‘be called’
Argument frame: |
X
(be_called)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
(A boy saw his father’s compass and asked what this was. The father answered him:) ‘
This tool
is called
a compass
.’
|
Predicate label Ru: |
называться
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(называться)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(Мальчик увидел у отца компас и спросил, что это такое. Отец отвечает ему:)
Этот предмет / инструмент] называется [компас / компасом
."
|
Abaza
χ’əz
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
arə́j |
a-pq̇ə́ʕʷa |
á-χ’əz |
kompas-b |
prox
|
def
-thing
|
3
sg
.
n
.
io
-name
|
compass-
npst
.
dcl
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
je-ʔʷe
Valency pattern:
DAT_ABS
|
X: DAT |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
mə-j |
kompas |
r-a-ʔʷe |
this-
obl
|
compass(
abs
)
|
dat
-3
pl
.
erg
-say
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction, lit. ‘(they) say ‘compass’ to this’. |
Aghul
tːur + COP
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: GEN |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: XY |
me |
šeʔ.ü-n |
tːur |
kːompːas |
e |
demm
|
thing-
gen
|
name
|
compass
|
cop
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Alik Kryz
lipic
Valency pattern:
SUPEREL_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: SUPEREL |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: XY |
uc-ğar |
kompas |
li-re |
this.
n
.
nom
-
superel
|
compass
|
say.
ipfv
-
prs
.
n
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction. |
Archi
bos
Valency pattern:
SUP.LAT_NOM
|
X: SUP.LAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
jamu-t-mi-tːi-k |
kompas |
war |
this-4-
obl
-
sup
-
lat
|
compass
|
say.
ipfv
|
‘This is called a compass.’ |
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction. It is not clear whether the NP in the nominative case shares syntactic properties with other nominative NPs. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
avə šəmma
Valency pattern:
BARE_PRED
|
X: BARE |
Y: PRED |
Locus: XY |
+avva |
məndi |
šəmm-u |
kompas=əl |
dem
2.
m
|
thing(
m
)
|
name(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
compass(?)=3
m
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Note: Non-Urmi speaker. |
Avar
c’ar buk’ine
Valency pattern:
LOC_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: LOC |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: XY |
he-b |
t’aʕel-alda |
c’ar |
kompas |
b-ugilan |
that-
n
|
utensil-
obl
.
loc
|
name
|
compass
|
n
-
cop
.
quot
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Azerbaijani
adlanmaq
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: Y |
bu |
ǝşya |
kompas |
adlan-ır |
this
|
thing
|
compas
|
be_named-
ipfv
(3)
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Bafut
ntóŋə̀
Valency pattern:
DO_COMP
|
X: DO |
Y: COMP |
Locus: XY |
bɨ́ |
ntóŋə̀ |
jú |
ndə̂ |
mə́ |
múnwí |
they
|
call
|
this
|
thing
|
comp
|
knife
|
‘This thing is called a knife.’ |
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction. |
Bambara
kó
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
nìn |
fɔ́li-fɛn` |
tɔ́gɔ` |
kó |
dùnun |
this
|
music-thing\
art
|
name\
art
|
say
|
drum
|
‘This musical instument is called "a drum".’ |
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predicate. |
Brazilian Portuguese
chamar-se
Valency pattern:
SBJ_BARE
|
X: SBJ |
Y: BARE |
Locus: Y |
ess-e |
instrumento |
se |
cham-a |
bússola |
dem
.
med
-
m
|
instrument(
m
)
|
refl
|
call-3
sg
.
prs
|
compass(
f
)
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Budugh
yuʔu
Valency pattern:
ADR_NOM
|
X: ADR |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
ulu |
ħacat-covon |
kompas |
yuʔu-ri |
prox
|
tool-
obl
.
adr
|
compass
|
say.
ipf
-
prs
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Note: Transimpersonal construction. |
Catalan
dir-se
Valency pattern:
SBJ_PRED
|
X: SBJ |
Y: PRED |
Locus: Y |
aquest-a |
eina |
es |
diu |
brúixola |
this.
sg
-
f
|
instrument(
f
)
|
refl
.3
sg
|
say.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
compass(
f
)
|
‘This tool is called a compass.’ |
Chirag
i
Valency pattern:
SUPER_ABS(NO.AGR)
|
X: SUPER |
Y: ABS(NO.AGR) |
Locus: XY |
jaˤ |
q’aj-l-i |
kːompːas |
b-uk’-ar |
prox
|
thing-
obl
-
super
|
compass(
abs
)
|
h
.
pl
-say:
ipf
-
fut
.3
|
‘This thing is called compass.’ |
Note: Transimpersonal construction. |
Czech
jmenovat se
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: Y |
tahle |
věc |
se |
jmenuje |
kompas |
this.
f
.
nom
.
sg
|
thing(
f
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
call(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
compass(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
‘This object is called a compass.’ |
Danish
kalde
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Dette |
værktøj |
kalde-s |
et |
kompas |
dem
.
n
.
sg
|
tool(
n
)
|
call-
pass
.
prs
|
indf
.
sg
|
compass(
n
)
|
‘This tool is called a compass.’ |
Dutch
heten
Valency pattern:
SBJ_PRED
|
X: SBJ |
Y: PRED |
Locus: Y |
dit |
voorwerp |
hee-t |
een |
kompas |
dem
.
n
.
sg
|
object(
n
)
|
be.called-3
sg
|
art
.
indf
|
compass(
n
)
|
‘This object is called a compass.’ |
Eastern Maninka
fɔ́
Valency pattern:
ma_SBJ"
|
X: ma |
Y: SBJ" |
Locus: XY |
À |
yé |
fɔ́-la |
nìn |
mà |
lè |
kó |
kònin. |
3
sg
|
be
|
say-
inf
.
la
|
this
|
adr
|
foc
|
quot
|
lute
|
‘This thing is called "lute".’ |
English
be called
Valency pattern:
SBJ_BARE
|
X: SBJ |
Y: BARE |
Locus: Y |
This |
tool |
is |
called |
a |
compass. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: Passive. |
Estonian
kutsuma
Valency pattern:
PART_TRANSL
|
X: PART |
Y: TRANSL |
Locus: XY |
seda |
mõõteriista |
kutsu-takse |
kompassi-ks |
dem
.
sg
.
part
|
measuring_tool.
sg
.
part
|
call-
prs
.
imprs
|
compass-
transl
|
‘This measuring tool is called a compass.’ |
Finnish
kutsua (PASS.IMPERS)
Valency pattern:
PART_TRANS
|
X: PART |
Y: TRANS |
Locus: XY |
tä-tä |
työkalu-a |
kutsu-taan |
kompassi-ksi |
this-
part
|
tool-
part
|
call-
pass
.
impers
|
compass-
trans
|
‘This tool is called a compass.’ |
Forest Enets
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
French
s’appeler
Valency pattern:
SBJ_BARE
|
X: SBJ |
Y: BARE |
Locus: Y |
cet |
instrument |
s’ |
appelle |
une |
boussole |
this.
sg
.
m
|
instrument(
m
)
|
refl
|
call.
prs
.3
sg
|
indf
.
sg
.
f
|
compass(
f
)
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Note: This is not a transitive construction (cf. the use of "comment" ‘how’ as an interrogative word). |
Georgian
h-kv-i-a (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
am |
nivt-s |
k'omp'as-i |
h-kv-i-a |
attr
.
dem
.
prox
_
obl
|
thing-
dat
|
compass-
nom
|
io
3-be_called-
stat
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
German
heißen
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: Y |
dies-es |
Instrument |
heiß-t |
Kompass |
this-
n
.
nom
.
sg
|
instrument[
nom
.
sg
]
|
be_called-
prs
.3
sg
|
compass[
nom
.
sg
]
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Guinean Kpelle
láa ɓáa
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
vɛ̀lî |
kɛ́ |
hɛ́ŋ̀ |
ɲɛ́i |
láa |
ɓáa |
à |
dàmaŋ |
def
\music
|
make
|
thing\
l
|
dem
|
name
|
cop
|
with
|
daman
|
‘This instrument is called daman.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Icari Dargwa
b=ik'ʷ-araj
Valency pattern:
SUPLAT_ABS(NO.AGR)
|
X: SUPLAT |
Y: ABS(NO.AGR) |
Locus: XY |
iž |
cik'al-lij |
kompas |
b=ik'ʷ-ar |
this
|
thing-
suplat
|
compass.
abs
|
n
=call:
ipf
-
hab
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Note: Transimpersonal construction. |
Irish
glaoigh
Valency pattern:
ar_SBJ
|
X: ar |
Y: SBJ |
Locus: X |
Glaoí-tear |
compass |
air |
an |
uirlis. |
call-
pass
.
prs
|
compass
|
on
|
def
|
instrument
|
‘The instrument is called a compass.’ |
Italian
chiamarsi
Valency pattern:
SBJ_BARE(NO.AGR)
|
X: SBJ |
Y: BARE(NO.AGR) |
Locus: Y |
quest-o |
strument-o |
si |
chiam-a |
bussol-a |
this-
sg
.
m
|
instrument-
sg
.
m
|
refl
|
call-3
sg
.
prs
|
compass-
sg
.
f
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Kadar Dargwa
CL-uk'-as (IPFV)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: XY |
eš |
zat-i-s |
b-uk'-ar |
kompas |
this
|
thing-
obl
-
dat
|
hpl
-say.
ipfv
-
th
|
compass(
rus
)
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Note: Transimpersonal construction. |
Kalderash Romani
buśol
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: Y |
kad-o |
buśo-l |
kompas-o |
this-
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
be_called-
prs
.3
sg
|
compass-
nom
.
sg
|
‘This is called a compass.’ |
Kandyk Tabasaran
Valency pattern:
ABS_ABS(NO.AGR)
|
X: ABS |
Y: ABS(NO.AGR) |
Locus: Y |
ha-mu |
mutmu |
kompas |
k’ur-u-b |
vu |
emph
-3.
p
|
thing(
abs
)
|
compass
|
say-
part
-
n
.
sg
|
cop
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate (participle). |
Karata
c’c’eri bik’waɬa
Valency pattern:
LAT_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: LAT |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: XY |
ha-b |
hedela-ɬjar |
c’c’eri |
kompas |
idja |
this-
n
|
thing-
obl
.
lat
|
name
|
compass
|
cop
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Kaytag Dargwa
bik’vara
Valency pattern:
SUPER_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: SUPER |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: XY |
hež |
cik’al-ži |
kоmpas |
b-ik’v-ar |
prox
|
thing-
super
|
compass
|
n
-say.
ipf
-
evt
3
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Note: Transimpersonal construction. |
Kazakh
atal
Valency pattern:
NOM_dep
|
X: NOM |
Y: dep |
Locus: Y |
Bul |
zat |
kompas |
de-p |
ata-l-adï |
this
|
thing
|
compass
|
say-
cvb
|
call-
pass
-
prs
2.3
sg
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Kazym Khanty
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
tǎm |
pǒrmǝs-en |
nԑm-ǝλ |
kɔmpas |
this
|
thing-
poss
.2
sg
|
name-
poss
.3
sg
|
compass
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Khoekhoe
ǂgai-he
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ti
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ti |
Locus: Y |
Nē |
ǁgaba-s |
ge |
Kompas |
ti |
ra |
ǂgai-he |
prox
|
tool-3
f
.
sg
|
decl
|
compass
|
quot
|
ipfv
|
call-
pass
|
‘This tool is called a compass.’ |
Khwarshi
ca gołe
Valency pattern:
SUPER_ABS
|
X: SUPER |
Y: ABS |
Locus: X |
a-r-łi |
gange-ƛ'o |
ca |
gołe |
šalfej |
prox
-
iv
-
dem
.
o
.
noni
|
flower(
iv
)-
super
|
name(
iv
)
|
be.
prs
|
sage
|
‘This flower is called sage.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Kina Rutul
dur jiɁi
Valency pattern:
ATTR_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: ATTR |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: XY |
mi |
kar-di-d |
dur |
jiɁi |
kompas |
this
|
thing-
obl
-
attr
|
name(
nom
)
|
4.
cop
|
compass(
nom
)
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Kumyk
ajtmaq
Valency pattern:
DAT_dep
|
X: DAT |
Y: dep |
Locus: XY |
šu |
zat-ʁa |
kompas |
dep |
ajt-ɨl-a |
this
|
thing-
dat
|
compass
|
cit
|
say-
pass
-3
sg
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Latin
appello + PASS
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: Y |
qui |
ips-orum |
lingu-a |
Celt-ae, |
nostr-a |
Gall-i |
appella-ntur |
which.
nom
.
pl
.
m
|
oneself-
gen
.
pl
.
m
|
language(
f
)-
abl
.
sg
|
c
elt(
m
)-
nom
.
pl
|
our-
abl
.
sg
.
f
|
g
aul(
m
)-
nom
.
pl
|
call[
prs
.
ind
]-
mid
.3
pl
|
‘... who in their own language are called Celts, in our Gauls.’ |
Note: (Caes. Gall. I, 11) |
Laz
o-ʒ-u
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
ham |
še(r)-i-s |
k'omp'as-i |
g-Ø-ö-ʒ-in-Ø |
dem
.
prox
|
thing-
b
-
dat
|
compass-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-lie-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Note: Lit. ‘[The name] compass lies on this thing.’ |
Mandarin Chinese
jiàozuò
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
zhè-ge |
gōngjù |
jiàozuò |
zhǐnánzhēn |
this-
clf
|
tool
|
be_called
|
compass
|
‘This tool is called a compass.’ |
Note: There are some doubts as to whether this can be treated as a transitive construction. |
Mano
gèē
Valency pattern:
lee_BARE
|
X: lee |
Y: BARE |
Locus: XY |
óò |
gèē |
à |
lɛ̀ɛ̄ |
Cèé |
3
pl
.
ipfv
>3
sg
|
say:
ipfv
|
3
sg
|
to
|
pn
|
‘He is called Ce.’ |
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction with a dummy 3SG DO. |
Mehweb
Valency pattern:
SUPER.LAT_ile
|
X: SUPER.LAT |
Y: ile |
Locus: XY |
hel |
sik'aj-če |
b-uk'-ul |
kоmpas |
i-le |
that
|
thing.
obl
-
super
(
lat
)
|
hpl
-say:
ipfv
-
hab
|
compas
|
say:
pfv
-
cvb
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Note: Transimpersonal construction. |
Mingrelian
Ø-ǯox-on-Ø (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
te |
mudgaren-s |
k'omp'as-(i) |
Ø-ǯox-o(n)-Ø |
dem
.
prox
|
something-
dat
|
compass-(
nom
)
|
io
3-be.called-
sm
-
s
3
sg
.
inact
|
‘This thing (lit. something) is called a compass.’ |
Modern Hebrew
kor-im
Valency pattern:
le_DO
|
X: le |
Y: DO |
Locus: X |
le |
kli |
ha |
z-e |
kor-im |
matspen |
to
|
instrument
|
def
|
this[
sg
]-
m
|
call-
pl
|
compass
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Mukhad Rutul
huxun
Valency pattern:
APUD_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: APUD |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: X |
mi |
kar-dı-χda |
kоmpas |
ruxu-ra |
prox
|
deed-
nh
-
apud
|
compass
|
ipf
.say-
hab
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Nanai
gərbiəsiu-
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
əj |
ǯaka-wa |
kompasа-ǯi |
gərbiə-si-u-ri |
this
|
object-
obl
|
compass-
ins
|
call-
ipfv
-
imps
-
npst
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Nivkh
χawd
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
tu |
+ |
prеdmеt |
kоmpas |
χaw-d |
prox
.
dem
|
+
|
thing
|
compass
|
call-
ind
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Northern Akhvakh
c’c’eri bik’uruƛa
Valency pattern:
LAT_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: LAT |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: XY |
ha |
čula-ɬɬi-ga |
c’c’eri |
gweda |
kompase |
this
|
thing-
obl
-
lat
|
name
|
n
.
cop
|
compass
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Northern Mansi
lāwawe
Valency pattern:
NOM_TRANS
|
X: NOM |
Y: TRANS |
Locus: Y |
ti |
ūj |
n’oxsiɣ |
lāw-awe |
this
|
animal
|
sable-
trans
|
say-
pass
[
npst
.3
sg
]
|
‘This animal is called a sable.’ |
Note: This is a passive construction. |
Northern Yukaghir
mon=
Valency pattern:
ACC_NOM
|
X: ACC |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
tiǝ-ŋ |
instrumjen-ɣаnǝ |
mon-nun-ŋi |
kompаs |
vis
-
at
|
instrument-
acc
|
say-
hab
-
intr
.3
sg
|
compass
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction. |
Norwegian Bokmål
å kalles
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
denne |
gjenstand-en |
kalle-s |
et |
kompas |
this.
m
.
sg
|
object-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
call-
pass
.
prs
|
indf
.
n
.
sg
|
compass
|
‘This object is called a compass.’ |
Polish
nazywać się
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: Y |
ten |
przedmiot |
nazywa |
się |
busol-a |
this.
m
.
nom
.
sg
|
object[
nom
.
sg
]
|
call:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
refl
|
compass-
nom
.
sg
|
‘This object is called a compass.’ |
Russian
nazyvatʹsja
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
ètot |
predmet |
nazyva-et-sja |
kompas-om |
this.
m
.
nom
.
sg
|
object(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
call(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
-
refl
|
compass(
m
)-
ins
.
sg
|
‘This object is called a compass.’ |
Serbian
zvati se
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: Y |
taj |
predmet |
se |
zove |
kompas |
this.
nom
.
sg
.
m
|
object.
nom
.
sg
|
refl
|
call.
prs
.3
sg
|
compass.
nom
.
sg
|
‘This object is called a compass.’ |
Shinaz Rutul
dur xu-n
Valency pattern:
ATTR_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: ATTR |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: XY |
hemi-d |
kar-di-d |
dur |
h-iʔi |
kompas |
this-
attr
|
thing-
obl
-
attr
|
name
|
n
-
cop
|
compass
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Shughni
nům vidow
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
ik-di |
kočor |
nům |
kumpas |
em
-
d
2.
m
.
sg
.
obl
|
thing
|
name
|
compass
|
‘This object is called a compass.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Skolt Saami
kååččeed
Valency pattern:
ACC_ESS
|
X: ACC |
Y: ESS |
Locus: XY |
tän |
tiiŋg |
kååččeet |
kompass-ân |
prox
.
sg
.
acc
|
thing.
sg
.
acc
|
call.
prs
.4
sg
|
compass-
ess
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Slovak
volať sa
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: Y |
Tento |
prístroj |
sa |
volá |
kompas |
this.
m
.
nom
.
sg
|
gadget(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
call(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
compass(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
‘This gadget is called a compass.’ |
Slovenian
imenovati se
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: Y |
ta |
predmet |
se |
imenuje |
kompas |
this.
nom
.
sg
.
m
|
thing[
nom
.
sg
]
|
rfl
|
call:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
compass[
nom
.
sg
]
|
‘This tool is called a compas.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
pê witin
Valency pattern:
DO_QUOT
|
X: DO |
Y: QUOT |
Locus: XY |
ew |
amêr-e |
compass=î |
pê-de-ɫê-n |
this
|
tool-
dem
|
compass=3
sg
.
pc
|
prev
-
ind
-tell.
prs
-3
pl
|
‘This tool is called a compass. ’ |
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction (lit. ‘they call this tool a compass’). |
Southern Rutul
huxhun
Valency pattern:
DIR_NOM
|
X: DIR |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
havnaa-xdiy |
kompas |
ruxhu-r |
med
.
obl
-
dir
|
compass
|
ipf
.say-
prs
|
‘This is called a compass.’ |
Note: Transimpersonal construction. |
Spanish
llamarse
Valency pattern:
SBJ_PRED
|
X: SBJ |
Y: PRED |
Locus: Y |
est-e |
instrumento |
se |
llam-a |
brújula |
this-
m
|
instrument[
sg
.
m
]
|
refl
.3
sg
|
call-
prs
.3
sg
|
compass[
sg
.
f
]
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Standard Arabic
sammā
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: Y |
hāḏihi |
l-Ɂālat-u |
tusammā |
būṣlat-u-n |
this
|
def
-instrument(
f
)-
nom
|
call.
pass
.
ipf
.3
f
|
compass(
f
)-
nom
-
indef
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Note: The verb agrees with the ‘instrument’. |
Svan
x-a-žx-a (PRS)
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
ala-s |
k'omp'as-Ø |
x-a-žx-a |
dem
.
prox
-
dat
|
compass-
nom
|
io
3-
ver
:
sup
-be_called-
prs
|
‘This (thing) is called “a compass”.’ |
Swedish
att kallas för
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
ett |
sådan-t |
här |
verktyg |
kalla-s |
för |
en |
kompass |
indf
.
n
.
sg
|
such-
indf
.
n
.
sg
|
here
|
tool
|
call-
prs
.
pass
|
for
|
indf
.
c
.
sg
|
compass
|
‘This instrument is called a compass.’ |
Note: Phrasal verb (för is not a flagging device). |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
UND_LIN
|
X: UND |
Y: LIN |
Locus: XY |
t<in>a~tawag |
na |
compass |
ang |
gamit |
na |
ito |
<
pv
>
ipfv
~call
|
lin
|
compass
|
subj
|
tool
|
lin
|
prx
.
subj
|
‘This tool is called a compass.’ |
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction. |
Telugu
pilucu
Valency pattern:
ACC_NOM
|
X: ACC |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
ī |
sādhanānni |
diksūci |
pilustāru |
dem
.
prox
|
means(
n
).
sg
.
acc
|
compass(
n
).
sg
.
nom
|
call.
npst
.3
pl
.
epic
|
‘This tool is called a compass.’ |
Tsakhur
ıхhay
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
ma-nčı-n |
do |
kompas |
vo-dun |
dist
-
obl
.
nm
-
n
|
name
|
compass
|
cop
-
n
|
‘This is called a compass.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Tsudakhar Dargwa
COP
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: NOM |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: Y |
ez |
kalbataj=sab |
this
|
pliers=
cop
.
n
|
‘This is called pliers’ (lit. ‘This is pliers’). |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Tsugni Dargwa
b-ik'ʷ-i
Valency pattern:
SUPER(LAT)_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
X: SUPER(LAT) |
Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
Locus: XY |
ħaˤjgi-ge |
kalpatan |
b-ik'ʷ-ar |
this.
obl
-
super
(
lat
)
|
pliers
|
hpl
-say-3
hab
.
prs
|
‘This is called pliers.’ |
Note: Transimpersonal construction, the verb indexed the (unnamed) human ‘sayers’. |
Turkish
ad-POSS COP
Valency pattern:
GEN_PRED
|
X: GEN |
Y: PRED |
Locus: XY |
bu-nun |
ad-ı |
pusula-dır |
this-
gen
|
name-
p
.3
|
compass-
cop
.3
|
‘This is called a compass.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Turoyo
omər
Valency pattern:
IO_DO
|
X: IO |
Y: DO |
Locus: X |
haṯe |
ale |
yo |
k-əmmi-na-la |
puṣəla |
this.
f
|
device.
f
|
cop
.3
sg
|
prs
-say.
ipfv
.
pl
-
ss
.1
pl
-
ls
.3
f
|
compass(
f
)
|
‘This is a device, it is called “compass”’ (Lit. ‘We say “compass” to it’). |
Twi
frε
Valency pattern:
DO_PSEUDOOBJ
|
X: DO |
Y: PSEUDOOBJ |
Locus: XY |
saa |
akadeε |
yi |
yε-frε-ε |
no |
kᴐmpase |
this
|
tool
|
def
|
1
pl
-call-
pst
|
def
|
compass
|
‘This tool is called a compass.’ |
Note: Probably, “no” should be interpreted as a 3SG.O marker. At any event, this structure involves topicalization (cf. ‘This thing, we call it compass’) and the verb as such is transitive, with the thing given the name being the direct object. |
Ulcha
gəlbu
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
əj |
al'o |
gəlbu-ni |
soro |
this
|
vessel
|
name-3
sg
|
soro
|
‘This vessel is called a soro.’ |
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Uzbek
atalmoq
Valency pattern:
NOM_deb
|
X: NOM |
Y: deb |
Locus: Y |
bu |
narsa |
kompas |
de-b |
ata-l-a-di |
this
|
thing
|
compass
|
say-
cvb
|
be_called-
pass
-
prs
2-3
sg
|
‘This object is called a compass.’ |
West Central Oromo
dʒeɗa
Valency pattern:
NOM_BARE
|
X: NOM |
Y: BARE |
Locus: Y |
meeʃaa-n |
kun |
kompaasii |
dʒeɗ-am-a |
tool-
nom
|
this.
nom
|
compass.
abs
|
say-
pass
-3
sg
.
m
.
ipfv
|
‘This tool is called a compass.’ |
Wolof
tudde
Valency pattern:
OBJ_PSEUDOOBJ
|
X: OBJ |
Y: PSEUDOOBJ |
Locus: XY |
naka |
lañu-y |
tudd-e |
garab |
g-ii |
ci |
wolof |
how
|
f
oc
o
/
x
.s
i
:3
pl
-
incpl
|
be.named-
caus
|
tree(
g
)
|
cl
g
-
dem
|
loc
|
wolof(
b
)
|
‘What’s the name of this tree in Wolof?’ lit. ‘How do they name this tree in Wolof?’ |
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction. |
Yargun Lezgian
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM(NSBJ)
|
X: DAT |
Y: NOM(NSBJ) |
Locus: XY |
ida-z |
kompas |
luhu-da |
this.
obl
-
dat
|
compass
|
say.
ipfv
/
mas
-
evt
|
‘This is called a compass.’ |
Zazaki
Valency pattern:
re.PSTP_BARE
|
X: re.PSTP |
Y: BARE |
Locus: XY |
najɛ=re |
va-n-e |
pusula |
this.
f
.
obl
=for
|
say.
prs
-
aug
-3
pl
|
compass
|
‘This is called a compass,’ lit. ‘They say “compass” to this (thing)’ |
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction. |
Zilo Andi
ts’er
Valency pattern:
SUPER.LAT_NOM
|
X: SUPER.LAT |
Y: NOM |
Locus: X |
he-b |
dan-ʔo |
ts’er |
qχ’ilba |
dem
-
inan
1
|
thing[
inan
1]-
super
.
lat
|
name[
inan
2][
nom
]
|
compass
|
‘This thing is called a compass.’ |
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |