BivalTyp

Norwegian Bokmål

Contributed by Maria Nordrum and Olga Kuznetsova

M.N.'s photo

O.K.'s photo

Olga Kuznetsova elicited some preliminary data in 2013. In 2020, Maria Nordrum provided and analyzed a fuller version of the data in the capacity of a native speaker of Norwegian Bokmål. Maria Nordrum used the Russian version of the questionnaire.

How to cite

Nordrum, Maria & Olga Kuznetsova. 2021. Bivalent patterns in Norwegian Bokmål. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. St. Petersburg: Institute for Linguistic Studies, RAS. (Data first published on February 12, 2021; last revised on December 4, 2021.) (Available online at https://bivaltyp.info, Accessed on )

Basic info

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern
Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain å ha vondt

Valency pattern: SBJ_i
X: SBJ
Y: i
Locus: Y
Per ha-r vond-t i hod-et
pn have- prs painful- indf . n . sg in head- def . n . sg
‘Per has a headache.’

2. have (illness) å ha

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per ha-r influensa
pn have- prs flu
‘Per has the flu.’

3. be afraid å være redd

Valency pattern: SBJ_for
X: SBJ
Y: for
Locus: Y
Per er redd for hund-en
pn be. prs afraid for dog- def . m . sg
‘Per is afraid of the dog.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

4. throw å kaste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per kaste-t stein-en først
pn throw- pst stone- def . m . sg first
‘Per threw the stone first.’

5. have enough å ha nok

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
nå ha-r Per nok peng-er
now have- prs pn enough money- pl
‘Now Per has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

6. resemble å ligne

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per ligne-r på Ola
pn resemble- prs on pn
‘Per resembles Ola.’

7. believe å tro

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per tro-r Ola
pn believe- prs pn
‘Per believes Ola.’

8. take å ta

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per tok ei bok fra hyll-a
pn take. pst indf . f . sg book from shelf- def . f . sg
‘Per took a book from the shelf.’

9. see å se

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per se-r et hus
pn see- prs indf . n . sg house
‘Per sees a house.’

10. influence å påvirke

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
alder-en påvirke-r hukommels-en
age- def . m . sg influence- prs memory- def . m . sg
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter å møte

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per møt-te Ola
pn meet- pst pn
‘Per encountered Ola.’

12. enter å gå inn

Valency pattern: SBJ_i
X: SBJ
Y: i
Locus: Y
Per gikk inn i hus-et
pn go. pst inside in house- def . n . sg
‘Per entered the house.’

13. win å vinne

Valency pattern: SBJ_over
X: SBJ
Y: over
Locus: Y
Per vant over Ola
pn win. pst over pn
‘Per beat Ola.’

14. go out å gå ut

Valency pattern: SBJ_av
X: SBJ
Y: av
Locus: Y
Per gikk ut av hus-et
pn go. pst out of house- def . n . sg
‘Per went out of the house.’

15. drive å jage

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per jage-r ku-a på beite
pn drive- prs cow- def . f . sg on pasture
‘Per is driving the cow to the pasture.’

16. bend å bøye

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per bøy-de gren-en
pn bend- pst branch- def . m . sg
‘Per bent the branch.’

17. tell å si

Valency pattern: SBJ_til
X: SBJ
Y: til
Locus: Y
«kom på besøk» sa Per til Ola
«come. imp on visit» say. pst pn to pn
‘Per told Ola: "Come and visit".’

18. hold å holde

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per holde-r ei bok i hend-ene
pn hold- prs indf . f . sg book in hand- def . pl
‘Per is holding a book in his hands.’

19. catch up å ta igjen

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per tok Kari igjen
pn take. pst pn again
‘Per caught up with Kari.’

20. milk å melke

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per melke-t ku-a
pn milk- pst cow- def . f . sg
‘Per milked the cow.’

21. reach å nå

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per nådde bredd-en
pn reach. pst bank- def . m . sg
‘Per reached the bank.’

22. touch å ta

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per tok på vegg-en og ble flekkete
pn take. pst on wall- def . m . sg and become. pst spotted
‘Per touched the wall and got dirty.’

23. fight å slåss

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per slåss med Ola
pn fight. prs with pn
‘Per is fighting with Ola.’

24. be friends å være venn

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per er venn med Ola
pn be. prs friend with pn
‘Per is friends with Ola.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

25. think å tenke

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per tenke-r på Kari
pn think- prs on pn
‘Per is thinking about Kari.’

26. eat å spise

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per spis-te et eple
pn eat- pst indf . n . sg apple
‘Per ate an apple.’

27. fry å steke

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per stek-te fisk-en
pn fry- pst fish- def . m . sg
‘Per fried the fish.’

28. wait å vente

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per vente-r på Ola
pn wait- prs on pn
‘Per is waiting for Ola.’

29. forget å glemme

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per hadde glem-t snarvei-en
pn have. pst forget- ptcp shortcut- def . m . sg
‘Per forgot about the shortcut.’

30. depend å avhenge

Valency pattern: SBJ_av
X: SBJ
Y: av
Locus: Y
hukommels-en avhenge-r av alder-en
memory- def . m . sg depend- prs of age- def . m . sg
‘Memory depends on age.’

31. call å rope

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per rop-te på Ola
pn call- pst on pn
‘Per called Ola.’

32. get to know å bli kjent

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per ble kjent med Ola for et år siden
pn become. pst acquainted with pn for one. n year since
‘Per got to know Ola a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

33. know å kjenne

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per kjenne-r Ola
pn know- prs pn
‘Per knows Ola.’

34. play (instrument) å spille

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per spille-r gitar
pn play- prs guitar
‘Per is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid å unngå

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per unngå-r Ola
pn avoid- prs pn
‘Per avoids Ola.’

36. make å lage

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per lage-t en musefelle
pn make- pst indf . m . sg mousetrap
‘Per made a mousetrap.’

37. make fun å gjøre narr

Valency pattern: SBJ_av
X: SBJ
Y: av
Locus: Y
nå gjø-r Per narr av Ola
now make- prs pn fool of pn
‘Now Per is making fun of Ola.’

38. have å ha

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per ha-r bil
pn have- prs car
‘Per has a car.’

39. look for å lete

Valency pattern: SBJ_etter
X: SBJ
Y: etter
Locus: Y
Per lete-r etter nøkl-ene
pn seek- prs after key- def . pl
‘Per is looking for his keys.’

40. paint å male

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per mal-te gjerd-et
pn paint- pst fence- def . n . sg
‘Per painted the fence.’

41. bite å bite

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
hund-en bet Per
dog- def . m . sg bite. pst pn
‘The dog bit Per.’

42. forfeit å miste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per miste-t hus-et sitt
pn lose- pst house- def . n . sg poss . refl . n . sg
‘Per lost his house.’

43. try to catch å prøve å fange

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per prøve-r å fange katt-en
pn try- prs inf catch cat- def . m . sg
‘Per is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break å ødelegge

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per ødela stokk-en
pn break. pst stick- def . m . sg
‘Per broke a stick.’

45. flatter å smigre

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per smigre-r Kari
pn flatter- prs pn
‘Per is flattering Kari.’

46. love (person) å elske

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per elske-r Kari
pn love- prs pn
‘Per loves Kari.’

47. wave å vifte

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per vifte-r med tørkle
pn wave- prs with handkerchief
‘Per is waving a handkerchief.’

48. dream å drømme

Valency pattern: SBJ_om
X: SBJ
Y: om
Locus: Y
Per drømme-r om en ny bil
pn dream- prs about indf . m . sg new car
‘Per is dreaming of a new car.’

49. wash å vaske

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per vaske-t kopp-en
pn wash- pst cup- def . m . sg
‘Per washed the cup.’

50. put on å ta på seg

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per tok på seg buks-ene
pn take. pst on refl trousers- def . pl
‘Per put on his trousers.’

51. be called å kalles

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
denne gjenstand-en kalle-s et kompas
this. m . sg object- def . m . sg call- pass . prs indf . n . sg compass
‘This object is called a compass.’

52. punish å straffe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per straffe-t sønn-en sin
pn punish- pst son- def . m . sg poss . refl . m . sg
‘Per punished his son.’

53. attack å angripe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
bjørn-en angrep fisker-en
bear- def . m . sg attack. pst fisherman- def . m . sg
‘The bear attacked the fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) å bli full

Valency pattern: SBJ_av
X: SBJ
Y: av
Locus: Y
bøtt-en var blitt full av vann
bucket- def . m . sg be. pst become. ptcp full of water
‘The bucket filled with water.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

55. find å finne

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per fant nøkl-ene
pn find. pst key- def . pl
‘Per found his keys.’

56. be short å mangle

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per mangle-r en dollar
pn lack- prs one. m dollar
‘Per is one dollar short.’

57. hate å hate

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per hate-r Ola
pn hate- prs pn
‘Per hates Ola.’

58. like å like

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per like-r den skjort-a
pn like- prs det . f . sg shirt- def . f . sg
‘Per likes this shirt.’

59. need å trenge

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
nå trenge-r Per peng-er
now need- prs pn money- pl
‘Now Per needs money.’

60. surround å være omgitt

Valency pattern: av_SBJ
X: av
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
by-en er omgitt av mur-er
town- def . m . sg be. prs surround. ptcp of wall- pl
‘Walls surround the city.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive).

61. remain å ha igjen

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
nå ha-r Per 10 dollar igjen
now have- prs pn 10 dollar again
‘Per has ten dollars left.’

62. answer å svare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per svar-te lærer-en
pn answer- pst teacher- def . m . sg
‘Per answered the teacher.’

63. open å åpne

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per åpne-t boks-en
pn open- pst can- def . m . sg
‘Per opened a can.’

64. be different å være annerledes

Valency pattern: SBJ_enn
X: SBJ
Y: enn
Locus: Y
min skjorte er annerledes enn din
my. sg shirt be. prs different than your. sg
‘My shirt is different from yours.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

65. fall behind å ligge etter

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per lå etter Ola
pn lie. pst after pn
‘Per fell behind Ola.’
Note: Phrasal verb (etter is not a flagging device).

66. plough å pløye

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per pløye-r jord-et
pn plough- prs field- def . n . sg
‘Per is ploughing the field.’

67. smell å lukte

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
hend-ene mine lukte-r bensin
hand- def . pl my. pl smell- prs gasoline
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’

68. cross å krysse

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per krysse-t vei-en
pn cross- pst way- def . m . sg
‘Per crossed the road.’

69. sing å synge

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per sang en vakker sang
pn sing. pst indf . m . sg beautiful song
‘Per sang a beautiful song.’

70. write å skrive

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per skrev et brev
pn write. pst indf . n . sg letter
‘Per wrote a letter.’

71. drink å drikke opp

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per drakk melk-en opp
pn drink. pst milk- def . m . sg up
‘Per drank the milk.’
Note: Phrasal verb (opp is not a flagging device).

72. melt å smelte

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per smelte-t en bit bly
pn melt- pst indf . m . sg piece lead
‘Per melted a piece of lead.’

73. match å passe

Valency pattern: SBJ_til
X: SBJ
Y: til
Locus: Y
dette belt-et passe-r til kjol-en min
this. n . sg belt- def . n . sg fit- prs to dress- def . m . sg my. sg
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’

74. leave å forlate

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per forlot hjemby-en
pn leave. pst home_town- def . m . sg
‘Per left his hometown.’

75. cover å dekke

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
tepp-et dekke-r hele gulv-et
carpet- def . n . sg cover- prs whole floor- def . n . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember å huske

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per huske-r godt hus-et hvor han voks-te opp
pn remember- prs well house- def . n . sg where he grow- pst up
‘Per remembers the house where he grew up well.’

77. help å hjelpe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per hjalp Ola
pn help. pst pn
‘Per helped Ola.’

78. understand (language) å forstå

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per forstå-r fransk
pn understand- prs f rench
‘Per understands French.’

79. hit (target) å treffe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
lyn-et traff hus-et
lightning- def . n . sg hit. pst house- def . n . sg
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself å skjære seg

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per skjær-te seg med barberkniv-en
pn cut- pst refl with razor- def . m . sg
‘Per cut himself with a razor.’

81. get stuck å klistre seg fast

Valency pattern: SBJ_til
X: SBJ
Y: til
Locus: Y
glass-et klistre-t seg fast til bord-et
glass- def . n . sg glue- pst refl fixed to table- def . n . sg
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game) å tape

Valency pattern: SBJ_mot
X: SBJ
Y: mot
Locus: Y
Per tap-te mot Ola
pn lose- pst towards pn
‘Per lost to Ola.’

83. be glad å bli glad

Valency pattern: SBJ_for
X: SBJ
Y: for
Locus: Y
Per ble glad for brev-et
pn become. pst glad for letter- def . n . sg
‘Per was glad about the letter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

84. speak å snakke

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per snakke-t med Ola
pn speak- pst with pn
‘Per is speaking with Ola.’

85. give birth å føde

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kari fød-te en sønn
pn give_birth- pst indf . m . sg son
‘Kari gave birth to a son.’

86. drop å miste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per miste-t glass-et i gulv-et
pn lose- pst glass- def . n . sg in floor- def . n . sg
‘Per dropped the glass.’

87. govern å lede

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per lede-r bygd-a vår
pn lead- prs village- def . f . sg our
‘Per runs our town.’

88. miss å savne

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per savne-r Kari
pn miss- prs pn
‘Per misses Kari.’

89. follow å følge etter

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per følge-r etter Ola
pn follow- prs after pn
‘Per follows Kari.’
Note: Phrasal verb (etter is not a flagging device).

90. dismount å stige av

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per steg av hest-en
pn climb. pst of horse- def . m . sg
‘Per got down from the horse.’
Note: Phrasal verb (av is not a flagging device).

91. listen å lytte

Valency pattern: SBJ_til
X: SBJ
Y: til
Locus: Y
Per lytte-r til radio-en
pn listen- prs to radio- def . m . sg
‘Per is listening to radio.’

92. obey å adlyde

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per adlyde-r mamma-en sin
pn obey- prs mother- def . m . sg poss . refl . f . sg
‘Per obeys his mother.’

93. hear å høre

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per høre-r musikk
pn hear- prs music
‘Per hears the music.’

94. mix å blande seg

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
honning-en blande-t seg med melk-en
honey- def . m . sg mix- pst refl with milk- def . m . sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look å se

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per se-r på de mørke sky-ene
pn see- prs on det . pl dark. pl cloud- def . pl
‘Per is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off å ta av seg

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per tok av seg skjort-a
pn take. pst of refl shirt- def . f . sg
‘Per took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) å drømme

Valency pattern: SBJ_om
X: SBJ
Y: om
Locus: Y
Per drømme-r om Kari
pn dream- prs about pn
‘Per dreams about Kari.’

98. agree å være enig

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per var enig med Kari
pn be. pst agreeing with pn
‘Per agreed with Kari.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

99. have a quarrel å krangle

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per krangle-t med Kari
pn quarrel- pst with pn
‘Per had a quarrel with Kari.’

100. cost å koste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
denne kopp-en koste-r en dollar
this. m . sg cup- def . m . sg cost- prs one. m dollar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

101. shoot at å skyte

Valency pattern: SBJ_mot
X: SBJ
Y: mot
Locus: Y
Per skjøt mot en fugl
pn shoot. pst towards indf . m . sg bird
‘Per shot at the bird.’

102. pour å strø

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per strød-de sukker i kopp-en
pn pour- pst sugar in cup- def . m . sg
‘Per poured the sugar into the cup.’

103. lose å miste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per miste-t nøkl-ene
pn lose- pst key- def . pl
‘Per lost his keys.’

104. sink å synke

Valency pattern: SBJ_i
X: SBJ
Y: i
Locus: Y
tømmer-et sank i vann-et
log- def . n . sg sink. pst in water- def . n . sg
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill å drepe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per drep-te Ola
pn kill- pst pn
‘Per killed Ola.’

106. hit å slå

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per slo Ola
pn hit. pst pn
‘Per hit Ola.’

107. kiss å kysse

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per kysse-t Kari
pn kiss- pst pn
‘Per kissed Kari.’

108. read å lese

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per les-te en interessant bok
pn read- pst indf . m . sg interesting book
‘Per read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) å bevege

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per beveg-de finger-en
pn move- pst finger- def . m . sg
‘Per moved his finger.’

110. respect å respektere

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per respektere-r Ola
pn respect- prs pn
‘Per respects Ola.’

111. be squeamish å avsky

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per avsky-r oppvask
pn abhor- prs dirty_dishes
‘Per is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content å være fornøyd

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per er fornøyd med sønn-en sin
pn be. prs satisfied with son- def . m . sg poss . refl . m . sg
‘Per is satisfied with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

113. fall in love å bli forelsket

Valency pattern: SBJ_i
X: SBJ
Y: i
Locus: Y
Per ble forelsket i Kari
pn become. pst enamoured in pn
‘Per fell in love with Kari.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

114. trust å stole på

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per stole-r på Kari
pn trust- prs on pn
‘Per trusts Kari.’
Note: Phrasal verb (på is not a flagging device).

115. sympathise å synes synd på

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per syne-s synd på mor-en
pn show- pass . prs unfortunate on mother- def . m . sg
‘Per sympathises with his mother.’
Note: Phrasal verb (på is not a flagging device).

116. envy å være misunnelig

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per er misunnelig på Ola
pn be. prs envious on pn
‘Per envies Ola.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

117. be angry å være sint på

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per er sint på Ola
pn be. prs angry on pn
‘Per is angry with Ola.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. Phrasal predicative expression (på is not a flagging device).

118. be surprised å bli overrasket

Valency pattern: SBJ_over
X: SBJ
Y: over
Locus: Y
Per ble overraske-t over gav-en
pn become. pst surprise- ptcp over gift- def . m . sg
‘Per was surprised at this gift.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive).

119. love (tea) å elske

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per elske-r te
pn love- prs tea
‘Per loves tea.’

120. enjoy å nyte

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per nyte-r den varm-e te-en
pn enjoy- prs det . m . sg warm- def tea- def . m . sg
‘Per enjoys hot tea.’

121. want å ønske seg

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per ønske-r seg ny mobil
pn wish- prs refl new mobile_phone
‘Per wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge å være sint på

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per er sint på Ola
pn be. prs angry on pn
‘Per is angry with Ola.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. Phrasal predicative expression (på is not a flagging device).

123. take offence å bli fornærmet

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per ble fornærme-t på Ola
pn become. pst offended- ptcp on pn
‘Per took offence at Ola.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive).

124. upset å gjøre trist

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per gjor-de Ola svært trist
pn make- pst pn very sad
‘Per greatly upset Ola.’

125. marvel å bli imponert

Valency pattern: SBJ_over
X: SBJ
Y: over
Locus: Y
Per ble imponer-t over by-en
pn become. pst impress- ptcp over town- def . m . sg
‘Per was impressed by the town.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive).

126. despise å forakte

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per forakte-r Ola
pn despise- prs pn
‘Per despises Ola.’

127. get upset å gjøre bedrøvet

Valency pattern: DO_SBJ
X: DO
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
sønn-en gjor-de Per bedrøve-t
son- def . m . sg make- pst pn upset- ptcp
‘Per got upset with his son.’

128. get irritated å irritere seg

Valency pattern: SBJ_over
X: SBJ
Y: over
Locus: Y
Per irritere-r seg over datter-en
pn irritate- prs refl over daughter- def . m . sg
‘Per is getting irritated with his daughter.’

129. be fond å like

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per like-r Ola
pn like- prs pn
‘Per is fond of Ola.’

130. be shy å være flau

Valency pattern: SBJ_over
X: SBJ
Y: over
Locus: Y
Per er flau over høyd-en sin
pn be. prs embarrassed over height- def . m . sg poss . refl . m . sg
‘Per is embarrased about his height.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.