BivalTyp

Ukrainian

Contributed by Natalia Zaika (Academia.edu profile)

N.Z.'s photo

The data were gathered in 2014 using the Russian version of the questionnaire.

How to cite

Zaika, Natalia. 2025. Bivalent patterns in Ukrainian. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. (Data first published on January 8, 2025; last revised on February 1, 2025.) (Available online at https://bivaltyp.info, Accessed on )

Basic info

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern
Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain bolity

Valency pattern: uGEN_NOM
X: uGEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
u Petr-a bol-yt’ holov-a
at pn ( m )- gen . sg ache( ipfv )- prs .3 sg head( f )- nom . sg
‘Petro has a headache.’

2. have (illness) xvority

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o xvorij-e na hryp
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_ill( ipfv )- prs .3 sg on flu( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro has the flu.’

3. be afraid bojatysja

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o boj-it’-sja sobak-y
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_afraid( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl dog( f )- gen . sg
‘Petro is afraid of the dog.’

4. throw kynuty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o kynu-v kamin’
pn ( m )- nom . sg throw( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] stone( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro threw a stone.’

5. have enough vystačaty

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Petr-u vystačaj-e hroš-ej
pn ( m )- dat . sg suffice( ipfv )- prs .3 sg money- gen . pl
‘Petro has enough money.’

6. resemble sxožyj + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o sxož-yj na Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg similar- nom . m . sg on pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro resembles Mariya.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

7. believe dovirjaty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o dovirjaj-e Marij-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg believe( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro believes Mariya.’

8. take vzjaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vzja-v knyh-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg take( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] book( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro took a book.’

9. see bačyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o bač-yt’ budynok
pn ( m )- nom . sg see( ipfv )- prs .3 sg house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro sees a house.’

10. influence vplyvaty

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
vik vplyvaj-e na pamjat’
age( m )[ nom . sg ] influence( ipfv )- prs .3 sg on memory( f )[ acc . sg ]
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter zustritysja

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o zustri-v-sja z Marij-eju
pn ( m )- nom . sg meet( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl with pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro encountered Mariya.’

12. enter zajty

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o zajšo-v do xat-y
pn ( m )- nom . sg enter( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] to house( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro entered the house.’

13. win vyhraty

Valency pattern: NOM_uGEN
X: NOM
Y: uGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o vyhra-v u Marij-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg win( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] at pn ( f )- gen . sg
‘Petro beat Mariya.’

14. go out vyjty

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o vyjšo-v z dom-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg go_out( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] from2 house( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro went out of the house.’

15. drive hnaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o žen-e korov-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg drive( ipfv )- prs .3 sg cow( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is driving the cow to the pasture.’

16. bend zihnuty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zihnu-v hilk-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg bend( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] branch( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro bent the branch.’

17. tell skazaty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o skaza-v Marij-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg tell( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro told Mariya: …’

18. hold trymaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o trymaj-e knyh-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg hold( ipfv )- prs .3 sg book( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is holding a book.’

19. catch up nazdohnaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o nazdohna-v Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg catch_up( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro caught up with Mariya.’

20. milk podojity

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o podoji-v korov-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg milk( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] cow( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro milked the cow.’

21. reach distatysja

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o dista-v-sja bereh-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg reach( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl bank( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro reached the bank.’

22. touch dotorknutysja

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o dotorknu-v-sja do stin-y
pn ( m )- nom . sg touch( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl to wall( f )- gen . sg
‘Petro touched the wall.’

23. fight bytysja

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o bj-et’-sja z Marij-eju
pn ( m )- nom . sg fight( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl with pn ( m )- ins . sg
‘Petro is fighting with Mariya.’

24. be friends tovaryšuvaty

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o tovaryšuj-e z Marij-eju
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_friends( ipfv )- prs .3 sg with pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro is friends with Mariya.’

25. think dumaty

Valency pattern: NOM_proACC
X: NOM
Y: proACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o dumaj-e pro Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg think( ipfv )- prs .3 sg about pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is thinking about Mariya.’

26. eat zjisty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zji-v jabluk-o
pn ( m )- nom . sg eat( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] apple( n )- acc . sg
‘Petro ate an apple.’

27. fry zasmažyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zasmažy-v c’-oho karasj-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg fry( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] this- m . acc . sg crucian_carp( m )- acc . sg
‘Petro fried the fish.’

28. wait čekaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o čekaj-e Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg wait( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is waiting for Mariya.’

29. forget zabutysja

Valency pattern: NOM_proACC
X: NOM
Y: proACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o zabu-v-sja pro inš-u doroh-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg forget( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl about other- f . acc . sg road( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro forgot about the other road.’

30. depend zaležaty

Valency pattern: NOM_vidGEN
X: NOM
Y: vidGEN
Locus: Y
Pamjat’ zalež-yt’ vid vik-u
memory( f )[ nom . sg ] depend( ipfv )- prs .3 sg from age( m )- gen . sg
‘Memory depends on age.’

31. call poklykaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o poklykav Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg call( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro called Mariya.’

32. get to know poznajomytysja

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o poznajomy-v-sja z Marij-eju rik tomu
pn ( m )- nom . sg get_to_know( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl with pn ( f )- ins . sg year( m )[ acc . sg ] that. dat . sg
‘Petro got to know Mariya a year ago.’

33. know znaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o znaje Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg know( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro knows Mariya.’

34. play (instrument) hraty

Valency pattern: NOM_naLOC
X: NOM
Y: naLOC
Locus: Y
Petr-o hraj-e na hitar-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg play( ipfv )- prs .3 sg on guitar( f )- loc . sg
‘Petro is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid unykaty

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o unykaj-e Marij-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg avoid( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- gen . sg
‘Petro avoids Mariya.’

36. make vyhotovyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vyhotovy-v vybuxivk-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg make( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] explosive( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro made an explosive.’

37. make fun znuščatysja

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o znuščaj-et’-sja z Marij-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg make_fun( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl above pn ( f )- gen . sg
‘Petro is making fun of Mariya.’

38. have buty

Valency pattern: uGEN_NOM
X: uGEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
u Petr-a je mašyn-a
at pn ( m )- gen . sg be. prs .3 car( f )- nom . sg
‘Petro has a car.’

39. look for šukaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o šukaj-e ključ-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg look_for( ipfv )- prs .3 sg key( m )- acc . pl
‘Petro is looking for his keys.’

40. paint zafarbuvaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zafarbuva-v zahorož-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg paint( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] fence( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro painted the fence.’

41. bite vkusyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
sobaka vkusy-l-a Petr-a
dog( f )- nom . sg bite( pfv )- pst - f . sg pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘A dog bit Petro.’

42. forfeit vtratyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vtraty-v dim
pn ( m )- nom . sg lose( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro lost hist house.’

43. try to catch lovyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o lov-yt’ kyc’k-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg try_to_catch( ipfv )- prs .3 sg cat( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break zlamaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zlama-v palycj-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg break( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] stick( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro broke a stick.’

45. flatter lestyty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o lest-yt’ Marij-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg flatter( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro is flattering Mariya.’

46. love (person) koxaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o koxaj-e Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg love( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro loves Mariya.’

47. wave maxaty

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o maxaj-e xustk-oju
pn ( m )- nom . sg wave( ipfv )- prs .3 sg kerchief( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro is waving a handkerchief.’

48. dream mrijaty

Valency pattern: NOM_proACC
X: NOM
Y: proACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o mrij-e pro mašyn-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg dream( ipfv )- prs .3 sg about car( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is dreaming of a new car.’

49. wash vymyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vymy-v čašk-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg wash( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] cup( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro washed the cup.’

50. put on odjahnuty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o odjahnu-v štan-y
pn ( m )- nom . sg put_on( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] trousers- acc . pl
‘Petro put on his trousers.’

51. be called nazyvatysja

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
cej predmet nazyvaj-et’-sja kompas
this. m . nom . sg object( m )[ nom . sg ] call( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl compass( m )[ nom . sg ]
‘This object is called a compass.’

52. punish pokaraty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o pokara-v svoho syn-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg punish( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] one’s. m . acc . sg son( m )- acc . sg
‘Petro punished his son.’

53. attack nakynutysja

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
vedmid’ nakynu-v-sja na rybak-a
bear( m )[ nom . sg ] throw( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl on fisherman( m )- acc . sg
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) napovnytysja

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
vidr-o napovny-l-o-sja vod-oju
bucket( n )- nom . sg fill( pfv )- pst - n . sg - refl water( f )- ins . sg
‘The bucket filled with water.’

55. find znajty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o znajšo-v ključ-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg find( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] key( m )- acc . pl
‘Petro found his keys.’

56. be short vystačaty + NEG

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Petr-u ne vystačaj-e odn-oho dolar-a
pn ( m )- dat . sg not suffice( ipfv )- prs .3 sg one- m . gen . sg dollar( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro is one dollar short.’

57. hate nenavydity

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o nenavyd-yt’ Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg hate( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro hates Mariya.’

58. like podobatysja

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petr-u podobaj-et’-sja cj-a soročk-a
pn ( m )- dat . sg please( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl this- f . nom . sg shirt( f )- nom . sg
‘Petro likes this shirt.’

59. need neobxidnyj + COP

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petr-u neobxidn-i hroš-i
pn ( m )- dat . sg necessary- nom . pl money- nom . pl
‘Petro needs money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

60. surround otočuvaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
mist-o otočuj-ut’ stin-y
city( n )- acc . sg surround( ipfv )- prs .3 pl wall( f )- nom . pl
‘Walls surround the city.’

61. remain zalyšytysja

Valency pattern: uGEN_NOM
X: uGEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
u Petr-a zalyšy-l-o-sja desjat’ dolar-iv
at pn ( m )- gen . sg remain( pfv )- pst - n . sg - refl ten[ nom ] dollar( m )- gen . pl
‘Petro has ten dollars left.’

62. answer vidpovisty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o vidpovi-v učytelj-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] teacher( m )- dat . sg
‘Petro answered the teacher.’

63. open vidkryty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vidkry-v bank-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg open( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] can( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro opened a can.’

64. be different vidriznjatysja

Valency pattern: NOM_vidGEN
X: NOM
Y: vidGEN
Locus: Y
moj-a soročk-a vidriznjaj-et’-sja vid tvoj-eji
my- f . nom . sg shirt( f )- nom . sg differentiate( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl from your- f . gen . sg
‘My shirt is different from yours.’

65. fall behind vidstaty

Valency pattern: NOM_vidGEN
X: NOM
Y: vidGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o vidsta-v vid Marij-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg fall_behind( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] from pn ( f )- gen . sg
‘Petro fell behind Mariya.’

66. plough oraty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o or-e pol-e
pn ( m )- nom . sg plough( ipfv )- prs .3 sg field( n )- acc . sg
‘Petro is ploughing the field.’

67. smell paxnuty

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
moj-i ruk-y paxn-ut’ benzyn-om
my- nom . pl hand( f )- nom . pl smell( pfv )- prs .3 pl gasoline( m )- ins . sg
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’

68. cross peretnuty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o peresik doroh-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg cross( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] road( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro crossed the road.’

69. sing zaspivaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zaspiva-v harn-u pisnj-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg sing( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] beautiful- f . acc . sg song( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro sang a beautiful song.’

70. write napysaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o napysa-v knyh-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg write( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] book( n )- acc . sg
‘Petro wrote a book.’

71. drink vypyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vypy-v cej stakan molok-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg drink( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] this. m . acc . sg glass( m )[ acc . sg ] milk( n )- gen . sg
‘Petro drank this glass of milk.’

72. melt rozplavyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o rozplavy-v šmatok svyncj-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg melt( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] piece( m )[ acc . sg ] lead( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro melted a piece of lead.’

73. match pidxodyty

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
cej pojas pidxod-yt’ do moho plattj-a
this. m . nom . sg belt( m )[ nom . sg ] match( ipfv )- prs .3 sg to my. n . gen . sg dress( n )- gen . sg
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’

74. leave pokynuty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o pokynu-v ridn-e mist-o
pn ( m )- nom . sg leave( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] native- n . acc . sg city( n )- acc . sg
‘Petro left his native city.’

75. cover pokryvaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
kylym pokryvaj-e vsj-u pidloh-u
carpet( m )[ nom . sg ] cover( ipfv )- prs .3 sg all- f . acc . sg floor( f )- acc . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember pamjataty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o harno pamjataj-e dim
pn ( m )- nom . sg well remember( ipfv )- prs .3 sg house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro remembers the house well.’

77. help dopomohty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o dopomih Marij-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg help( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro helped Mariya.’

78. understand (language) rozumity

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o rozumij-e francuz’k-u mov-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg understand( ipfv )- prs .3 sg f rench- f . acc . sg language( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro understands French.’

79. hit (target) potrapyty

Valency pattern: NOM_vACC
X: NOM
Y: vACC
Locus: Y
blyskavk-a potrapy-l-a u dim
lightning( f )- nom . sg hit( pfv )- pst - f . sg in house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself porizatysja

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o poriza-v-sja brytv-oju
pn ( m )- nom . sg cut( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl razor( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro cut himself with a razor.’

81. get stuck prylypnuty

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
stakan prylyp do stol-u
glass( m )[ nom . sg ] stick( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] to table( m )- gen . sg
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game) prohraty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o prohra-v Marij-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg lose( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro lost to Mariya.’

83. be glad zradity

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o zradi-v lyst-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg gladden( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] letter( m )- dat . sg
‘Petro was glad about the letter.’

84. speak rozmovljaty

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o rozmovljaj-e z Marij-eju
pn ( m )- nom . sg speak( ipfv )- prs .3 sg with pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro is speaking with Mariya.’

85. give birth narodyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Marij-a narody-l-a syn-a
pn ( f )- nom . sg give_birth( pfv )- pst - f . sg son( m )- acc . sg
‘Mariya gave birth to a son.’

86. drop vpustyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vpusty-v skljank-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg drop( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] glass( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro dropped the glass.’

87. govern keruvaty

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o keruj-e naš-ym selyšč-em
pn ( m )- nom . sg govern( ipfv )- prs .3 sg our- n . ins . sg village( n )- ins . sg
‘Petro runs our village.’

88. miss sumuvaty

Valency pattern: NOM_zaINS
X: NOM
Y: zaINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o sumuj-e za Marij-eju
pn ( m )- nom . sg miss( ipfv )- prs .3 sg after pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro misses Mariya.’

89. follow jty

Valency pattern: NOM_zaINS
X: NOM
Y: zaINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o jd-e za Marij-eju
pn ( m )- nom . sg go( ipfv )- prs .3 sg after pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro follows Mariya.’

90. dismount zlizty

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o zliz iz konj-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg dismount( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] from2 horse( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro got down from the horse.’

91. listen sluxaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o sluxaj-e radio
pn ( m )- nom . sg listen( ipfv )- prs .3 sg radio( n )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro is listening to radio.’

92. obey sluxaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o sluxaj-e mam-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg listen( ipfv )- prs .3 sg mum( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro listens to his mother.’

93. hear čuty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o čuj-e muzyk-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg hear( ipfv )- prs .3 sg music( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro hears the music.’

94. mix zmišatysja

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
med zmiša-v-sja z molok-om
honey( m )[ nom . sg ] mix( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl with milk( n )- ins . sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look dyvytysja

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o dyv-yt’-sja na xmar-y
pn ( m )- nom . sg look( ipfv )- prs .3 sg on cloud( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off znjaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o znja-v soročk-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg put_off( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] shirt( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) snytysja

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Marij-i sn-yt’-sja Petr-o
pn ( f )- dat . sg see_in_a_dream( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl pn ( m )- nom . sg
‘Mariya dreams about Petro.’

98. agree zhodytysja

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o zhody-v-sja z Marij-eju
pn ( m )- nom . sg agree( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl with pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro agreed with Mariya.’

99. have a quarrel posvarytysja

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o posvary-v-sja z Marij-eju
pn ( m )- nom . sg cause_to_quarrel( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl with pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro had a quarrel with Mariya.’

100. cost koštuvaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
cj-a čašk-a koštuj-e odyn dolar
this- f . nom . sg cup( f )- nom . sg cost( ipfv )- prs .3 sg one[ m . acc . sg ] dollar( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’

101. shoot at vystrilyty

Valency pattern: NOM_vACC
X: NOM
Y: vACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o vystrily-v u ptax-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg shoot( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] in bird( m )- acc . sg
‘Petro shot at the bird.’

102. pour nasypaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o nasypa-v cukor u čašk-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg pour( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] sugar( m )[ acc . sg ] in cup( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro poured the sugar into the cup.’

103. lose zahubyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zahuby-v ključ-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg lose( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] key( m )- acc . pl
‘Petro lost his keys.’

104. sink potonuty

Valency pattern: NOM_vLOC
X: NOM
Y: vLOC
Locus: Y
Polino potonu-l-o u vod-i
log( n )- nom . sg drown( pfv )- pst - n . sg in water( f )- loc . sg
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill vbyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vby-v Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg kill( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro killed Mariya.’

106. hit vdaryty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vdary-v Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg hit( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro hit Mariya.’

107. kiss pociluvaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o pociluva-v Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg kiss( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro kissed Mariya.’

108. read pročytaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o pročyta-v cikav-u knyh-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg read( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] interesting- f . acc . sg book( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) povorušyty

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o povorušy-v pal’c-em
pn ( m )- nom . sg stir( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] finger( m )- ins . sg
‘Petro moved his finger.’

110. respect považaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o považaj-e Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg respect( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro respects Mariya.’

111. be squeamish hyduvaty

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o hyduj-e brudn-ym posud-om
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_squeamish( ipfv )- prs .3 sg dirty- m . ins . sg dishes( m )- ins . sg
‘Petro is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content zadovolenyj + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o zadovolen-yj syn-om
pn ( m )- nom . sg content- nom . m . sg son( m )- ins . sg
‘Petro is satisfied with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive participle).

113. fall in love zakoxatysja

Valency pattern: NOM_vACC
X: NOM
Y: vACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o zakoxa-v-sja v Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg fall_in_love( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl in pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro fell in love with Mariya.’

114. trust dovirjaty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o dovirjaj-e Marij-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg trust( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro trusts Mariya.’

115. sympathise žality

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o žalij-e svoju matir
pn ( m )- nom . sg sympathise( ipfv )- prs .3 sg one’s. f . acc . sg mother( f )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro sympathises with his mother.’

116. envy zazdryty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o zazdr-yt’ Marij-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg envy( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro envies Mariya.’

117. be angry zlytysja

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o zl-yt’-sja na Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg make_angry( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl on pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is angry with Mariya.’

118. be surprised zdyvovanyj + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o zdyvovan-yj c-ym podarunk-om
pn ( m )- nom . sg surprise( pfv ). ptcp . pst . pass - m . nom . sg this- m . ins . sg gift( m )- ins . sg
‘Petro was surprised at this gift.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive participle).

119. love (tea) ljubyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o ljub-yt’ čaj
pn ( m )- nom . sg love( ipfv )- prs .3 sg tea( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro loves tea.’

120. enjoy nasolodžuvatysja

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o nasolodžuj-et’-sja harjač-ym čaj-em
pn ( m )- nom . sg enjoy( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl hot- m . ins . sg tea( m )- ins . sg
‘Petro enjoys hot tea.’

121. want xotity

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o xoč-e nov-yj mobil’n-yj
pn ( m )- nom . sg want( ipfv )- prs .3 sg new- m . acc . sg cellphone( m )- acc . sg
‘Petro wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge serdytysja

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o serd-yt’-sja na Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg vex( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl on pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro holds a grudge against Mariya.’

123. take offence obrazytysja

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o obrazy-v-sja na Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg offend( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl on pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro took offence at Mariya.’

124. upset zasmutyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o duže zasmuty-v Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg very upset( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro greatly upset Mariya.’

125. marvel vrazyty

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Petr-a vrazy-l-o ce mist-o
pn ( m )- acc . sg amaze( pfv )- pst - n . sg this. n . nom . sg city( n )- nom . sg
‘This town impressed Petro.’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence.

126. despise znevažaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o znevažaj-e Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg despise( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro despises Mariya.’

127. get upset zasmutytysja

Valency pattern: NOM_cerezACC
X: NOM
Y: cerezACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o zasmuty-v-sja čerez syn-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg upset( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl through son( m )- acc . sg
‘Petro got upset with his son.’

128. get irritated rozdratovanyj + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o rozdratovan-yj na svoju don’k-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg irritate( pfv ) ptcp . pst . pass - m . nom . sg on one’s. f . acc . sg daughter( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is getting irritated with his daughter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive participle).

129. be fond sympatyzuvaty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o sympatyzuj-e Marij-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_fond( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro is fond of Mariya.’

130. be shy soromytysja

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o sorom-yt’-sja svoho rost-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg shame( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl one’s. m . gen . sg height( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro is embarrassed about his height.’