BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

‘answer’

Argument frame: X (answer) Y
Stimulus sentence: (The teacher asked P. what his parents’ names are.) P. answered the teacher .
Predicate label Ru: отвечать
Argument frame Ru: X (отвечать) Y
Stimulus sentence Ru: (Учитель спросил у П., как зовут его родителей). П. ответил учителю .

Abaza ǯawap tə

Valency pattern: ERG_IO
X: ERG
Y: IO
Locus: Y
murád arə́pχ’aʕʷ ǯawap lə-j-t-ṭ
pn def +teacher answer 3 sg . f . io -3 sg . m . erg -give( aor )- dcl
‘Murad answered the teacher.’

Adyghe ǯʼewap je-tə

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
č̣ʼale-m jə-č̣ʼelejeʁaǯʼe-m ǯʼewap r-jə-tə-žʼə-ʁ.
парень- obl poss -учитель- obl ответ( abs ) 3 sg . io + dat -3 sg . erg -дать- re - pst
‘Парень ответил учителю.’

Aghul ǯuwab i-

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
aslan.a müʡelim.di-s ǯuwab i-ne
pn ( erg ) teacher- dat answer give: pf - aor
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic yavvəl +ǧuvvab

Valency pattern: SBJ_ka
X: SBJ
Y: ka
Locus: Y
yala yuvvəl-lə +ǧuvvab ka +rabi
boy( m ) give. pst - ls .3 m answer( m ) to teacher( m )
‘The boy answered the teacher.’

Bambara jáabi

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù ye kàramɔgɔ` jáabi
pn pfv . tr teacher\ art answer
‘Seku answered the teacher.’

Brazilian Portuguese responder

Valency pattern: SBJ_a
X: SBJ
Y: a
Locus: Y
Pedro respond-eu ao professor
pn ( m ) answer-3 sg . pst to+ def . m professor( m )
‘Pedro answered the teacher.’

Catalan contestar

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT
X: SBJ
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
en Pere va contest-ar al professor
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind answer- inf to. def . sg . m teacher( m )
‘Pere answered the teacher.’
Note: Cf. "en Pere li va contestar"

Czech odpovědět

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr učitel-i odpovědě-l
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] teacher( m )- dat . sg answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]
‘Petr answered the teacher.’

Danish svare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter svare-de lærer-en
pn answer- pst teacher(С)- def . sg
‘Peter answered the teacher.’

Dutch antwoorden

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft de leraar ge-antwoor-d
pn ( c ) have.3 sg art . def . c teacher( c ) ptcp -answer- ptcp
‘Piet answered the teacher.’

Eastern Maninka jèbi

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù kà kàramɔɔ` jèbi.
pn prf teacher\ art answer
‘Seku answered the teacher.’

English answer

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter answered the teacher.

Estonian vastama

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL
X: NOM
Y: ALL
Locus: Y
Peeter vasta-s õpetaja-le
pn . sg . nom answer- pst .3 sg teacher- all
‘Peeter answered the teacher.’

Finnish vastata

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL
X: NOM
Y: ALL
Locus: Y
Pekka vasta-si opettaja-lle
pn . nom answer- pst .3 sg teacher- all
‘Pekka answered the teacher.’

Forest Enets *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

French répondre

Valency pattern: SBJ_a
X: SBJ
Y: a
Locus: Y
Paul a répondu au professeur
pn ( m ) have. prs .3 sg answer. pst . ptcp . m to. def . sg . m teacher( m )
‘Paul answered the teacher.’

Georgian Ø-u-p'asux-eb-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
p'et're-m masc'avlebel-s Ø-u-p'asux-a
pn - erg teacher- dat io 3- ver : o -answer- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre answered the teacher.’

German antworten

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Karl antworte-te dem Lehrer
pn [ nom . sg ] answer- pst .3 sg def . m . dat . sg teacher[ dat . sg ]
‘Karl answered the teacher.’

Irish freagair

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
D’=fhreagair Pól an múinteoir.
pst =answer pn def teacher
‘Pól answered the teacher.’

Italian rispondere

Valency pattern: SBJ_a
X: SBJ
Y: a
Locus: Y
Leo ha risposto all’ insegnant-e
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs answer. pst . ptcp to. def . sg . m teacher- sg . m
‘Leo answered the teacher.’

Kalderash Romani *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
o Murš-a phen-ď-a la ućiteľnic-akə
art . m . dir . sg pn - nom . sg say- pst -3 sg art . f . obl . sg teacher(female)- dat . sg
‘Murša answered the (female) teacher.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Kazakh žawap ber

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya muwɣalіm-ge žawap ber-dі
pn teacher- dat answer give- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya answered the teacher.’

Kazym Khanty jǒχi lǒpti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en uśit’el’-a jǒχi lǒp-ǝs
pn - ep - poss .2 sg teacher- dat home say- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Khwarshi

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
di-lo uža učitele-l žawab tiƛ-na
1 sg . o - gen 2 сын\ erg учитель- dat ответ( iii ) давать- pst . u
‘Мой сын ответил учителю.’

Kina Rutul ǯiwab hɨwɨr

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
rasul-a ǯiwab hɨ<w>ɨ-r maʔalim-a-s
pn - erg answer( nom ) <3>give. pfv - cvb teacher- obl - dat
‘Rasul answered the teacher.’

Latin respondeo

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
his Caesar ita respond-it
this. dat . pl pn ( m ) nom . sg so reply[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘To these Caesar replied the following’
Note: (Caes. Gall. I, 14, 1)

Mandarin Chinese huídá

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān huídá le lǎoshī-de wèntí
pn answer pfv teacher- de question
‘Zhangsan answered the teacher′s question. ’
Note: Classified as TR because using a simple noun "lǎoshī" as the DO is also acceptable.

Mingrelian Ø-u-p'asux-en-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
čelo-k ušt'el-s Ø-u-p'asux-(u).
pn - erg teacher- dat io 3- ver : o -answer-( s 3 sg . pst )
‘Chelo answered the teacher.’
Note: This verb is a recent borrowing from Georgian.

Modern Hebrew ana

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
Pinχas ana le more
pn respond[ pst .3 sg . m ] to teacher
‘Pinchas answered the teacher.’

Nanai taodago-

Valency pattern: NOM_DIR
X: NOM
Y: DIR
Locus: Y
Pətjə alo-si-mǯi-či taoda-go-xa-ni
pn teach- ipfv - ag - dir answer- rep - pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia answered the teacher.’

Nivkh itt

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT/ADD
X: SBJ
Y: DAT/ADD
Locus: Y
Kaskazik raw-r̥aŋɢ-rоχ it-t
pn teach-woman- dat / add tell- ind
‘Kaskazik answered the teacher.’

Northern Mansi akwjuwl’e lawǝs

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
n’āwram ēkwa-n akwjuwl’e law-ǝs
child woman- lat back say- pst [3 sg ]
‘The child answered the woman’

Northern Yukaghir īmǝrǝj=

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Sǝmiǝn urа-ri-dˈа̄-jǝ-ŋinˈ mǝr īmǝrǝ-j-lˈǝl-u-m
pn study- caus - mult - nlzr - dat aff answer- pf - evid -0- tr .3 sg
‘Semien answered the teacher.’

Norwegian Bokmål å svare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per svar-te lærer-en
pn answer- pst teacher- def . m . sg
‘Per answered the teacher.’

Polish odpowiedzieć

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Marek odpowiedzia-ł nauczyciel-owi
pn [ nom . sg ] answer: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] teacher- dat . sg
‘Marek answered the teacher.’

Russian otvetitʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet-ja otveti-l učitel-ju
pn ( m )- nom . sg answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] teacher( m )- dat . sg
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Serbian odgovoriti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petar je odgovori-o učitelj-u
pn . nom . sg be. prs .3 sg answer- part . perf . m . sg teacher- dat . sg
‘Petar answered the teacher.’

Shughni ǰawob δêdow1

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
Azim=i molim-ard ǰawob δod
pn =3 sg teacher- lat answer give. pst
‘Azim answered the teacher.’

Skolt Saami vaʹstteed

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Peâtt vaʹstti-i uʹčteel-a
pn . sg . nom answer- pst .3 sg teacher- sg . ill
‘Pete answered the teacher.’

Slovak odpovedať

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Peter odpoveda-l učiteľ-ovi
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] teacher( m )- dat . sg
‘Peter answered the teacher.’

Slovenian odgovoriti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Peter je odgovori-l učitelj-u
pn [ nom . sg ] aux .3 sg answer: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] teacher- dat . sg
‘Peter answered the teacher.’

Sorani Kurdish wiɫam danewe

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Hîwa wiɫam-î mamosta-ke=î da-Ø-we
pn answer- izf teacher- def =3 sg . pc give. pst -3 sg - asp
‘Hiwa answered the teacher.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Spanish contestar

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
X: SBJ
Y: NDIR.OBJ
Locus: Y
Pedro contest-ó a=l profesor
pn [ sg . m ] answer- aor .3 sg ndir . obj = art . def . sg . m teacher[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro answered the teacher.’

Swedish att svara

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn svara-de lärare-n
pn answer- pst teacher- def . c . sg
‘Björn answered the teacher.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: TR
X: ACT
Y: UND
Locus: TR
S<in>agot ni Pedro ang guro
< pv > pfv .answer pers . gen pn subj teacher
‘Pedro answered the teacher’

Telugu javābu ivvu

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pravīṇ tana gurugāri-ki javābu iccāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom own teacher. hon ( m ). sg . obl - dat reply( n ). sg . nom give. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen answered the teacher.’

Turkish cevap vermek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet öğretmen-e cevap ver-di
pn teacher- dat answer give- pst
‘Mehmet answered the teacher.’

Ulcha ǯarali-

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
əldəŋgə, əldəŋgə, xawli ńī-ti ǯaral-i ta-m o-či-ni
interesting interesting anyway human- lat answer- prs do- cvb . sim . sg become- pst -3 sg
‘Interesting, interesting, [he] even learned how to speak (lit. became the one who answers the man).’
Note: This example is taken from natural texts.

Uzbek žavob bermoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya o’qituvči-ga žavob ber-di
pn teacher- dat answer give- pst .3 sg
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

West Central Oromo deebii kenna

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
obsaa-n bar-siis-ittʃaa-f deebii kenn-e
pn - nom learn- caus - def - dat answer. abs give-3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa answered the teacher.’

Zilo Andi dʒawab itʃː.i

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
ali-di utʃitelʃːu-j dʒawab itʃː.i
pn - erg teacher. obl - dat answer[ inan 1][ nom ] give. pst ( aor )
‘Ali answered the teacher.’