BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘answer’

Argument frame: X (answer) Y
Stimulus sentence: (The teacher asked P. what his parents’ names are.) P. answered the teacher .
Predicate label Ru: отвечать
Argument frame Ru: X (отвечать) Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: (Учитель спросил у П., как зовут его родителей). П. ответил учителю .

Abaza ǯawap tə

Valency pattern: ERG_IO
X: ERG
Y: IO
Locus: Y
murád arə́pχ’aʕʷ ǯawap lə-j-t-ṭ
pn def +teacher answer 3 sg . f . io -3 sg . m . erg -give( aor )- dcl
‘Murad answered the teacher.’

Aghul ǯuwab i-

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
aslan.a müʡelim.di-s ǯuwab i-ne
pn ( erg ) teacher- dat answer give: pf - aor
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic yavvəl +ǧuvvab

Valency pattern: SBJ_ka
X: SBJ
Y: ka
Locus: Y
yala yuvvəl-lə +ǧuvvab ka +rabi
boy( m ) give. pst - ls .3 m answer( m ) to teacher( m )
‘The boy answered the teacher.’

Brazilian Portuguese responder

Valency pattern: SBJ_a
X: SBJ
Y: a
Locus: Y
Pedro respond-eu ao professor
pn ( m ) answer-3 sg . pst to+ def . m professor( m )
‘Pedro answered the teacher.’

Catalan contestar

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT
X: SBJ
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
en Pere va contest-ar al professor
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind answer- inf to. def . sg . m teacher( m )
‘Pere answered the teacher.’
Note: Cf. "en Pere li va contestar"

Czech odpovědět

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr učitel-i odpovědě-l
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] teacher( m )- dat . sg answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]
‘Petr answered the teacher.’

Danish svare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter svare-de lærer-en
pn answer- pst teacher(С)- def . sg
‘Peter answered the teacher.’

Dutch antwoorden

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft de leraar ge-antwoor-d
pn ( c ) have.3 sg art . def . c teacher( c ) ptcp -answer- ptcp
‘Piet answered the teacher.’

Estonian vastama

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL
X: NOM
Y: ALL
Locus: Y
Peeter vasta-s õpetaja-le
pn . sg . nom answer- pst .3 sg teacher- all
‘Peeter answered the teacher.’

Finnish vastata

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL
X: NOM
Y: ALL
Locus: Y
Pekka vasta-si opettaja-lle
pn . nom answer- pst .3 sg teacher- all
‘Pekka answered the teacher.’

Forest Enets *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

German antworten

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Karl antworte-te dem Lehrer
pn [ nom . sg ] answer- pst .3 sg def . m . dat . sg teacher[ dat . sg ]
‘Karl answered the teacher.’

Italian rispondere

Valency pattern: SBJ_a
X: SBJ
Y: a
Locus: Y
Leo ha risposto all’ insegnant-e
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs answer. pst . ptcp to. def . sg . m teacher- sg . m
‘Leo answered the teacher.’

Kazakh žawap ber

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya muwɣalіm-ge žawap ber-dі
pn teacher- dat answer give- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya answered the teacher.’

Kazym Khanty jǒχi lǒpti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en uśit’el’-a jǒχi lǒp-ǝs
pn - ep - poss .2 sg teacher- dat home say- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Latin respondeo

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
his Caesar ita respond-it
this. dat . pl pn ( m ) nom . sg so reply[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘To these Caesar replied the following’
Note: (Caes. Gall. I, 14, 1)

Modern Hebrew ana

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
Pinχas ana le more
pn respond[ pst .3 sg . m ] to teacher
‘Pinchas answered the teacher.’

Nanai taodago-

Valency pattern: NOM_DIR
X: NOM
Y: DIR
Locus: Y
Pətjə alo-si-mǯi-či taoda-go-xa-ni
pn teach- ipfv - ag - dir answer- rep - pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia answered the teacher.’

Nivkh itt

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT/ADD
X: SBJ
Y: DAT/ADD
Locus: Y
Kaskazik raw-r̥aŋɢ-rоχ it-t
pn teach-woman- dat / add tell- ind
‘Kaskazik answered the teacher.’

Norwegian Bokmål å svare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per svar-te lærer-en
pn answer- pst teacher- def . m . sg
‘Per answered the teacher.’

Polish odpowiedzieć

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Marek odpowiedzia-ł nauczyciel-owi
pn [ nom . sg ] answer: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] teacher- dat . sg
‘Marek answered the teacher.’

Russian otvetitʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet-ja otveti-l učitel-ju
pn ( m )- nom . sg answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] teacher( m )- dat . sg
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Rutul ǯiwab hɨwɨr

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
rasul-a ǯiwab hɨ<w>ɨ-r maʔalim-a-s
pn - erg answer( nom ) <3>give. pfv - cvb teacher- obl - dat
‘Rasul answered the teacher.’

Serbian odgovorio

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petar je odgovori-o učitelj-u
pn . nom . sg быть. prs .3 sg ответить- part . perf . m . sg учитель- dat . sg
‘Петар ответил учителю.’

Shughni ǰawob δêdow1

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
Azim=i molim-ard ǰawob δod
pn =3 sg teacher- lat answer give. pst
‘Azim answered the teacher.’

Skolt Saami vaʹstteed

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Peâtt vaʹstti-i uʹčteel-a
pn . sg . nom answer- pst .3 sg teacher- sg . ill
‘Pete answered the teacher.’

Slovenian odgovoriti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Peter je odgovori-l učitelj-u
pn [ nom . sg ] aux .3 sg answer: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] teacher- dat . sg
‘Peter answered the teacher.’

Spanish contestar

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
X: SBJ
Y: NDIR.OBJ
Locus: Y
Pedro contest-ó a=l profesor
pn [ sg . m ] answer- aor .3 sg ndir . obj = art . def . sg . m teacher[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro answered the teacher.’

Swedish att svara

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn svara-de lärare-n
pn answer- pst teacher- def . c . sg
‘Björn answered the teacher.’

Turkish cevap vermek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet öğretmen-e cevap ver-di
pn teacher- dat answer give- pst
‘Mehmet answered the teacher.’

Ulcha ǯarali-

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
əldəŋgə, əldəŋgə, xawli ńī-ti ǯaral-i ta-m o-či-ni
interesting interesting anyway human- lat answer- prs do- cvb . sim . sg become- pst -3 sg
‘Interesting, interesting, [he] even learned how to speak (lit. became the one who answers the man).’
Note: This example is taken from natural texts.

Zilo Andi dʒawab itʃː.i

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
ali-di utʃitelʃːu-j dʒawab itʃː.i
pn - erg teacher. obl - dat answer[ inan 1][ nom ] give. pst ( aor )
‘Ali answered the teacher.’