‘be afraid’
| Argument frame: | X (be afraid) of Y |
| Stimulus sentence: | (P. has to go out of the house, but there is a dog barking in the yard). P. is afraid of the dog . |
| Predicate label Ru: | бояться |
| Argument frame Ru: | X (бояться) Y -а |
| Stimulus sentence Ru: | (П. нужно выйти из дома, но во дворе лает собака). П. боится собаки . |
| Valency pattern: ABS_MAL |
| X: ABS |
| Y: MAL |
| Locus: Y |
| á-č̣’ḳʷən | a-lá | d-a-ĉ-ŝ-ə́j-ṭ |
| def -boy | def -dog | 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . n . io - mal -be_afraid- prs - dcl |
| ‘The boy is afraid of the dog.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: DAT_POST.ELAT |
| X: DAT |
| Y: POST.ELAT |
| Locus: XY |
| aslan.a-s | χuj.i-q-as | guč’a-a |
| pn - dat | dog- post - elat | be.afraid- prs |
| ‘Aslan is afraid of the dog.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_men |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: men |
| Locus: Y |
| yala | mən | calba | +bəzday=əl |
| boy( m ) | from | dog( m ) | be_afraid. prog =3 m |
| ‘The boy is afraid of the dog.’ | |||
| Valency pattern: TR |
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| modʲi | kasa-jʔ | buniki-jʔ | piiʔɛ |
| i | man- nom . sg .1 sg | dog- nom . sg .1 sg | be_afraid( ipfv ).3 sg . s |
| ‘My friend is afraid of my dog’. | |||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_mi |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: mi |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas | mefaχed | me | ha | kelev |
| pn | be.afraid[ sg . m ] | from | def | dog |
| ‘Pinchas is afraid of the dog.’ | ||||
| Valency pattern: NOM_INS |
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia | enda-ǯi | ŋəələ-j-ni |
| pn | собака- ins | пугаться- npst - p .3 sg |
| ‘Петя боится собаки.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_for |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: for |
| Locus: Y |
| Per | er | redd | for | hund-en |
| pn | be. prs | afraid | for | dog- def . m . sg |
| ‘Per is afraid of the dog.’ | ||||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. | ||||
| Valency pattern: NOM_GEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja | bo-it-sja | sobak-i |
| pn ( m )- nom . sg | be_afraid( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl | dog( f )- gen . sg |
| ‘Petja is afraid of the dog.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: DAT_SUP.EL |
| X: DAT |
| Y: SUP.EL |
| Locus: XY |
| rasul-u-s | gič’e-r=a | tɨlɨja-la |
| pn - obl - dat | fear. ipfv - cvb =be | dog. obl ( sup )- el |
| ‘Rasul is afraid of the dog.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: NOM_LOC |
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt | pââll | piânnj-est |
| pn . sg . nom | fear. prs .3 sg | dog- sg . loc |
| ‘Pete is afraid of the dog.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: NOM_GEN |
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter | se | malo | boji | ps-a |
| pn [ nom . sg ] | rfl | a_little | be_afraid: ipfv . prs .3 sg | dog- gen . sg |
| ‘Peter is a little afraid of the dog.’ | ||||
| Valency pattern: SBJ_for |
| X: SBJ |
| Y: for |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn | är | rädd | för | hunden. |
| ‘Björn is afraid of the dog.’ | ||||
| Note: Non-verbal predicate. | ||||
| Valency pattern: NOM_ABL |
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet | köpek-ten | kork-uyor |
| pn | dog- abl | be_afraid- prs |
| ‘Mehmet is afraid of the dog.’ | ||
| Valency pattern: NOM_CONT |
| X: NOM |
| Y: CONT |
| Locus: Y |
| ali | χʷe-tʃ’u | sːir.i-r |
| pn [ m ][ nom ] | dog. obl - cont | fear. pst - prog |
| ‘Ali fears the dog.’ | ||