‘answer’
| Argument frame: |
X
(answer)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
(The teacher asked P. what his parents’ names are.)
P.
answered
the teacher
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
отвечать
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(отвечать)
Y
-у
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(Учитель спросил у П., как зовут его родителей).
П.
ответил
учителю
.
|
Abaza
ǯawap tə
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_IO
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: IO |
| Locus: Y |
| murád |
arə́pχ’aʕʷ |
ǯawap |
lə-j-t-ṭ |
|
pn
|
def
+teacher
|
answer
|
3
sg
.
f
.
io
-3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-give(
aor
)-
dcl
|
| ‘Murad answered the teacher.’ |
Adyghe
ǯʼewap je-tə
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| č̣ʼale-m |
jə-č̣ʼelejeʁaǯʼe-m |
ǯʼewap |
r-jə-tə-žʼə-ʁ. |
|
парень-
obl
|
poss
-учитель-
obl
|
ответ(
abs
)
|
3
sg
.
io
+
dat
-3
sg
.
erg
-дать-
re
-
pst
|
| ‘Парень ответил учителю.’ |
Aghul
ǯuwab i-
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan.a |
müʡelim.di-s |
ǯuwab |
i-ne |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
teacher-
dat
|
answer
|
give:
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Aslan answered the teacher.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
yavvəl +ǧuvvab
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ka
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ka |
| Locus: Y |
| yala |
yuvvəl-lə |
+ǧuvvab |
ka |
+rabi |
|
boy(
m
)
|
give.
pst
-
ls
.3
m
|
answer(
m
)
|
to
|
teacher(
m
)
|
| ‘The boy answered the teacher.’ |
Bambara
jáabi
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Sékù |
ye |
kàramɔgɔ` |
jáabi |
|
pn
|
pfv
.
tr
|
teacher\
art
|
answer
|
| ‘Seku answered the teacher.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
responder
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_a
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: a |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
respond-eu |
ao |
professor |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
answer-3
sg
.
pst
|
to+
def
.
m
|
professor(
m
)
|
| ‘Pedro answered the teacher.’ |
Catalan
contestar
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_DAT
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| en |
Pere |
va |
contest-ar |
al |
professor |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
answer-
inf
|
to.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
teacher(
m
)
|
| ‘Pere answered the teacher.’ |
| Note: Cf. "en Pere li va contestar" |
Czech
odpovědět
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr |
učitel-i |
odpovědě-l |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
teacher(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
answer(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Petr answered the teacher.’ |
Danish
svare
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
svare-de |
lærer-en |
|
pn
|
answer-
pst
|
teacher(С)-
def
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter answered the teacher.’ |
Dutch
antwoorden
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
heeft |
de |
leraar |
ge-antwoor-d |
|
pn
(
c
)
|
have.3
sg
|
art
.
def
.
c
|
teacher(
c
)
|
ptcp
-answer-
ptcp
|
| ‘Piet answered the teacher.’ |
Eastern Maninka
jèbi
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Sékù |
kà |
kàramɔɔ` |
jèbi. |
|
pn
|
prf
|
teacher\
art
|
answer
|
| ‘Seku answered the teacher.’ |
English
answer
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
answered |
the |
teacher. |
|
|
|
|
| |
Estonian
vastama
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ALL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ALL |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
vasta-s |
õpetaja-le |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
answer-
pst
.3
sg
|
teacher-
all
|
| ‘Peeter answered the teacher.’ |
Finnish
vastata
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ALL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ALL |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
vasta-si |
opettaja-lle |
|
pn
.
nom
|
answer-
pst
.3
sg
|
teacher-
all
|
| ‘Pekka answered the teacher.’ |
Forest Enets
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
French
répondre
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_a
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: a |
| Locus: Y |
| Paul |
a |
répondu |
au |
professeur |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
have.
prs
.3
sg
|
answer.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
to.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
teacher(
m
)
|
| ‘Paul answered the teacher.’ |
Georgian
Ø-u-p'asux-eb-s (FUT)
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| p'et're-m |
masc'avlebel-s |
Ø-u-p'asux-a |
|
pn
-
erg
|
teacher-
dat
|
io
3-
ver
:
o
-answer-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Petre answered the teacher.’ |
German
antworten
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Karl |
antworte-te |
dem |
Lehrer |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
answer-
pst
.3
sg
|
def
.
m
.
dat
.
sg
|
teacher[
dat
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Karl answered the teacher.’ |
Irish
freagair
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| D’=fhreagair |
Pól |
an |
múinteoir. |
|
pst
=answer
|
pn
|
def
|
teacher
|
| ‘Pól answered the teacher.’ |
Italian
rispondere
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_a
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: a |
| Locus: Y |
| Leo |
ha |
risposto |
all’ |
insegnant-e |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
answer.
pst
.
ptcp
|
to.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
teacher-
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Leo answered the teacher.’ |
Kalderash Romani
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| o |
Murš-a |
phen-ď-a |
la |
ućiteľnic-akə |
|
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
say-
pst
-3
sg
|
art
.
f
.
obl
.
sg
|
teacher(female)-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Murša answered the (female) teacher.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Kazakh
žawap ber
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
muwɣalіm-ge |
žawap |
ber-dі |
|
pn
|
teacher-
dat
|
answer
|
give-
pst
1.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya answered the teacher.’ |
Kazym Khanty
jǒχi lǒpti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| pet’a-j-en |
uśit’el’-a |
jǒχi |
lǒp-ǝs |
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
teacher-
dat
|
home
|
say-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
| ‘Petja answered the teacher.’ |
Khwarshi
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| di-lo |
uža |
učitele-l |
žawab |
tiƛ-na |
|
1
sg
.
o
-
gen
2
|
сын\
erg
|
учитель-
dat
|
ответ(
iii
)
|
давать-
pst
.
u
|
| ‘Мой сын ответил учителю.’ |
Kina Rutul
ǯiwab hɨwɨr
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul-a |
ǯiwab |
hɨ<w>ɨ-r |
maʔalim-a-s |
|
pn
-
erg
|
answer(
nom
)
|
<3>give.
pfv
-
cvb
|
teacher-
obl
-
dat
|
| ‘Rasul answered the teacher.’ |
Latin
respondeo
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| his |
Caesar |
ita |
respond-it |
|
this.
dat
.
pl
|
pn
(
m
)
nom
.
sg
|
so
|
reply[
prf
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
| ‘To these Caesar replied the following’ |
| Note: (Caes. Gall. I, 14, 1) |
Mandarin Chinese
huídá
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Zhāngsān |
huídá |
le |
lǎoshī-de |
wèntí |
|
pn
|
answer
|
pfv
|
teacher-
de
|
question
|
| ‘Zhangsan answered the teacher′s question. ’ |
| Note: Classified as TR because using a simple noun "lǎoshī" as the DO is also acceptable. |
Mingrelian
Ø-u-p'asux-en-s (FUT)
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| čelo-k |
ušt'el-s |
Ø-u-p'asux-(u). |
|
pn
-
erg
|
teacher-
dat
|
io
3-
ver
:
o
-answer-(
s
3
sg
.
pst
)
|
| ‘Chelo answered the teacher.’ |
| Note: This verb is a recent borrowing from Georgian. |
Modern Hebrew
ana
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_le
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: le |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas |
ana |
le |
more |
|
pn
|
respond[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
to
|
teacher
|
| ‘Pinchas answered the teacher.’ |
Nanai
taodago-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DIR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DIR |
| Locus: Y |
| Pətjə |
alo-si-mǯi-či |
taoda-go-xa-ni |
|
pn
|
teach-
ipfv
-
ag
-
dir
|
answer-
rep
-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia answered the teacher.’ |
Nivkh
itt
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_DAT/ADD
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DAT/ADD |
| Locus: Y |
| Kaskazik |
raw-r̥aŋɢ-rоχ |
it-t |
|
pn
|
teach-woman-
dat
/
add
|
tell-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskazik answered the teacher.’ |
Northern Mansi
akwjuwl’e lawǝs
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| n’āwram |
ēkwa-n |
akwjuwl’e |
law-ǝs |
|
child
|
woman-
lat
|
back
|
say-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
| ‘The child answered the woman’ |
Northern Yukaghir
īmǝrǝj=
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Sǝmiǝn |
urа-ri-dˈа̄-jǝ-ŋinˈ |
mǝr |
īmǝrǝ-j-lˈǝl-u-m |
|
pn
|
study-
caus
-
mult
-
nlzr
-
dat
|
aff
|
answer-
pf
-
evid
-0-
tr
.3
sg
|
| ‘Semien answered the teacher.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å svare
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
svar-te |
lærer-en |
|
pn
|
answer-
pst
|
teacher-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
| ‘Per answered the teacher.’ |
Polish
odpowiedzieć
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Marek |
odpowiedzia-ł |
nauczyciel-owi |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
answer:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
teacher-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Marek answered the teacher.’ |
Russian
otvetitʹ
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
otveti-l |
učitel-ju |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
answer(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
teacher(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja answered the teacher.’ |
Serbian
odgovoriti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar |
je |
odgovori-o |
učitelj-u |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
answer-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
teacher-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar answered the teacher.’ |
Shughni
ǰawob δêdow1
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Azim=i |
molim-ard |
ǰawob |
δod |
|
pn
=3
sg
|
teacher-
lat
|
answer
|
give.
pst
|
| ‘Azim answered the teacher.’ |
Skolt Saami
vaʹstteed
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILL |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt |
vaʹstti-i |
uʹčteel-a |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
answer-
pst
.3
sg
|
teacher-
sg
.
ill
|
| ‘Pete answered the teacher.’ |
Slovak
odpovedať
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
odpoveda-l |
učiteľ-ovi |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
answer(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
teacher(
m
)-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter answered the teacher.’ |
Slovenian
odgovoriti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
je |
odgovori-l |
učitelj-u |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
answer:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
teacher-
dat
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter answered the teacher.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
wiɫam danewe
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Hîwa |
wiɫam-î |
mamosta-ke=î |
da-Ø-we |
|
pn
|
answer-
izf
|
teacher-
def
=3
sg
.
pc
|
give.
pst
-3
sg
-
asp
|
| ‘Hiwa answered the teacher.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Spanish
contestar
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: NDIR.OBJ |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
contest-ó |
a=l |
profesor |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
answer-
aor
.3
sg
|
ndir
.
obj
=
art
.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
teacher[
sg
.
m
]
|
| ‘Pedro answered the teacher.’ |
Swedish
att svara
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
svara-de |
lärare-n |
|
pn
|
answer-
pst
|
teacher-
def
.
c
.
sg
|
| ‘Björn answered the teacher.’ |
Tagalog
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ACT |
| Y: UND |
| Locus: TR |
| S<in>agot |
ni |
Pedro |
ang |
guro |
|
<
pv
>
pfv
.answer
|
pers
.
gen
|
pn
|
subj
|
teacher
|
| ‘Pedro answered the teacher’ |
Telugu
javābu ivvu
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| pravīṇ |
tana |
gurugāri-ki |
javābu |
iccāḍu |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
own
|
teacher.
hon
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
-
dat
|
reply(
n
).
sg
.
nom
|
give.
pst
.3
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Praveen answered the teacher.’ |
Turkish
cevap vermek
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet |
öğretmen-e |
cevap |
ver-di |
|
pn
|
teacher-
dat
|
answer
|
give-
pst
|
| ‘Mehmet answered the teacher.’ |
Ulcha
ǯarali-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| əldəŋgə, |
əldəŋgə, |
xawli |
ńī-ti |
ǯaral-i |
ta-m |
o-či-ni |
|
interesting
|
interesting
|
anyway
|
human-
lat
|
answer-
prs
|
do-
cvb
.
sim
.
sg
|
become-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘Interesting, interesting, [he] even learned how to speak (lit. became the one who answers the man).’ |
| Note: This example is taken from natural texts. |
Uzbek
žavob bermoq
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
o’qituvči-ga |
žavob |
ber-di |
|
pn
|
teacher-
dat
|
answer
|
give-
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja answered the teacher.’ |
West Central Oromo
deebii kenna
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| obsaa-n |
bar-siis-ittʃaa-f |
deebii |
kenn-e |
|
pn
-
nom
|
learn-
caus
-
def
-
dat
|
answer.
abs
|
give-3
sg
.
m
.
pfv
|
| ‘Obsa answered the teacher.’ |
Zilo Andi
dʒawab itʃː.i
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| ali-di |
utʃitelʃːu-j |
dʒawab |
itʃː.i |
|
pn
-
erg
|
teacher.
obl
-
dat
|
answer[
inan
1][
nom
]
|
give.
pst
(
aor
)
|
| ‘Ali answered the teacher.’ |
