BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘be called’

Argument frame: X (be_called) Y
Stimulus sentence: (A boy saw his father’s compass and asked what this was. The father answered him:) ‘ This tool is called a compass .’
Predicate label Ru: называться
Argument frame Ru: X (называться) Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: (Мальчик увидел у отца компас и спросил, что это такое. Отец отвечает ему:) Этот предмет / инструмент] называется [компас / компасом ."

Abaza χ’əz

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
arə́j a-pq̇ə́ʕʷa á-χ’əz kompas-b
prox def -thing 3 sg . n . io -name compass- npst . dcl
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate (not an argument). Non-verbal predicate.

Adyghe je-ʔʷe

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
mə-j kompas r-a-ʔʷe
этот- obl компас( abs ) dat -3 pl . erg -сказать
‘Этот предмет называется компас.’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction, lit. ‘(they) say ‘compass’ to this’.

Aghul tːur + COP

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
me šeʔ.ü-n tːur kːompːas e
demm thing- gen name compass cop
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Not included in the database because 1) X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier and 2) Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate (not an argument).

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic avə šəmma

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
+avva məndi šəmm-u kompas=əl
dem 2. m thing( m ) name( m )- p .3 m compass(?)=3 m
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate. Non-Urmi speaker.

Bambara kó

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
nìn fɔ́li-fɛn` tɔ́gɔ` kó dùnun
this music-thing\ art name\ art say drum
‘This musical instument is called "a drum".’
Note: Not included in the database because 1) X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier and 2) Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate (not an argument). non-verbal predicate.

Brazilian Portuguese chamar-se

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ess-e instrumento se cham-a bússola
dem . med - m instrument( m ) refl call-3 sg . prs compass( f )
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Catalan dir-se

Valency pattern: SBJ_PRED
X: SBJ
Y: PRED
Locus: Y
aquest-a eina es diu brúixola
this. sg - f instrument( f ) refl .3 sg say.3 sg . prs . ind compass( f )
‘This tool is called a compass.’

Czech jmenovat se

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM
X: NOM
Y: NOM
Locus: Y
tahle věc se jmenuje kompas
this. f . nom . sg thing( f )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc call( ipfv ). prs .3 sg compass( m )[ nom . sg ]
‘This object is called a compass.’

Danish kalde

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Dette værktøj kalde-s et kompas
dem . n . sg tool( n ) call- pass . prs indf . sg compass( n )
‘This tool is called a compass.’

Dutch heten

Valency pattern: SBJ_PRED
X: SBJ
Y: PRED
Locus: Y
dit voorwerp hee-t een kompas
dem . n . sg object( n ) be.called-3 sg art . indf compass( n )
‘This object is called a compass.’

Eastern Maninka fɔ́

Valency pattern: ma_SBJ&QUOT
X: ma
Y: SBJ&QUOT
Locus: XY
À yé fɔ́-la nìn mà lè kó kònin.
3 sg be say- inf . la this adr foc quot lute
‘This thing is called "lute".’

English be called

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE
X: SBJ
Y: BARE
Locus: Y
This tool is called a compass.
Note: Passive.

Estonian kutsuma

Valency pattern: PART_TRANSL
X: PART
Y: TRANSL
Locus: XY
seda mõõteriista kutsu-takse kompassi-ks
dem . sg . part measuring_tool. sg . part call- prs . imprs compass- transl
‘This measuring tool is called a compass.’

Finnish kutsua (PASS.IMPERS)

Valency pattern: PART_TRANS
X: PART
Y: TRANS
Locus: XY
tä-tä työkalu-a kutsu-taan kompassi-ksi
this- part tool- part call- pass . impers compass- trans
‘This tool is called a compass.’

Forest Enets *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

French s’appeler

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE
X: SBJ
Y: BARE
Locus: Y
cet instrument s’ appelle une boussole
this. sg . m instrument( m ) refl call. prs .3 sg indf . sg . f compass( f )
‘This instrument is called a compass.’
Note: This is not a transitive construction (cf. the use of "comment" ‘how’ as an interrogative word).

Georgian h-kv-i-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
am nivt-s k'omp'as-i h-kv-i-a
attr . dem . prox _ obl thing- dat compass- nom io 3-be_called- stat - s 3 sg . inact
‘This thing is called a compass.’

German heißen

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM
X: NOM
Y: NOM
Locus: Y
dies-es Instrument heiß-t Kompass
this- n . nom . sg instrument[ nom . sg ] be_called- prs .3 sg compass[ nom . sg ]
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Irish glaoigh

Valency pattern: ar_SBJ
X: ar
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
Glaoí-tear compass air an uirlis.
call- pass . prs compass on def instrument
‘The instrument is called a compass.’

Italian chiamarsi

Valency pattern: SBJ_PRED
X: SBJ
Y: PRED
Locus: Y
quest-o strument-o si chiam-a bussol-a
this- sg . m instrument- sg . m refl call-3 sg . prs compass- sg . f
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Kalderash Romani buśol

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM
X: NOM
Y: NOM
Locus: Y
kad-o buśo-l kompas-o
this- m . dir . sg be_called- prs .3 sg compass- nom . sg
‘This is called a compass.’

Kazakh atal

Valency pattern: NOM_dep
X: NOM
Y: dep
Locus: Y
Bul zat kompas de-p ata-l-adï
this thing compass say- cvb call- pass - prs 2.3 sg
‘This thing is called a compass.’

Kazym Khanty *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
tǎm pǒrmǝs-en nԑm-ǝλ kɔmpas
this thing- poss .2 sg name- poss .3 sg compass
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Not included in the database because 1) X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier and 2) Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate (not an argument).

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: SUPER_ABS
X: SUPER
Y: ABS
Locus: X
a-r-łi gange-ƛ'o ca gołe šalfej
prox - iv - dem . o . noni цветок( iv )- super имя( iv ) быть. prs шалфей
‘Этот цветок называется шалфей.’
Note: It is not entirely clear where is the agreement source here (whether it is ‘name’ or ‘sage’) because the copula in the Present tense lacks agrrement. Somewhat arbitrarily, I treated ‘sage’ as a regular ABS argument. СС. Мне в целом нравится. Только еще уточняющий вопрос: на связке согласование вызывет «имя», так? А «шалфей» это не подлежащее в абсолютиве, а что-то вроде, как говорят у нас в школе, «именной части составного именного сказуемого».

Kina Rutul dur jiɁi

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
mi kar-di-d dur jiɁi kompas
this thing- obl - attr name( nom ) 4. cop compass( nom )
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate (not an argument).

Latin appello + PASS

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM
X: NOM
Y: NOM
Locus: Y
qui ips-orum lingu-a Celt-ae, nostr-a Gall-i appella-ntur
which. nom . pl . m oneself- gen . pl . m language( f )- abl . sg c elt( m )- nom . pl our- abl . sg . f g aul( m )- nom . pl call[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 pl
‘... who in their own language are called Celts, in our Gauls.’
Note: (Caes. Gall. I, 11)

Mandarin Chinese jiàozuò

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
zhè-ge gōngjù jiàozuò zhǐnánzhēn
this- clf tool be_called compass
‘This tool is called a compass.’
Note: There are some doubts as to whether this can be treated as a transitive construction.

Mingrelian Ø-ǯox-on-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
te mudgaren-s k'omp'as-(i) Ø-ǯox-o(n)-Ø.
dem . prox something- dat compass-( nom ) io 3-be.called- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘This thing (lit. something) is called a compass.’

Modern Hebrew kor-im

Valency pattern: le_DO
X: le
Y: DO
Locus: X
le kli ha z-e kor-im matspen
to instrument def this[ sg ]- m call- pl compass
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Nanai gərbiəsiu-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
əj ǯaka-wa kompasа-ǯi gərbiə-si-u-ri
this object- obl compass- ins call- ipfv - imps - npst
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Nivkh χawd

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
tu + prеdmеt kоmpas χaw-d
prox . dem + thing compass call- ind
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Northern Mansi lāwawe

Valency pattern: NOM_TRANS
X: NOM
Y: TRANS
Locus: Y
ti ūj n’oxsiɣ lāw-awe
this animal sable- trans say- pass [ npst .3 sg ]
‘This animal is called a sable.’
Note: This is a passive construction.

Northern Yukaghir mon=

Valency pattern: ACC_NOM
X: ACC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
tiǝ-ŋ instrumjen-ɣаnǝ mon-nun-ŋi kompаs.
vis - at instrument- acc say- hab - intr .3 sg compass
‘This instrument is called a compass.’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction.

Norwegian Bokmål å kalles

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
denne gjenstand-en kalle-s et kompas
this. m . sg object- def . m . sg call- pass . prs indf . n . sg compass
‘This object is called a compass.’

Polish nazywać się

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM
X: NOM
Y: NOM
Locus: Y
ten przedmiot nazywa się busol-a
this. m . nom . sg object[ nom . sg ] call: ipfv . prs .3 sg refl compass- nom . sg
‘This object is called a compass.’

Russian nazyvatʹsja

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
ètot predmet nazyva-et-sja kompas-om
this. m . nom . sg object( m )[ nom . sg ] call( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl compass( m )- ins . sg
‘This object is called a compass.’

Serbian zvati se

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM
X: NOM
Y: NOM
Locus: Y
taj predmet se zove kompas
this. nom . sg . m object. nom . sg refl call. prs .3 sg compass. nom . sg
‘This object is called a compass.’

Shughni nům vidow

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ik-di kočor nům kumpas
em - d 2. m . sg . obl thing name compass
‘This object is called a compass.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate (not an argument).

Skolt Saami kååččeed

Valency pattern: ACC_ESS
X: ACC
Y: ESS
Locus: XY
tän tiiŋg kååččeet kompass-ân
prox . sg . acc thing. sg . acc call. prs .4 sg compass- ess
‘This thing is called a compass.’

Slovak volať sa

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM
X: NOM
Y: NOM
Locus: Y
Tento prístroj sa volá kompas
this. m . nom . sg gadget( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc call( ipfv ). prs .3 sg compass( m )[ nom . sg ]
‘This gadget is called a compass.’

Slovenian imenovati se

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM
X: NOM
Y: NOM
Locus: Y
ta predmet se imenuje kompas
this. nom . sg . m thing[ nom . sg ] rfl call: ipfv . prs .3 sg compass[ nom . sg ]
‘This tool is called a compas.’

Sorani Kurdish pê witin

Valency pattern: DO_QUOT
X: DO
Y: QUOT
Locus: XY
ew amêr-e compass=î pê-de-ɫê-n
this tool- dem compass=3 sg . pc prev - ind -tell. prs -3 pl
‘This tool is called a compass. ’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction (lit. ‘they call this tool a compass’).

Spanish llamarse

Valency pattern: SBJ_PRED
X: SBJ
Y: PRED
Locus: Y
est-e instrumento se llam-a brújula
this- m instrument[ sg . m ] refl .3 sg call- prs .3 sg compass[ sg . f ]
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

Swedish att kallas för

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ett sådan-t här verktyg kalla-s för en kompass
indf . n . sg such- indf . n . sg here tool call- prs . pass for indf . c . sg compass
‘This instrument is called a compass.’
Note: Phrasal verb (för is not a flagging device).

Tagalog

Valency pattern: UND_LIN
X: UND
Y: LIN
Locus: Y
T<in>a~tawag na compass ang gamit na ito
< pv > ipfv ~call lin compass subj tool lin prx . subj
‘This tool is called a compass.’
Note: SS. ‘This tool’ has the status I identify as UND (PV & SBJ). However, ‘compass’ is not an ACT (‘Indeed, one can add an agent with a ng- phrase (tinatawag na compass ang gamit na ito ng mga scientists “scientists call this tool a compass”), so the “na compass” does seem to be something else»). The label LIN is somewhat arbitrarz though, but it signals some special relation to the predicate.

Telugu pilucu

Valency pattern: ACC_NOM
X: ACC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ī sādhanānni diksūci pilustāru
dem . prox means( n ). sg . acc compass( n ). sg . nom call. npst .3 pl . epic
‘This tool is called a compass.’

Turkish *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
bu-nun ad-ı pusula-dır
this- gen name- p .3 compass- cop .3
‘This is called a compass.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate (not an argument).

Ulcha gəlbu

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
əj al'o gəlbu-ni soro
this vessel name-3 sg soro
‘This vessel is called a soro.’
Note: Not included in the database because i) X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier, ii) Y is expressed as a (non-verbal) predicate (not an argument).

Uzbek atalmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_deb
X: NOM
Y: deb
Locus: Y
bu narsa kompas de-b ata-l-a-di
this thing compass say- cvb be_called- pass - prs 2-3 sg
‘This object is called a compass.’

West Central Oromo dʒeɗa

Valency pattern: NOM_BARE
X: NOM
Y: BARE
Locus: Y
meeʃaa-n kun kompaasii dʒeɗ-am-a
tool- nom this. nom compass. abs say- pass -3 sg . m . ipfv
‘This tool is called a compass.’

Zilo Andi ts’er

Valency pattern: SUPER.LAT_NOM
X: SUPER.LAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
he-b dan-ʔo ts’er qχ’ilba
dem - inan 1 thing[ inan 1]- super . lat name[ inan 2][ nom ] compass
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.