveen is fond of Madhuri.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Turkish
sempati duymak
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Mehmet |
Filiz-e |
sempati |
duy-or |
pn
|
pn
-
dat
|
liking
|
feel-
aor
|
‘Mehmet is fond of Filiz.’ |
Ulcha
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Uzbek
yoqmoq
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
Petya-ga |
Maša |
yoq-a-di |
pn
-
dat
|
pn
|
like-
prs
2-3
sg
|
‘Petja is fond of Maša.’ |
West Central Oromo
leellisa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
obsaa-n |
nam-ittʃa |
in |
leellis-a |
pn
-
nom
|
man-
def
.
abs
|
foc
|
like-3
sg
.
m
.
ipfv
|
‘Obsa likes the man.’ |
Zilo Andi
rok’or-di <j>-iχ.i-j
Valency pattern:
AFF_NOM
|
X: AFF |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
pat’imati-<j>o |
marjam |
rok’or-di |
j-iχ.i-j |
pn
-
aff
<
f
>
|
pn
[
f
][
nom
]
|
heart-
illat
|
f
-take.
pst
-
pf
|
‘Patimat is fond of Mariam.’ |