‘answer’
Argument frame: |
X
(answer)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
(The teacher asked P. what his parents’ names are.)
P.
answered
the teacher
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
отвечать
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(отвечать)
Y
-у
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(Учитель спросил у П., как зовут его родителей).
П.
ответил
учителю
.
|
Abaza
ǯawap tə
Valency pattern:
ERG_IO
|
X: ERG |
Y: IO |
Locus: Y |
murád |
arə́pχ’aʕʷ |
ǯawap |
lə-j-t-ṭ |
pn
|
def
+teacher
|
answer
|
3
sg
.
f
.
io
-3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-give(
aor
)-
dcl
|
‘Murad answered the teacher.’ |
Aghul
ǯuwab i-
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
X: ERG |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
aslan.a |
müʡelim.di-s |
ǯuwab |
i-ne |
pn
(
erg
)
|
teacher-
dat
|
answer
|
give:
pf
-
aor
|
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
yavvəl +ǧuvvab
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ka
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ka |
Locus: Y |
yala |
yuvvəl-lə |
+ǧuvvab |
ka |
+rabi |
boy(
m
)
|
give.
pst
-
ls
.3
m
|
answer(
m
)
|
to
|
teacher(
m
)
|
‘The boy answered the teacher.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
responder
Valency pattern:
SBJ_a
|
X: SBJ |
Y: a |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
respond-eu |
ao |
professor |
pn
(
m
)
|
answer-3
sg
.
pst
|
to+
def
.
m
|
professor(
m
)
|
‘Pedro answered the teacher.’ |
Catalan
contestar
Valency pattern:
SBJ_DAT
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
en |
Pere |
va |
contest-ar |
al |
professor |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
answer-
inf
|
to.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
teacher(
m
)
|
‘Pere answered the teacher.’ |
Note: Cf. "en Pere li va contestar" |
Czech
odpovědět
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petr |
učitel-i |
odpovědě-l |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
teacher(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
answer(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
‘Petr answered the teacher.’ |
Danish
svare
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
svare-de |
lærer-en |
pn
|
answer-
pst
|
teacher(С)-
def
.
sg
|
‘Peter answered the teacher.’ |
Dutch
antwoorden
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
heeft |
de |
leraar |
ge-antwoor-d |
pn
(
c
)
|
have.3
sg
|
art
.
def
.
c
|
teacher(
c
)
|
ptcp
-answer-
ptcp
|
‘Piet answered the teacher.’ |
Estonian
vastama
Valency pattern:
NOM_ALL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ALL |
Locus: Y |
Peeter |
vasta-s |
õpetaja-le |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
answer-
pst
.3
sg
|
teacher-
all
|
‘Peeter answered the teacher.’ |
Finnish
vastata
Valency pattern:
NOM_ALL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ALL |
Locus: Y |
Pekka |
vasta-si |
opettaja-lle |
pn
.
nom
|
answer-
pst
.3
sg
|
teacher-
all
|
‘Pekka answered the teacher.’ |
Forest Enets
*
Valency pattern:
NA
|
X: * |
Y: * |
Locus: * |
* |
*
|
* |
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
German
antworten
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Karl |
antworte-te |
dem |
Lehrer |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
answer-
pst
.3
sg
|
def
.
m
.
dat
.
sg
|
teacher[
dat
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl answered the teacher.’ |
Italian
rispondere
Valency pattern:
SBJ_a
|
X: SBJ |
Y: a |
Locus: Y |
Leo |
ha |
risposto |
all’ |
insegnant-e |
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
answer.
pst
.
ptcp
|
to.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
teacher-
sg
.
m
|
‘Leo answered the teacher.’ |
Kazakh
žawap ber
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petya |
muwɣalіm-ge |
žawap |
ber-dі |
pn
|
teacher-
dat
|
answer
|
give-
pst
1.3
sg
|
‘Petya answered the teacher.’ |
Kazym Khanty
jǒχi lǒpti
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
pet’a-j-en |
uśit’el’-a |
jǒχi |
lǒp-ǝs |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
teacher-
dat
|
home
|
say-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja answered the teacher.’ |
Latin
respondeo
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
his |
Caesar |
ita |
respond-it |
this.
dat
.
pl
|
pn
(
m
)
nom
.
sg
|
so
|
reply[
prf
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
‘To these Caesar replied the following’ |
Note: (Caes. Gall. I, 14, 1) |
Modern Hebrew
ana
Valency pattern:
SBJ_le
|
X: SBJ |
Y: le |
Locus: Y |
Pinχas |
ana |
le |
more |
pn
|
respond[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
to
|
teacher
|
‘Pinchas answered the teacher.’ |
Nanai
taodago-
Valency pattern:
NOM_DIR
|
X: NOM |
Y: DIR |
Locus: Y |
Pətjə |
alo-si-mǯi-či |
taoda-go-xa-ni |
pn
|
teach-
ipfv
-
ag
-
dir
|
answer-
rep
-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia answered the teacher.’ |
Nivkh
itt
Valency pattern:
SBJ_DAT/ADD
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DAT/ADD |
Locus: Y |
Kaskazik |
raw-r̥aŋɢ-rоχ |
it-t |
pn
|
teach-woman-
dat
/
add
|
tell-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik answered the teacher.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å svare
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
svar-te |
lærer-en |
pn
|
answer-
pst
|
teacher-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
‘Per answered the teacher.’ |
Polish
odpowiedzieć
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Marek |
odpowiedzia-ł |
nauczyciel-owi |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
answer:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
teacher-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Marek answered the teacher.’ |
Russian
otvetitʹ
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Pet-ja |
otveti-l |
učitel-ju |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
answer(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
teacher(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Petja answered the teacher.’ |
Rutul
ǯiwab hɨwɨr
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
X: ERG |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
rasul-a |
ǯiwab |
hɨ<w>ɨ-r |
maʔalim-a-s |
pn
-
erg
|
answer(
nom
)
|
<3>give.
pfv
-
cvb
|
teacher-
obl
-
dat
|
‘Rasul answered the teacher.’ |
Serbian
odgovorio
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Petar |
je |
odgovori-o |
učitelj-u |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
быть.
prs
.3
sg
|
ответить-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
учитель-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Петар ответил учителю.’ |
Shughni
ǰawob δêdow1
Valency pattern:
NOM_LAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: LAT |
Locus: Y |
Azim=i |
molim-ard |
ǰawob |
δod |
pn
=3
sg
|
teacher-
lat
|
answer
|
give.
pst
|
‘Azim answered the teacher.’ |
Skolt Saami
vaʹstteed
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
X: NOM |
Y: ILL |
Locus: Y |
Peâtt |
vaʹstti-i |
uʹčteel-a |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
answer-
pst
.3
sg
|
teacher-
sg
.
ill
|
‘Pete answered the teacher.’ |
Slovenian
odgovoriti
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Peter |
je |
odgovori-l |
učitelj-u |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
answer:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
teacher-
dat
.
sg
|
‘Peter answered the teacher.’ |
Spanish
contestar
Valency pattern:
SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
|
X: SBJ |
Y: NDIR.OBJ |
Locus: Y |
Pedro |
contest-ó |
a=l |
profesor |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
answer-
aor
.3
sg
|
ndir
.
obj
=
art
.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
teacher[
sg
.
m
]
|
‘Pedro answered the teacher.’ |
Swedish
att svara
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
svara-de |
lärare-n |
pn
|
answer-
pst
|
teacher-
def
.
c
.
sg
|
‘Björn answered the teacher.’ |
Turkish
cevap vermek
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
Mehmet |
öğretmen-e |
cevap |
ver-di |
pn
|
teacher-
dat
|
answer
|
give-
pst
|
‘Mehmet answered the teacher.’ |
Ulcha
ǯarali-
Valency pattern:
NOM_LAT
|
X: NOM |
Y: LAT |
Locus: Y |
əldəŋgə, |
əldəŋgə, |
xawli |
ńī-ti |
ǯaral-i |
ta-m |
o-či-ni |
interesting
|
interesting
|
anyway
|
human-
lat
|
answer-
prs
|
do-
cvb
.
sim
.
sg
|
become-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘Interesting, interesting, [he] even learned how to speak (lit. became the one who answers the man).’ |
Note: This example is taken from natural texts. |
Zilo Andi
dʒawab itʃː.i
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
X: ERG |
Y: DAT |
Locus: Y |
ali-di |
utʃitelʃːu-j |
dʒawab |
itʃː.i |
pn
-
erg
|
teacher.
obl
-
dat
|
answer[
inan
1][
nom
]
|
give.
pst
(
aor
)
|
‘Ali answered the teacher.’ |