‘be afraid’
Argument frame: | X (be afraid) of Y |
Stimulus sentence: | (P. has to go out of the house, but there is a dog barking in the yard). P. is afraid of the dog . |
Predicate label Ru: | бояться |
Argument frame Ru: | X (бояться) Y -а |
Stimulus sentence Ru: | (П. нужно выйти из дома, но во дворе лает собака). П. боится собаки . |
Valency pattern: ABS_MAL |
X: ABS |
Y: MAL |
Locus: Y |
á-č̣’ḳʷən | a-lá | d-a-ĉ-ŝ-ə́j-ṭ |
def -boy | def -dog | 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . n . io - mal -be_afraid- prs - dcl |
‘The boy is afraid of the dog.’ |
Valency pattern: DAT_POST.ELAT |
X: DAT |
Y: POST.ELAT |
Locus: XY |
aslan.a-s | χuj.i-q-as | guč’a-a |
pn - dat | dog- post - elat | be.afraid- prs |
‘Aslan is afraid of the dog.’ |
Valency pattern: SBJ_men |
X: SBJ |
Y: men |
Locus: Y |
yala | mən | calba | +bəzday=əl |
boy( m ) | from | dog( m ) | be_afraid. prog =3 m |
‘The boy is afraid of the dog.’ |
Valency pattern: TR |
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
modʲi | kasa-jʔ | buniki-jʔ | piiʔɛ |
i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | dog- nom . sg .1 sg | be_afraid( ipfv ).3 sg . s |
‘My friend is afraid of my dog’. |
Valency pattern: SBJ_mi |
X: SBJ |
Y: mi |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas | mefaχed | me | ha | kelev |
pn | be.afraid[ sg . m ] | from | def | dog |
‘Pinchas is afraid of the dog.’ |
Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
X: NOM |
Y: INS |
Locus: Y |
Petia | enda-ǯi | ŋəələ-j-ni |
pn | собака- ins | пугаться- npst - p .3 sg |
‘Петя боится собаки.’ |
Valency pattern: SBJ_for |
X: SBJ |
Y: for |
Locus: Y |
Per | er | redd | for | hund-en |
pn | be. prs | afraid | for | dog- def . m . sg |
‘Per is afraid of the dog.’ | ||||
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Valency pattern: NOM_GEN |
X: NOM |
Y: GEN |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja | bo-it-sja | sobak-i |
pn ( m )- nom . sg | be_afraid( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl | dog( f )- gen . sg |
‘Petja is afraid of the dog.’ |
Valency pattern: DAT_SUP.EL |
X: DAT |
Y: SUP.EL |
Locus: XY |
rasul-u-s | gič’e-r=a | tɨlɨja-la |
pn - obl - dat | fear. ipfv - cvb =be | dog. obl ( sup )- el |
‘Rasul is afraid of the dog.’ |
Valency pattern: NOM_LOC |
X: NOM |
Y: LOC |
Locus: Y |
Peâtt | pââll | piânnj-est |
pn . sg . nom | fear. prs .3 sg | dog- sg . loc |
‘Pete is afraid of the dog.’ |
Valency pattern: NOM_GEN |
X: NOM |
Y: GEN |
Locus: Y |
Peter | se | malo | boji | ps-a |
pn [ nom . sg ] | rfl | a_little | be_afraid: ipfv . prs .3 sg | dog- gen . sg |
‘Peter is a little afraid of the dog.’ |
Valency pattern: SBJ_for |
X: SBJ |
Y: for |
Locus: Y |
Björn | är | rädd | för | hunden. |
‘Björn is afraid of the dog.’ | ||||
Note: Non-verbal predicate. |
Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
X: NOM |
Y: ABL |
Locus: Y |
Mehmet | köpek-ten | kork-uyor |
pn | dog- abl | be_afraid- prs |
‘Mehmet is afraid of the dog.’ |
Valency pattern: NOM_CONT |
X: NOM |
Y: CONT |
Locus: Y |
ali | χʷe-tʃ’u | sːir.i-r |
pn [ m ][ nom ] | dog. obl - cont | fear. pst - prog |
‘Ali fears the dog.’ |