BivalTyp

‘be called’

Argument frame: X (be_called) Y
Stimulus sentence: (A boy saw his father’s compass and asked what this was. The father answered him:) ‘ This tool is called a compass .’
Predicate label Ru: называться
Argument frame Ru: X (называться) Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: (Мальчик увидел у отца компас и спросил, что это такое. Отец отвечает ему:) Этот предмет / инструмент] называется [компас / компасом ."

Abaza χ’əz

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
arə́j a-pq̇ə́ʕʷa á-χ’əz kompas-b
prox def -thing 3 sg . n . io -name compass- npst . dcl
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Adyghe (West Circassian) je-ʔʷe

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
mə-j kompas r-a-ʔʷe
this- obl compass( abs ) dat -3 pl . erg -say
‘This instrument is called a compass.’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction, lit. ‘(they) say ‘compass’ to this’.

Aghul tːur + COP

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: GEN
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
me šeʔ.ü-n tːur kːompːas e
demm thing- gen name compass cop
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Alik Kryz lipic

Valency pattern: SUPEREL_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: SUPEREL
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
uc-ğar kompas li-re
this. n . nom - superel compass say. ipfv - prs . n
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction.

Archi bos

Valency pattern: SUP.LAT_NOM
X: SUP.LAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
jamu-t-mi-tːi-k kompas war
this-4- obl - sup - lat compass say. ipfv
‘This is called a compass.’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction. It is not clear whether the NP in the nominative case shares syntactic properties with other nominative NPs.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic avə šəmma

Valency pattern: BARE_PRED
X: BARE
Y: PRED
Locus: XY
+avva məndi šəmm-u kompas=əl
dem 2. m thing( m ) name( m )- p .3 m compass(?)=3 m
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Non-Urmi speaker.

Avar c’ar buk’ine

Valency pattern: LOC_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: LOC
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
he-b t’aʕel-alda c’ar kompas b-ugilan
that- n utensil- obl . loc name compass n - cop . quot
‘This instrument is called a compass.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Azerbaijani adlanmaq

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
bu ǝşya kompas adlan-ır
this thing compas be_named- ipfv (3)
‘This thing is called a compass.’

Bafut ntóŋə̀

Valency pattern: DO_COMP
X: DO
Y: COMP
Locus: XY
bɨ́ ntóŋə̀ jú ndə̂ mə́ múnwí
they call this thing comp knife
‘This thing is called a knife.’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction.

Bambara kó

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
nìn fɔ́li-fɛn` tɔ́gɔ` kó dùnun
this music-thing\ art name\ art say drum
‘This musical instument is called "a drum".’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predicate.

Brazilian Portuguese chamar-se

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE
X: SBJ
Y: BARE
Locus: Y
ess-e instrumento se cham-a bússola
dem . med - m instrument( m ) refl call-3 sg . prs compass( f )
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Budugh yuʔu

Valency pattern: ADR_NOM
X: ADR
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ulu ħacat-covon kompas yuʔu-ri
prox tool- obl . adr compass say. ipf - prs
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Transimpersonal construction.

Catalan dir-se

Valency pattern: SBJ_PRED
X: SBJ
Y: PRED
Locus: Y
aquest-a eina es diu brúixola
this. sg - f instrument( f ) refl .3 sg say.3 sg . prs . ind compass( f )
‘This tool is called a compass.’

Chirag i

Valency pattern: SUPER_ABS(NO.AGR)
X: SUPER
Y: ABS(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
jaˤ q’aj-l-i kːompːas b-uk’-ar
prox thing- obl - super compass( abs ) h . pl -say: ipf - fut .3
‘This thing is called compass.’
Note: Transimpersonal construction.

Czech jmenovat se

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
tahle věc se jmenuje kompas
this. f . nom . sg thing( f )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc call( ipfv ). prs .3 sg compass( m )[ nom . sg ]
‘This object is called a compass.’

Danish kalde

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Dette værktøj kalde-s et kompas
dem . n . sg tool( n ) call- pass . prs indf . sg compass( n )
‘This tool is called a compass.’

Dutch heten

Valency pattern: SBJ_PRED
X: SBJ
Y: PRED
Locus: Y
dit voorwerp hee-t een kompas
dem . n . sg object( n ) be.called-3 sg art . indf compass( n )
‘This object is called a compass.’

Eastern Maninka fɔ́

Valency pattern: ma_SBJ&QUOT
X: ma
Y: SBJ&QUOT
Locus: XY
À yé fɔ́-la nìn mà lè kó kònin.
3 sg be say- inf . la this adr foc quot lute
‘This thing is called "lute".’

English be called

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE
X: SBJ
Y: BARE
Locus: Y
This tool is called a compass.
Note: Passive.

Estonian kutsuma

Valency pattern: PART_TRANSL
X: PART
Y: TRANSL
Locus: XY
seda mõõteriista kutsu-takse kompassi-ks
dem . sg . part measuring_tool. sg . part call- prs . imprs compass- transl
‘This measuring tool is called a compass.’

Finnish kutsua (PASS.IMPERS)

Valency pattern: PART_TRANS
X: PART
Y: TRANS
Locus: XY
tä-tä työkalu-a kutsu-taan kompassi-ksi
this- part tool- part call- pass . impers compass- trans
‘This tool is called a compass.’

Forest Enets *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

French s’appeler

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE
X: SBJ
Y: BARE
Locus: Y
cet instrument s’ appelle une boussole
this. sg . m instrument( m ) refl call. prs .3 sg indf . sg . f compass( f )
‘This instrument is called a compass.’
Note: This is not a transitive construction (cf. the use of "comment" ‘how’ as an interrogative word).

Georgian h-kv-i-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
am nivt-s k'omp'as-i h-kv-i-a
attr . dem . prox _ obl thing- dat compass- nom io 3-be_called- stat - s 3 sg . inact
‘This thing is called a compass.’

German heißen

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
dies-es Instrument heiß-t Kompass
this- n . nom . sg instrument[ nom . sg ] be_called- prs .3 sg compass[ nom . sg ]
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Guinean Kpelle láa ɓáa

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
vɛ̀lî kɛ́ hɛ́ŋ̀ ɲɛ́i láa ɓáa à dàmaŋ
def \music make thing\ l dem name cop with daman
‘This instrument is called daman.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Icari Dargwa b=ik'ʷ-araj

Valency pattern: SUPLAT_ABS(NO.AGR)
X: SUPLAT
Y: ABS(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
iž cik'al-lij kompas b=ik'ʷ-ar
this thing- suplat compass. abs n =call: ipf - hab
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Transimpersonal construction.

Irish glaoigh

Valency pattern: ar_SBJ
X: ar
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
Glaoí-tear compass air an uirlis.
call- pass . prs compass on def instrument
‘The instrument is called a compass.’

Italian chiamarsi

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE(NO.AGR)
X: SBJ
Y: BARE(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
quest-o strument-o si chiam-a bussol-a
this- sg . m instrument- sg . m refl call-3 sg . prs compass- sg . f
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Kadar Dargwa CL-uk'-as (IPFV)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: DAT
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
eš zat-i-s b-uk'-ar kompas
this thing- obl - dat hpl -say. ipfv - th compass( rus )
‘This instrument is called a compass.’
Note: Transimpersonal construction.

Kalderash Romani buśol

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
kad-o buśo-l kompas-o
this- m . dir . sg be_called- prs .3 sg compass- nom . sg
‘This is called a compass.’

Kandyk Tabasaran

Valency pattern: ABS_ABS(NO.AGR)
X: ABS
Y: ABS(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
ha-mu mutmu kompas k’ur-u-b vu
emph -3. p thing( abs ) compass say- part - n . sg cop
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (participle).

Karata c’c’eri bik’waɬa

Valency pattern: LAT_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: LAT
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
ha-b hedela-ɬjar c’c’eri kompas idja
this- n thing- obl . lat name compass cop
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kaytag Dargwa bik’vara

Valency pattern: SUPER_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: SUPER
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
hež cik’al-ži kоmpas b-ik’v-ar
prox thing- super compass n -say. ipf - evt 3
‘This instrument is called a compass.’
Note: Transimpersonal construction.

Kazakh atal

Valency pattern: NOM_dep
X: NOM
Y: dep
Locus: Y
Bul zat kompas de-p ata-l-adï
this thing compass say- cvb call- pass - prs 2.3 sg
‘This thing is called a compass.’

Kazym Khanty *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
tǎm pǒrmǝs-en nԑm-ǝλ kɔmpas
this thing- poss .2 sg name- poss .3 sg compass
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Khoekhoe ǂgai-he

Valency pattern: SBJ_ti
X: SBJ
Y: ti
Locus: Y
Nē ǁgaba-s ge Kompas ti ra ǂgai-he
prox tool-3 f . sg decl compass quot ipfv call- pass
‘This tool is called a compass.’

Khwarshi ca gołe

Valency pattern: SUPER_ABS
X: SUPER
Y: ABS
Locus: X
a-r-łi gange-ƛ'o ca gołe šalfej
prox - iv - dem . o . noni flower( iv )- super name( iv ) be. prs sage
‘This flower is called sage.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kina Rutul dur jiɁi

Valency pattern: ATTR_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: ATTR
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
mi kar-di-d dur jiɁi kompas
this thing- obl - attr name( nom ) 4. cop compass( nom )
‘This thing is called a compass.’

Kumyk ajtmaq

Valency pattern: DAT_dep
X: DAT
Y: dep
Locus: XY
šu zat-ʁa kompas dep ajt-ɨl-a
this thing- dat compass cit say- pass -3 sg
‘This thing is called a compass.’

Latin appello + PASS

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
qui ips-orum lingu-a Celt-ae, nostr-a Gall-i appella-ntur
which. nom . pl . m oneself- gen . pl . m language( f )- abl . sg c elt( m )- nom . pl our- abl . sg . f g aul( m )- nom . pl call[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 pl
‘... who in their own language are called Celts, in our Gauls.’
Note: (Caes. Gall. I, 11)

Laz o-ʒ-u

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ham še(r)-i-s k'omp'as-i g-Ø-ö-ʒ-in-Ø
dem . prox thing- b - dat compass- nom io 3- ver : sup -lie- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Lit. ‘[The name] compass lies on this thing.’

Mandarin Chinese jiàozuò

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
zhè-ge gōngjù jiàozuò zhǐnánzhēn
this- clf tool be_called compass
‘This tool is called a compass.’
Note: There are some doubts as to whether this can be treated as a transitive construction.

Mano gèē

Valency pattern: lee_BARE
X: lee
Y: BARE
Locus: XY
óò gèē à lɛ̀ɛ̄ Cèé
3 pl . ipfv >3 sg say: ipfv 3 sg to pn
‘He is called Ce.’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction with a dummy 3SG DO.

Mehweb

Valency pattern: SUPER.LAT_ile
X: SUPER.LAT
Y: ile
Locus: XY
hel sik'aj-če b-uk'-ul kоmpas i-le
that thing. obl - super ( lat ) hpl -say: ipfv - hab compas say: pfv - cvb
‘This instrument is called a compass.’
Note: Transimpersonal construction.

Mingrelian Ø-ǯox-on-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
te mudgaren-s k'omp'as-(i) Ø-ǯox-o(n)-Ø
dem . prox something- dat compass-( nom ) io 3-be.called- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘This thing (lit. something) is called a compass.’

Modern Hebrew kor-im

Valency pattern: le_DO
X: le
Y: DO
Locus: X
le kli ha z-e kor-im matspen
to instrument def this[ sg ]- m call- pl compass
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Mukhad Rutul huxun

Valency pattern: APUD_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: APUD
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: X
mi kar-dı-χda kоmpas ruxu-ra
prox deed- nh - apud compass ipf .say- hab
‘This thing is called a compass.’

Nanai gərbiəsiu-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
əj ǯaka-wa kompasа-ǯi gərbiə-si-u-ri
this object- obl compass- ins call- ipfv - imps - npst
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Nivkh χawd

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
tu + prеdmеt kоmpas χaw-d
prox . dem + thing compass call- ind
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Northern Akhvakh c’c’eri bik’uruƛa

Valency pattern: LAT_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: LAT
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
ha čula-ɬɬi-ga c’c’eri gweda kompase
this thing- obl - lat name n . cop compass
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Northern Mansi lāwawe

Valency pattern: NOM_TRANS
X: NOM
Y: TRANS
Locus: Y
ti ūj n’oxsiɣ lāw-awe
this animal sable- trans say- pass [ npst .3 sg ]
‘This animal is called a sable.’
Note: This is a passive construction.

Northern Yukaghir mon=

Valency pattern: ACC_NOM
X: ACC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
tiǝ-ŋ instrumjen-ɣаnǝ mon-nun-ŋi kompаs
vis - at instrument- acc say- hab - intr .3 sg compass
‘This instrument is called a compass.’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction.

Norwegian Bokmål å kalles

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
denne gjenstand-en kalle-s et kompas
this. m . sg object- def . m . sg call- pass . prs indf . n . sg compass
‘This object is called a compass.’

Polish nazywać się

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
ten przedmiot nazywa się busol-a
this. m . nom . sg object[ nom . sg ] call: ipfv . prs .3 sg refl compass- nom . sg
‘This object is called a compass.’

Russian nazyvatʹsja

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
ètot predmet nazyva-et-sja kompas-om
this. m . nom . sg object( m )[ nom . sg ] call( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl compass( m )- ins . sg
‘This object is called a compass.’

Serbian zvati se

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
taj predmet se zove kompas
this. nom . sg . m object. nom . sg refl call. prs .3 sg compass. nom . sg
‘This object is called a compass.’

Shinaz Rutul dur xu-n

Valency pattern: ATTR_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: ATTR
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
hemi-d kar-di-d dur h-iʔi kompas
this- attr thing- obl - attr name n - cop compass
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Shughni nům vidow

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ik-di kočor nům kumpas
em - d 2. m . sg . obl thing name compass
‘This object is called a compass.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Skolt Saami kååččeed

Valency pattern: ACC_ESS
X: ACC
Y: ESS
Locus: XY
tän tiiŋg kååččeet kompass-ân
prox . sg . acc thing. sg . acc call. prs .4 sg compass- ess
‘This thing is called a compass.’

Slovak volať sa

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
Tento prístroj sa volá kompas
this. m . nom . sg gadget( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc call( ipfv ). prs .3 sg compass( m )[ nom . sg ]
‘This gadget is called a compass.’

Slovenian imenovati se

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
ta predmet se imenuje kompas
this. nom . sg . m thing[ nom . sg ] rfl call: ipfv . prs .3 sg compass[ nom . sg ]
‘This tool is called a compas.’

Sorani Kurdish pê witin

Valency pattern: DO_QUOT
X: DO
Y: QUOT
Locus: XY
ew amêr-e compass=î pê-de-ɫê-n
this tool- dem compass=3 sg . pc prev - ind -tell. prs -3 pl
‘This tool is called a compass. ’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction (lit. ‘they call this tool a compass’).

Southern Rutul huxhun

Valency pattern: DIR_NOM
X: DIR
Y: NOM
Locus: X
havnaa-xdiy kompas ruxhu-r
med . obl - dir compass ipf .say- prs
‘This is called a compass.’
Note: Transimpersonal construction.

Spanish llamarse

Valency pattern: SBJ_PRED
X: SBJ
Y: PRED
Locus: Y
est-e instrumento se llam-a brújula
this- m instrument[ sg . m ] refl .3 sg call- prs .3 sg compass[ sg . f ]
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Standard Arabic sammā

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
hāḏihi l-Ɂālat-u tusammā būṣlat-u-n
this def -instrument( f )- nom call. pass . ipf .3 f compass( f )- nom - indef
‘This instrument is called a compass.’
Note: The verb agrees with the ‘instrument’.

Svan x-a-žx-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ala-s k'omp'as-Ø x-a-žx-a
dem . prox - dat compass- nom io 3- ver : sup -be_called- prs
‘This (thing) is called “a compass”.’

Swedish att kallas för

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ett sådan-t här verktyg kalla-s för en kompass
indf . n . sg such- indf . n . sg here tool call- prs . pass for indf . c . sg compass
‘This instrument is called a compass.’
Note: Phrasal verb (för is not a flagging device).

Tagalog

Valency pattern: UND_LIN
X: UND
Y: LIN
Locus: XY
t<in>a~tawag na compass ang gamit na ito
< pv > ipfv ~call lin compass subj tool lin prx . subj
‘This tool is called a compass.’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction.

Telugu pilucu

Valency pattern: ACC_NOM
X: ACC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ī sādhanānni diksūci pilustāru
dem . prox means( n ). sg . acc compass( n ). sg . nom call. npst .3 pl . epic
‘This tool is called a compass.’

Tsakhur ıхhay

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ma-nčı-n do kompas vo-dun
dist - obl . nm - n name compass cop - n
‘This is called a compass.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Tsudakhar Dargwa COP

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
ez kalbataj=sab
this pliers= cop . n
‘This is called pliers’ (lit. ‘This is pliers’).
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Tsugni Dargwa b-ik'ʷ-i

Valency pattern: SUPER(LAT)_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: SUPER(LAT)
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
ħaˤjgi-ge kalpatan b-ik'ʷ-ar
this. obl - super ( lat ) pliers hpl -say-3 hab . prs
‘This is called pliers.’
Note: Transimpersonal construction, the verb indexed the (unnamed) human ‘sayers’.

Turkish ad-POSS COP

Valency pattern: GEN_PRED
X: GEN
Y: PRED
Locus: XY
bu-nun ad-ı pusula-dır
this- gen name- p .3 compass- cop .3
‘This is called a compass.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Turoyo omər

Valency pattern: IO_DO
X: IO
Y: DO
Locus: X
haṯe ale yo k-əmmi-na-la puṣəla
this. f device. f cop .3 sg prs -say. ipfv . pl - ss .1 pl - ls .3 f compass( f )
‘This is a device, it is called “compass”’ (Lit. ‘We say “compass” to it’).

Twi frε

Valency pattern: DO_PSEUDOOBJ
X: DO
Y: PSEUDOOBJ
Locus: XY
saa akadeε yi yε-frε-ε no kᴐmpase
this tool def 1 pl -call- pst def compass
‘This tool is called a compass.’
Note: Probably, “no” should be interpreted as a 3SG.O marker. At any event, this structure involves topicalization (cf. ‘This thing, we call it compass’) and the verb as such is transitive, with the thing given the name being the direct object.

Ulcha gəlbu

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
əj al'o gəlbu-ni soro
this vessel name-3 sg soro
‘This vessel is called a soro.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Uzbek atalmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_deb
X: NOM
Y: deb
Locus: Y
bu narsa kompas de-b ata-l-a-di
this thing compass say- cvb be_called- pass - prs 2-3 sg
‘This object is called a compass.’

West Central Oromo dʒeɗa

Valency pattern: NOM_BARE
X: NOM
Y: BARE
Locus: Y
meeʃaa-n kun kompaasii dʒeɗ-am-a
tool- nom this. nom compass. abs say- pass -3 sg . m . ipfv
‘This tool is called a compass.’

Wolof tudde

Valency pattern: OBJ_PSEUDOOBJ
X: OBJ
Y: PSEUDOOBJ
Locus: XY
naka lañu-y tudd-e garab g-ii ci wolof
how f oc o / x .s i :3 pl - incpl be.named- caus tree( g ) cl g - dem loc wolof( b )
‘What’s the name of this tree in Wolof?’ lit. ‘How do they name this tree in Wolof?’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction.

Yargun Lezgian

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM(NSBJ)
X: DAT
Y: NOM(NSBJ)
Locus: XY
ida-z kompas luhu-da
this. obl - dat compass say. ipfv / mas - evt
‎‎‎‘This is called a compass.’

Zazaki

Valency pattern: re.PSTP_BARE
X: re.PSTP
Y: BARE
Locus: XY
najɛ=re va-n-e pusula
this. f . obl =for say. prs - aug -3 pl compass
‘This is called a compass,’ lit. ‘They say “compass” to this (thing)’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction.

Zilo Andi ts’er

Valency pattern: SUPER.LAT_NOM
X: SUPER.LAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
he-b dan-ʔo ts’er qχ’ilba
dem - inan 1 thing[ inan 1]- super . lat name[ inan 2][ nom ] compass
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.