‘avoid’
| Argument frame: |
X
(avoid)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
(P. owes M. a huge sum of money, which he cannot return. Instead of this)
P.
avoids
M
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
избегать
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(избегать)
Y
-а
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(П. должен М. крупную сумму денег, которую не может вернуть. Поэтому)
П.
избегает
М
.
|
Abaza
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Aghul
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+ṭašə gana
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_men
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: men |
| Locus: Y |
| +Ašur |
gan-u |
+ṭašuy-o=l |
mən |
švav-u |
|
pn
|
refl
(
f
)-
p
.3
m
|
hide(tr).
prog
-
p
.3
f
=3
m
|
from
|
neighbour(
m
)-
p
.3
m
|
| ‘Ashur avoids his neighbor’ (lit. ‘hides himself from his neighbor’). |
Brazilian Portuguese
evitar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
evit-a |
Miguel |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
avoid-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
m
)
|
| ‘Pedro avoids Miguel.’ |
Catalan
evitar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en |
Pere |
evit-a |
en |
Marc |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
avoid-3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
| ‘Pere avoids Marc.’ |
Czech
vyhýbat se
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr |
se |
vyhýbá |
Michal-ovi |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
avoid(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr avoids Michal.’ |
Danish
undgå
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
prøve-r |
at |
undgå |
Marie |
|
pn
|
try-
prs
|
to
|
avoid.
inf
|
pn
|
| ‘Peter tries to avoid Marie.’ |
Dutch
ontlopen
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
ontloop-t |
Marie |
|
pn
(С)
|
avoid-3
sg
|
pn
(С)
|
| ‘Piet avoids Marie.’ |
Estonian
vältima
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
väldi-b |
Mareti-t |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
avoid-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
sg
.
part
|
| ‘Peeter avoids Maret.’ |
Finnish
vältellä
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
vältt-el-ee |
Matti-a |
|
pn
.
nom
|
avoid-
freq
-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
part
|
| ‘Pekka avoids Matti.’ |
Forest Enets
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| vasʲa |
tɔju |
entʃe-goz |
kudʲiku-on |
kanʲe-ga |
|
pn
|
that
|
person.
obl
-
abl
.
sg
|
far-
prol
.
sg
|
leave(
pfv
)-
disc
.3
sg
.
s
|
| ‘Vasja keeps leaving farther from that person’. |
| Note: Not included in the dataset because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence. |
German
meiden
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl |
meide-t |
Marie |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
avoid-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Karl avoids Marie.’ |
Italian
evitare
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo |
evit-a |
Maria |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
avoid-3
sg
.
prs
|
pn
(
f
)
|
| ‘Leo avoids Maria.’ |
Kazakh
qaš
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
Maša-dan |
qaš-ïp |
žür |
|
pn
|
pn
-
abl
|
avoid-
cvb
|
go.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya avoids Masha.’ |
Kazym Khanty
χǒntǝtˊλǝti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOMewelt
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: NOMewelt |
| Locus: Y |
| petr-en |
was’a-j-ǝλ |
ewǝλt |
χǒntǝtˊλ-ǝλ |
|
pn
-
poss
.2
sg
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.3
sg
|
from
|
avoid-
npst
[3
sg
]
|
| ‘Petja avoids Vasja.’ |
Latin
vito
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| nec |
ego |
Brut-um |
vit-o |
|
and_not
|
i
.
nom
|
pn
(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
avoid[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.1
sg
|
| ‘I am not avoiding Brutus.’ |
| Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Att. 12, 29) |
Modern Hebrew
mitχamek
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_mi
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: mi |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas |
mitχamek |
mi |
Menaχem |
|
pn
|
avoid[
ptcp
.
sg
.
m
]
|
from
|
pn
|
| ‘Pinchas avoids Menachem.’ |
Nanai
xoliači-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia |
Maša-wa |
xole-a-či-ni |
|
pn
|
pn
-
obl
|
walk_around-
intr
-
ipfv
.
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia avoids Masha.’ |
Nivkh
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Norwegian Bokmål
å unngå
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
unngå-r |
Ola |
|
pn
|
avoid-
prs
|
pn
|
| ‘Per avoids Ola.’ |
Polish
unikać
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Dariusz |
unika |
Adam-a |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
avoid:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Dariusz avoids Adam.’ |
Russian
izbegatʹ
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
izbega-et |
Maš-i |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
avoid(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
(
f
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja avoids Maša.’ |
Rutul
gʲaʁaˁbʁura
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_SUP.EL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: SUP.EL |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul |
ramazan-ɨ-la: |
gʲa-ʁaˁbʁu-r=a |
|
pn
(
nom
)
|
pn
-
obl
(
sup
)-
el
|
pv
-1.avoid.
pfv
-
cvb
=be
|
| ‘Rasul avoids Ramazan.’ |
Serbian
izbegava
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar |
izbegava |
Marij-u |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
избегать.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Петар избегает Марию.’ |
Shughni
zibidow
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_EL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: EL |
| Locus: Y |
| Ahmed |
as |
Saida |
zibīn-t |
|
pn
|
el
|
pn
|
jump-3
sg
|
| ‘Ahmed avoids Saida.’ |
Skolt Saami
veäʹltted
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peâtt |
veältt |
Määʹrj |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
avoid.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
.
sg
.
acc
|
| ‘Pete avoids Maria’ |
Slovenian
izogibati se
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
se |
izogiba |
Pavl-u |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
rfl
|
avoid:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
pn
-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter avoids Pavel.’ |
Spanish
evitar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
evit-a |
a |
María |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
avoid-
prs
.3
sg
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
|
pn
[
sg
.
f
]
|
| ‘Pedro avoids Maria.’ |
Swedish
att undvika
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
undvik-er |
Maja |
|
pn
|
avoid-
prs
|
pn
|
| ‘Björn avoids Maja.’ |
Turkish
kaçmak
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABL |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet |
Orhan-dan |
kaç-ıyor |
|
pn
|
pn
-
abl
|
escape-
prs
|
| ‘Mehmet avoids Orhan’. |
Ulcha
sirkəči-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INS |
| Locus: Y |
| titam |
min-ǯi |
sir-kəč-i-ni |
|
therefore
|
i
-
ins
|
hide-
imit
-
prs
-3
sg
|
| ‘This is why [he] avoids me (lit. hides himself from).’ |
| Note: Not quite exact translation of the stimulus sentence. |
Zilo Andi
<w>-utʃ’.u-mado
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_CONT.EL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: CONT.EL |
| Locus: Y |
| ali |
muħammadi-tʃ’u-kːu |
w-utʃ’.u-mado |
|
pn
[
m
][
nom
]
|
pn
-
cont
-
el
|
m
-avoid.
pst
-
prog
|
| ‘Ali is avoiding Muhammad.’ |
