BivalTyp

Uzbek

Contributed by Anastasia Zhuk.

A.Zh.'s photo

The data were gathered in 2022 in Borovoye, Kazakhstan. The Russian version of the questionnaire was used for elicitation.

How to cite

Zhuk, Anastasia. 2022. Bivalent patterns in Uzbek. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. (Data first published on April 1, 2023; last revised on July 15, 2023.) (Available online at https://www.bivaltyp.info, Accessed on )

Basic info

Grammar notes

Basic clause structure and the transitive construction

In Uzbek, the default linear pattern is SOV. In the transitive construction, nominal subjects are used in the unmarked form and direct objects are used either in the unmarked form (1) or in the accusative case (2) depending on their animacy and referentiality (Differential Object Marking).

(1)  Petya  toš    ot-ti
     Petya  stone  throw-PST.3SSG
     ‘Petya threw a stone.’

(2)  Petya  itt-i-n           qo’rqi-yab-ti
     Petya  dog-POSS.3SG-ACC  be_afraid-PRS1-3SG
     ‘Petya is afraid of the dog.’

The predicate agrees with the subject in person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and number (singular, plural). Non-core arguments are flagged by oblique cases or by postpositions. The verbal tenses in the examples include the first present (marked with -yab), the second present (marked with -a, -y), the third present (marked with -moqda), the fourth present (marked with -ib), the past (-di) or the perfect (-gan).

Case system

The case system includes six cases for nouns, viz. the unmarked nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, and ablative, as exemplified for the noun bala ‘child’ in Table 1.

Table 1. Case paradigm

Nominative bala child.NOM
Genitive bala-niŋ child-GEN
Dative bala-ga child-DAT
Accusative bala-ni child-ACC
Locative bala-da child-LOC
Ablative bala-dan child-ABL

Glossing abbreviations

ABL — ablative; ACC — accusative; ADJ — adjectivizer; CARITIVE — ; CAUS — causative; CVB — converb; DAT — dative; FUT — future; GEN — genitive; IMP — imperative; LOC — locative; NEG — negative; PASS — passive; PL — plural; PN — person name; POSS — possessive; PRS — present; PST — past; RECP — reciprocal; SG — singular.

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern
Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain oɣrimoq

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-niŋ boš-i oɣri-b tur-ib-ti
pn - gen head- poss .3 sg ache- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja has a headache.’
Note: The experiencer NP has some properties of a clause-level constituent.

2. have (illness) oɣrimoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan
X: NOM
Y: bilan
Locus: Y
Petya gripp bilan oɣri-b tur-ib-ti
pn flu with ache- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja has the flu.’

3. be afraid qo’rqimoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya itt-i-n qo’rqi-yab-ti
pn dog- poss .3 sg - acc be_afraid- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja is afraid of the dog.’

4. throw otmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya toš ot-ti
pn stone throw- pst .3 sg
‘Petja threw a stone.’

5. have enough etarli emoq

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-niŋ pul-i etar-li
pn - gen money- poss .3 sg be_enough- adj
‘Petja has enough money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate, emoq is 'to be'. The possessor NP has some properties of a clause-level constituent.

6. resemble o’xšamoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Miša-ga o’xša-y-di
pn pn - dat resemble- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja resembles Miša.’

7. believe išonmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-ga išon-a-di
pn pn - dat believe- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja believes Maša.’

8. take olmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya kitob-ni ol-di
pn book- acc take- pst .3 sg
‘Petja took a book.’

9. see ko’rmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya uy-ni ko’r-ib tur-ib-ti
pn house- acc see- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja sees a house.’

10. influence ta’sir qilmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
odam-niŋ yoš-i xotira-si-ga ta’sir qil-a-di
man- gen age- poss .3 sg memory- poss .3 sg - dat affect do- prs 2-3 sg
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter ko’rib qolmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni ko’r-ib qol-di
pn pn - acc see- cvb leave- pst .3 sg
‘Petja encountered Maša.’

12. enter kirmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya uy-ga kir-yab-ti
pn house- dat enter- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja entered the house.’

13. win eŋmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni eŋ-di
pn pn - acc win- pst .3 sg
‘Petja beat Maša.’

14. go out čiqmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petya uy-dan čiq-ti
pn house- abl go_out- pst .3 sg
‘Petja went out of the house.’

15. drive xaydamoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya sigir-ni xayda-y-di
pn cow- acc drive- prs -3 sg
‘Petja is driving the cow.’

16. bend egmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya filoli eg-di
pn stick bend- pst .3 sg
‘Petja bent the branch.’

17. tell demoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-ga: “mehmon-ga kel” de-di
pn pn - dat visit- dat come. imp say- pst .3 sg
‘Petja told Maša: come to my place.’

18. hold ušlamoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya kitob-ni ušla-b tur-ib-ti
pn book- acc hold- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is holding a book.’

19. catch up etvolmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-ga etvol-di
pn pn - dat chase- pst .3 sg
‘Petja caught up with Maša.’

20. milk soɣmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya sigir-ni soɣ-di
pn cow- acc milk- pst .3 sg
‘Petja milked the cow.’

21. reach etmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya sohil-ga et-ti
pn coast- dat reach- pst .3 sg
‘Petja reached the bank.’

22. touch ušlab olmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya devor-ni ušla-b ol-di
pn wall- acc touch- cvb take- pst .3 sg
‘Petja touched the wall.’

23. fight urašmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan
X: NOM
Y: bilan
Locus: Y
Petya Miša bilan ura-š-ti
pn pn with fight- recp - pst .3 sg
‘Petja is fighting with Miša.’

24. be friends do’st emoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan
X: NOM
Y: bilan
Locus: Y
Petya Maša bilan do’st
pn pn with friend
‘Petja is friends with Maša.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate, emoq is 'to be'.

25. think o’ylamoq

Valency pattern: NOM_haqida
X: NOM
Y: haqida
Locus: Y
Petya Miša haqida o’yla-b tur-ib-ti
pn pn about think- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is thinking about Miša.’

26. eat ep qoymoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya olma-ni e-p qoy-di
pn apple- acc eat- cvb put- pst .3 sg
‘Petja ate an apple.’

27. fry qovurmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya baliq qovur-di
pn fish fry- pst .3 sg
‘Petja fried the fish.’

28. wait kutmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni kut-ib tur-ib-ti
pn pn - acc wait- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is waiting for Maša.’

29. forget esdan čiqarvolmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya bošqa yo’l-ni es-dan čiqarvol-di
pn another road- acc memory- abl go_out- pst .3 sg
‘Petja forgot about the other road.’

30. depend boɣlanišmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
xotira yoši-ga boɣlan-iš-ti
age memory- dat connect- recp - pst .3 sg
‘Memory depends on age.’

31. call čaqirmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni čaqir-di
pn pn - acc go_out- pst .3 sg
‘Petja called Maša.’

32. get to know tanišmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan
X: NOM
Y: bilan
Locus: Y
Petya Maša bilan bir yil burun tan-iš-ti
pn pn with one year ago meet- recp - pst .3 sg
‘Petja got to know Maša a year ago.’

33. know bilmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni bil-a-di
pn pn - acc know- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja knows Maša.’

34. play (instrument) yo’namoq

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
Petya gitara-da o’yna-yab-ti
pn guitar- loc play- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid qočmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petya Miša-dan qoč-ip yur-ib-ti
pn pn - abl avoid- cvb walk- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja avoids Maša.’

36. make tayorlamoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya bomba tayorla-di
pn bomb make- pst .3 sg
‘Petja made a bomb.’

37. make fun kulmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ACCustidan
X: NOM
Y: ACCustidan
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-ni ustidan kul-yab-ti
pn pn - acc over laugh- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja is making fun of Maša.’

38. have bor

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-niŋ mašina-si bor
pn - gen car- poss .3 sg is_present
‘Petja has a car.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. The possessor NP has some properties of a clause-level constituent.

39. look for qidirmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya kalit qidir-yab-ti
pn key search- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja is looking for his keys.’

40. paint bo’yamoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya panžara-ni bo’ya-p tur-ib-ti
pn fence- acc paint- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja painted the fence.’

41. bite tišlab olmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
it Petya-ni tišla-b ol-di
dog pn - acc bite- cvb take- pst .3 sg
‘A dog bit Petja.’

42. forfeit qolmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_CAR
X: NOM
Y: CAR
Locus: Y
Petya uy-siz qol-di
pn house- car remain- pst .3 sg
‘Petja lost hist house.’

43. try to catch ušlab olmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya mušuk-ni ušla-b ol-moqči
pn cat- acc catch- cvb take- fut .3 sg
‘Petja is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break sindirib qo’ymoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya tayoq-ni sin-dir-ib qo’y-di
pn stick- acc break- caus - cvb put- pst .3 sg
‘Petja broke a stick.’

45. flatter xušomadgo’ylamoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni xušomadgo’yla-b tur-ib-ti
pn pn - acc flatter- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is flattering Maša.’

46. love (person) sevmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni sev-a-di
pn pn - acc love- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja loves Maša.’

47. wave silkitmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan
X: NOM
Y: bilan
Locus: Y
Petya romali bilan silkit-ib tur-ip-ti
pn handkerchief with wave- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is waving a handkerchief.’

48. dream orzu qilmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya mašina-ni orzu qil-a-di
pn car- acc dream do- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja is dreaming of a car.’

49. wash yuvib qoymoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya piola-ni yuv-ib qoy-di
pn cup- acc wash- cvb put- pst .3 sg
‘Petja washed the cup.’

50. put on qiymoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya šim qiy-di
pn pants put_on- pst .3 sg
‘Petja put on his trousers.’

51. be called atalmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_deb
X: NOM
Y: deb
Locus: Y
bu narsa kompas de-b ata-l-a-di
this thing compass say- cvb be_called- pass - prs 2-3 sg
‘This object is called a compass.’

52. punish žazolamoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya o’ɣl-i-ni žazola-di
pn son- poss .3 sg - acc punish- pst .3 sg
‘Petja punished his son.’

53. attack hužum qilmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
ayiq baliqči-ga hužum qil-di
bear fisherman- dat attack do- pst .3 sg
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) to’lmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
čelak suv-ga to’l-di
bucket water- dat fill- pst .3 sg
‘The bucket filled with water.’

55. find topib olmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya kalit top-ib ol-di
pn key find- cvb take- pst .3 sg
‘Petja found his keys.’

56. be short etmamoq

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-ga bir dollar et-ma-y tur-ib-ti
pn - dat one dollar lack- neg - cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is one dollar short.’

57. hate nafrat qilmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-dan nafrat qil-a-di
pn pn - abl hatred do- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja hates Maša.’

58. like yoqmoq

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-ga bu ko’ylak yoq-ib tur-ib-ti
pn - dat this dress like- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja likes this dress.’

59. need kerak emoq

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-ga pul kerak
pn - dat money need
‘Petja needs money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate, emoq is 'to be'.

60. surround o’rab olmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
devor-lar šahar-ni o’ra-b ol-di
wall- pl city- acc surround- cvb take- pst .3 sg
‘Walls surround the city.’

61. remain qolmoq

Valency pattern: LOC_NOM
X: LOC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-da on dollar qol-di
pn - loc ten dollar remain- pst .3 sg
‘Petja has ten dollars left.’

62. answer žavob bermoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya o’qituvči-ga žavob ber-di
pn teacher- dat answer give- pst .3 sg
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

63. open očmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya banka-ni oč-ti
pn jar- acc open- pst .3 sg
‘Petja opened a can.’

64. be different bošqača emoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
meniŋ ko’ylag-im seniki-dan bošqača
my dress- poss .1 sg your- abl different
‘My shirt is different from yours.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate, emoq is 'to be'.

65. fall behind orkada kolib ketmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-dan orkada kol-ib ket-ti
pn pn - abl behind remain- cvb go_away- pst .3 sg
‘Petja fell behind Maša.’

66. plough xaydamoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya dala-ni xayda-y-di
pn field- acc plough- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja is ploughing the field.’

67. smell hidi kelmoq

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
meniŋ kol-lar-im-dan benzin-niŋ hid-i kel-yab-ti
my hand- pl - poss .1 sg - abl gasoline- gen smell- poss .3 sg come- prs 1-3 sg
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

68. cross o’tmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petya yo’l-dan o’t-ti
pn road- abl cross- pst .3 sg
‘Petja crossed the road.’

69. sing aytmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya čiroyli qo’šiq ayt-ti
pn nice song say- pst .3 sg
‘Petja sang a beautiful song.’

70. write yozmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya xat yoz-di
pn letter write- pst .3 sg
‘Petja wrote a letter.’

71. drink ičmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya sut ič-ti
pn milk drink- pst .3 sg
‘Petja drank the milk.’

72. melt eritmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya qo’rɣošin-ni erit-ti
pn lead- acc melt- pst .3 sg
‘Petja melted some lead.’

73. match yarašmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
bu kamar meniŋ ko’ylag-im-ga yaraš-ti
this belt my dress- poss .1 sg - dat suit- pst .3 sg
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’

74. leave tašlab ketmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya ona šaxar-i-ni tašla-b ket-ti
pn home city- poss .3 sg - acc leave- cvb go_away- pst .3 sg
‘Petja left his native city.’

75. cover qoplamoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
gilam barča qavat-i-ni qopla-yab-ti
carpet all floor- poss .3 sg - acc cover- prs 1-3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember eslab qolmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya uy-ni yaxši esla-b qol-di
pn house- acc good remember- cvb leave- pst .3 sg
‘Petja remembers the house well.’

77. help yordam bermoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-ga yordam ber-di
pn pn - dat help give- pst .3 sg
‘Petja helped Maša.’

78. understand (language) tušunmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya francuz tili-ni tušun-a-di
pn f rench language- acc understand- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja understands French.’

79. hit (target) tušmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
čaqmoq uy-ga tuš-ti
lightning house- dat get_down- pst .3 sg
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself kesvolmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan
X: NOM
Y: bilan
Locus: Y
Petya ustara bilan kesvol-di
pn razor with cut- pst .3 sg
‘Petja cut himself with a razor.’

81. get stuck yopiš qolmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
piola stol-ga yopiš-ib qol-di
cup table- dat stick- cvb leave- pst .3 sg
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game) yutqazmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-ga yutqaz-di
pn pn - dat lose- pst .3 sg
‘Petja lost to Maša.’

83. be glad quvonmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya xat-ka quvon-di
pn letter- dat be_happy- pst .3 sg
‘Petja was glad about the letter.’

84. speak gaplašmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan
X: NOM
Y: bilan
Locus: Y
Petya Maša bilan gaplaš-ib o’tir-ib-ti
pn pn with talk- cvb sit- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is speaking with Maša.’

85. give birth tuɣmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Maša o’ɣil tuɣ-di
pn son give_birth- pst .3 sg
‘Maša gave birth to a son.’

86. drop tuširib olmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya piola-ni tušir-ib ol-di
pn cup- acc drop- cvb take- pst .3 sg
‘Petja dropped the glass.’

87. govern bošqarmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan
X: NOM
Y: bilan
Locus: Y
Petya bizarniŋ qišlok bilan bošqar-a-di
pn our village with run- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja runs our town.’

88. miss soɣinmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni soɣin-di
pn pn - acc miss- pst .3 sg
‘Petja misses Maša.’

89. follow ergašmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-ga ergaš-moqda
pn pn - dat follow- prs 3.3 sg
‘Petja follows Maša.’

90. dismount tušmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petya ot-tan tuš-ti
pn horse- abl get_down- pst .3 sg
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

91. listen tiŋlamoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya radio tiŋla-b otir-ib-ti
pn radio listen- cvb sit- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is listening to radio.’

92. obey tiŋlamoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya ona-si-ni tiŋla-y-di
pn mother- poss .3 sg - acc listen- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja listens to his mother.’

93. hear eštimoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya muzika-ni ešit-ib tur-ib-ti
pn music- acc listen- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja hears the music.’

94. mix aralašib ketmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan
X: NOM
Y: bilan
Locus: Y
asal sut bilan aralaš-ib ket-ti
honey milk with mix- cvb go_away- pst .3 sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look ko’ramoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya bulut-lar-ga ko’ra-b tur-ib-ti
pn cloud- pl - dat look- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off ečmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya ko’ylag-i-ni eč-ti
pn dress- poss .3 sg - acc take_off- pst .3 sg
‘Petja took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) tušiga kirmoq

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-niŋ tuš-i-ga Maša kir-di
pn - gen dream- poss .3 sg - dat pn enter- pst .3 sg
‘Petja dreams about Maša.’
Note: The experiencer NP has some properties of a clause-level constituent.

98. agree kelišmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan
X: NOM
Y: bilan
Locus: Y
Petya Maša bilan kel-iš-ti
pn pn with come- recp - pst .3 sg
‘Petja agreed with Maša.’

99. have a quarrel urišib qolmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan
X: NOM
Y: bilan
Locus: Y
Petya Maša bilan uriš-ib qol-di
pn pn with argue- cvb leave- pst .3 sg
‘Petja had a quarrel with Maša.’

100. cost turmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
bu čaška bir dollar tur-a-di
this cup one dollar stand- prs 2-3 sg
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’

101. shoot at otmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya quš-ni ot-ti
pn bird- acc shoot- pst .3 sg
‘Petja shot at the bird.’

102. pour qo’ymoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya šakar-ni qo’y-di
pn sugar- acc put- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petja poured the sugar.’

103. lose yo’qotib olmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya kalt-ni yo’qot-ib ol-di
pn key- acc lose- cvb take- pst .3 sg
‘Petja lost his keys.’

104. sink čo’qib ketmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
tayoq daryo-da čo’q-ib ket-ti
stick river- loc sink- cvb go_away- pst .3 sg
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill o’ldirib qoymoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni o’l-dir-ib qoy-di
pn pn - acc die- caus - cvb put- pst .3 sg
‘Petja killed Maša.’

106. hit urvolmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni urvol-di
pn pn - acc hit- pst .3 sg
‘Petja hit Maša.’

107. kiss o’pmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni o’p-ti
pn pn - acc kiss- pst .3 sg
‘Petja kissed Maša.’

108. read o’qimoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya qiziq kitob o’qi-di
pn interesting book read- pst .3 sg
‘Petja read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) qo’zɣatmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya barmog-i-ni qo’zɣat-ti
pn finger- poss .3 sg - acc move- pst .3 sg
‘Petja moved his finger.’

110. respect hurmat qilmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni hurmat qil-a-di
pn pn - acc respect do- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja respects Maša.’

111. be squeamish žirkanč qilmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya kir dasturxon-ga žirkanč qil-yab-ti
pn dirty dish- dat disgusted leave- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content mamnun emoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya o’z-i-niŋ o’ɣl-i-ga mamnun
pn own- poss .3 sg - gen son- poss .3 sg - dat glad
‘Petja is satisfied with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate, emoq is 'to be'.

113. fall in love sevib qolmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni sev-ib qol-di
pn pn - acc love- cvb leave- pst .3 sg
‘Petja fell in love with Maša.’

114. trust išonmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-ga išon-a-di
pn pn - dat believe- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja trusts Maša.’

115. sympathise iči ačinmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya o’z-i-niŋ ona-si-ga iči ačin-a-di
pn own- poss .3 sg - gen mother- poss .3 sg - dat inside sympathize- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’

116. envy hasad qilmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Miša-ga hasad qil-a-di
pn pn - dat envy do- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja envies Miša.’

117. be angry žahli čiqmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Miša-ga žahli čiq-ti
pn pn - dat angry exit- pst .3 sg
‘Petja is angry with Miša.’

118. be surprised hayron bo’lmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya bu sovɣa-ga hayron bo’l-di
pn this present- dat surprised be- pst .3 sg
‘Petja was surprised at this gift.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

119. love (tea) yaxši qormoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya čoy yaxši qor-a-di
pn tea well see- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja loves tea.’

120. enjoy rohatlanmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya issiq čoy-ga rohatlan-ib tur-ib-ti
pn hot tea- dat enjoy- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja enjoys hot tea.’

121. want xohlamoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya yaŋi telefon xohla-yab-ti
pn new telephone want- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge ɣazablanmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-ga ɣazablan-moqda
pn pn - dat be_angry- prs 3.3 sg
‘Petja holds a grudge against Maša.’

123. take offence hafa bo’lmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Maša-ga xafa bo’l-di
pn pn - dat sad be- pst .3 sg
‘Petja took offence at Maša.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

124. upset qayɣittirmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni qayɣit-tir-di
pn pn - acc upset- caus - pst .3 sg
‘Petja greatly upset Maša.’

125. marvel hayrat qolmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya bu šahar-ga hayrat-da qol-di
pn this city- dat surprise- loc stay- pst .3 sg
‘Petja was impressed by this city.’

126. despise mensimamoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni mensi-ma-y tur-ib-ti
pn pn - acc give_attention- neg - cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja despises Maša.’

127. get upset xafa bo’lmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_deb
X: NOM
Y: deb
Locus: Y
Petya o’ɣl-i de-b xafa bo’l-di
pn son- poss .3 sg say- cvb sad be- pst .3 sg
‘Petja got upset with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

128. get irritated badžahl bo’lmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya o’z-i-niŋ qiz-ga badžahl bo’l-ib tur-ib-ti
pn own- poss .3 sg - gen daughter- dat irritated be- cvb stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is getting irritated with his daughter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

129. be fond yoqmoq

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-ga Maša yoq-a-di
pn - dat pn like- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja is fond of Maša.’

130. be shy uaylmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petya o’z-i-niŋ bo’y-i-dan uayl-a-di
pn own- poss .3 sg - gen height- poss .3 sg - abl be_ashamed- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja is embarrased about his height.’