BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

Norwegian Bokmål

Contributed by Maria Nordrum and Olga Kuznetsova

M.N.'s photo

O.K.'s photo

Olga Kuznetsova elicited some preliminary data in 2013. In 2020, Maria Nordrum provided and analyzed a fuller version of the data in the capacity of a native speaker of Norwegian Bokmål. Maria Nordrum used the Russian version of the questionnaire.

How to cite

Nordrum, Maria & Olga Kuznetsova. 2021. Bivalent patterns in Norwegian Bokmål. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. St. Petersburg: Institute for Linguistic Studies, RAS. (Data first published on February 12, 2021; last revised on December 4, 2021.) (Available online at https://www.bivaltyp.info, Accessed on )

Basic info

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern
Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain å ha vondt

Valency pattern: SBJ_i
X: SBJ
Y: i
Locus: Y
Per ha-r vond-t i hod-et
pn have- prs painful- indf . n . sg in head- def . n . sg
‘Per has a headache.’

2. have (illness) å ha

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per ha-r influensa
pn have- prs flu
‘Per has the flu.’

3. be afraid å være redd

Valency pattern: SBJ_for
X: SBJ
Y: for
Locus: Y
Per er redd for hund-en
pn be. prs afraid for dog- def . m . sg
‘Per is afraid of the dog.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

4. throw å kaste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per kaste-t stein-en først
pn throw- pst stone- def . m . sg first
‘Per threw the stone first.’

5. have enough å ha nok

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
nå ha-r Per nok peng-er
now have- prs pn enough money- pl
‘Now Per has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

6. resemble å ligne

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per ligne-r på Ola
pn resemble- prs on pn
‘Per resembles Ola.’

7. believe å tro

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per tro-r Ola
pn believe- prs pn
‘Per believes Ola.’

8. take å ta

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per tok ei bok fra hyll-a
pn take. pst indf . f . sg book from shelf- def . f . sg
‘Per took a book from the shelf.’

9. see å se

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per se-r et hus
pn see- prs indf . n . sg house
‘Per sees a house.’

10. influence å påvirke

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
alder-en påvirke-r hukommels-en
age- def . m . sg influence- prs memory- def . m . sg
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter å møte

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per møt-te Ola
pn meet- pst pn
‘Per encountered Ola.’

12. enter å gå inn

Valency pattern: SBJ_i
X: SBJ
Y: i
Locus: Y
Per gikk inn i hus-et
pn go. pst inside in house- def . n . sg
‘Per entered the house.’

13. win å vinne

Valency pattern: SBJ_over
X: SBJ
Y: over
Locus: Y
Per vant over Ola
pn win. pst over pn
‘Per beat Ola.’

14. go out å gå ut

Valency pattern: SBJ_av
X: SBJ
Y: av
Locus: Y
Per gikk ut av hus-et
pn go. pst out of house- def . n . sg
‘Per went out of the house.’

15. drive å jage

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per jage-r ku-a på beite
pn drive- prs cow- def . f . sg on pasture
‘Per is driving the cow to the pasture.’

16. bend å bøye

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per bøy-de gren-en
pn bend- pst branch- def . m . sg
‘Per bent the branch.’

17. tell å si

Valency pattern: SBJ_til
X: SBJ
Y: til
Locus: Y
«kom på besøk» sa Per til Ola
«come. imp on visit» say. pst pn to pn
‘Per told Ola: "Come and visit".’

18. hold å holde

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per holde-r ei bok i hend-ene
pn hold- prs indf . f . sg book in hand- def . pl
‘Per is holding a book in his hands.’

19. catch up å ta igjen

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per tok Kari igjen
pn take. pst pn again
‘Per caught up with Kari.’

20. milk å melke

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per melke-t ku-a
pn milk- pst cow- def . f . sg
‘Per milked the cow.’

21. reach å nå

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per nådde bredd-en
pn reach. pst bank- def . m . sg
‘Per reached the bank.’

22. touch å ta

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per tok på vegg-en og ble flekkete
pn take. pst on wall- def . m . sg and become. pst spotted
‘Per touched the wall and got dirty.’

23. fight å slåss

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per slåss med Ola
pn fight. prs with pn
‘Per is fighting with Ola.’

24. be friends å være venn

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per er venn med Ola
pn be. prs friend with pn
‘Per is friends with Ola.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

25. think å tenke

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per tenke-r på Kari
pn think- prs on pn
‘Per is thinking about Kari.’

26. eat å spise

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per spis-te et eple
pn eat- pst indf . n . sg apple
‘Per ate an apple.’

27. fry å steke

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per stek-te fisk-en
pn fry- pst fish- def . m . sg
‘Per fried the fish.’

28. wait å vente

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per vente-r på Ola
pn wait- prs on pn
‘Per is waiting for Ola.’

29. forget å glemme

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per hadde glem-t snarvei-en
pn have. pst forget- ptcp shortcut- def . m . sg
‘Per forgot about the shortcut.’

30. depend å avhenge

Valency pattern: SBJ_av
X: SBJ
Y: av
Locus: Y
hukommels-en avhenge-r av alder-en
memory- def . m . sg depend- prs of age- def . m . sg
‘Memory depends on age.’

31. call å rope

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per rop-te på Ola
pn call- pst on pn
‘Per called Ola.’

32. get to know å bli kjent

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per ble kjent med Ola for et år siden
pn become. pst acquainted with pn for one. n year since
‘Per got to know Ola a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

33. know å kjenne

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per kjenne-r Ola
pn know- prs pn
‘Per knows Ola.’

34. play (instrument) å spille

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per spille-r gitar
pn play- prs guitar
‘Per is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid å unngå

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per unngå-r Ola
pn avoid- prs pn
‘Per avoids Ola.’

36. make å lage

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per lage-t en musefelle
pn make- pst indf . m . sg mousetrap
‘Per made a mousetrap.’

37. make fun å gjøre narr

Valency pattern: SBJ_av
X: SBJ
Y: av
Locus: Y
nå gjø-r Per narr av Ola
now make- prs pn fool of pn
‘Now Per is making fun of Ola.’

38. have å ha

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per ha-r bil
pn have- prs car
‘Per has a car.’

39. look for å lete

Valency pattern: SBJ_etter
X: SBJ
Y: etter
Locus: Y
Per lete-r etter nøkl-ene
pn seek- prs after key- def . pl
‘Per is looking for his keys.’

40. paint å male

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per mal-te gjerd-et
pn paint- pst fence- def . n . sg
‘Per painted the fence.’

41. bite å bite

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
hund-en bet Per
dog- def . m . sg bite. pst pn
‘The dog bit Per.’

42. forfeit å miste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per miste-t hus-et sitt
pn lose- pst house- def . n . sg poss . refl . n . sg
‘Per lost his house.’

43. try to catch å prøve å fange

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per prøve-r å fange katt-en
pn try- prs inf catch cat- def . m . sg
‘Per is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break å ødelegge

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per ødela stokk-en
pn break. pst stick- def . m . sg
‘Per broke a stick.’

45. flatter å smigre

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per smigre-r Kari
pn flatter- prs pn
‘Per is flattering Kari.’

46. love (person) å elske

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per elske-r Kari
pn love- prs pn
‘Per loves Kari.’

47. wave å vifte

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per vifte-r med tørkle
pn wave- prs with handkerchief
‘Per is waving a handkerchief.’

48. dream å drømme

Valency pattern: SBJ_om
X: SBJ
Y: om
Locus: Y
Per drømme-r om en ny bil
pn dream- prs about indf . m . sg new car
‘Per is dreaming of a new car.’

49. wash å vaske

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per vaske-t kopp-en
pn wash- pst cup- def . m . sg
‘Per washed the cup.’

50. put on å ta på seg

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per tok på seg buks-ene
pn take. pst on refl trousers- def . pl
‘Per put on his trousers.’

51. be called å kalles

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
denne gjenstand-en kalle-s et kompas
this. m . sg object- def . m . sg call- pass . prs indf . n . sg compass
‘This object is called a compass.’

52. punish å straffe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per straffe-t sønn-en sin
pn punish- pst son- def . m . sg poss . refl . m . sg
‘Per punished his son.’

53. attack å angripe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
bjørn-en angrep fisker-en
bear- def . m . sg attack. pst fisherman- def . m . sg
‘The bear attacked the fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) å bli full

Valency pattern: SBJ_av
X: SBJ
Y: av
Locus: Y
bøtt-en var blitt full av vann
bucket- def . m . sg be. pst become. ptcp full of water
‘The bucket filled with water.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

55. find å finne

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per fant nøkl-ene
pn find. pst key- def . pl
‘Per found his keys.’

56. be short å mangle

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per mangle-r en dollar
pn lack- prs one. m dollar
‘Per is one dollar short.’

57. hate å hate

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per hate-r Ola
pn hate- prs pn
‘Per hates Ola.’

58. like å like

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per like-r den skjort-a
pn like- prs det . f . sg shirt- def . f . sg
‘Per likes this shirt.’

59. need å trenge

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
nå trenge-r Per peng-er
now need- prs pn money- pl
‘Now Per needs money.’

60. surround å være omgitt

Valency pattern: av_SBJ
X: av
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
by-en er omgitt av mur-er
town- def . m . sg be. prs surround. ptcp of wall- pl
‘Walls surround the city.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive).

61. remain å ha igjen

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
nå ha-r Per 10 dollar igjen
now have- prs pn 10 dollar again
‘Per has ten dollars left.’

62. answer å svare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per svar-te lærer-en
pn answer- pst teacher- def . m . sg
‘Per answered the teacher.’

63. open å åpne

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per åpne-t boks-en
pn open- pst can- def . m . sg
‘Per opened a can.’

64. be different å være annerledes

Valency pattern: SBJ_enn
X: SBJ
Y: enn
Locus: Y
min skjorte er annerledes enn din
my. sg shirt be. prs different than your. sg
‘My shirt is different from yours.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

65. fall behind å ligge etter

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per lå etter Ola
pn lie. pst after pn
‘Per fell behind Ola.’
Note: Phrasal verb (etter is not a flagging device).

66. plough å pløye

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per pløye-r jord-et
pn plough- prs field- def . n . sg
‘Per is ploughing the field.’

67. smell å lukte

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
hend-ene mine lukte-r bensin
hand- def . pl my. pl smell- prs gasoline
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’

68. cross å krysse

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per krysse-t vei-en
pn cross- pst way- def . m . sg
‘Per crossed the road.’

69. sing å synge

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per sang en vakker sang
pn sing. pst indf . m . sg beautiful song
‘Per sang a beautiful song.’

70. write å skrive

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per skrev et brev
pn write. pst indf . n . sg letter
‘Per wrote a letter.’

71. drink å drikke opp

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per drakk melk-en opp
pn drink. pst milk- def . m . sg up
‘Per drank the milk.’
Note: Phrasal verb (opp is not a flagging device).

72. melt å smelte

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per smelte-t en bit bly
pn melt- pst indf . m . sg piece lead
‘Per melted a piece of lead.’

73. match å passe

Valency pattern: SBJ_til
X: SBJ
Y: til
Locus: Y
dette belt-et passe-r til kjol-en min
this. n . sg belt- def . n . sg fit- prs to dress- def . m . sg my. sg
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’

74. leave å forlate

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per forlot hjemby-en
pn leave. pst home_town- def . m . sg
‘Per left his hometown.’

75. cover å dekke

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
tepp-et dekke-r hele gulv-et
carpet- def . n . sg cover- prs whole floor- def . n . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember å huske

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per huske-r godt hus-et hvor han voks-te opp
pn remember- prs well house- def . n . sg where he grow- pst up
‘Per remembers the house where he grew up well.’

77. help å hjelpe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per hjalp Ola
pn help. pst pn
‘Per helped Ola.’

78. understand (language) å forstå

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per forstå-r fransk
pn understand- prs f rench
‘Per understands French.’

79. hit (target) å treffe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
lyn-et traff hus-et
lightning- def . n . sg hit. pst house- def . n . sg
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself å skjære seg

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per skjær-te seg med barberkniv-en
pn cut- pst refl with razor- def . m . sg
‘Per cut himself with a razor.’

81. get stuck å klistre seg fast

Valency pattern: SBJ_til
X: SBJ
Y: til
Locus: Y
glass-et klistre-t seg fast til bord-et
glass- def . n . sg glue- pst refl fixed to table- def . n . sg
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game) å tape

Valency pattern: SBJ_mot
X: SBJ
Y: mot
Locus: Y
Per tap-te mot Ola
pn lose- pst towards pn
‘Per lost to Ola.’

83. be glad å bli glad

Valency pattern: SBJ_for
X: SBJ
Y: for
Locus: Y
Per ble glad for brev-et
pn become. pst glad for letter- def . n . sg
‘Per was glad about the letter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

84. speak å snakke

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per snakke-t med Ola
pn speak- pst with pn
‘Per is speaking with Ola.’

85. give birth å føde

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kari fød-te en sønn
pn give_birth- pst indf . m . sg son
‘Kari gave birth to a son.’

86. drop å miste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per miste-t glass-et i gulv-et
pn lose- pst glass- def . n . sg in floor- def . n . sg
‘Per dropped the glass.’

87. govern å lede

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per lede-r bygd-a vår
pn lead- prs village- def . f . sg our
‘Per runs our town.’

88. miss å savne

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per savne-r Kari
pn miss- prs pn
‘Per misses Kari.’

89. follow å følge etter

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per følge-r etter Ola
pn follow- prs after pn
‘Per follows Kari.’
Note: Phrasal verb (etter is not a flagging device).

90. dismount å stige av

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per steg av hest-en
pn climb. pst of horse- def . m . sg
‘Per got down from the horse.’
Note: Phrasal verb (av is not a flagging device).

91. listen å lytte

Valency pattern: SBJ_til
X: SBJ
Y: til
Locus: Y
Per lytte-r til radio-en
pn listen- prs to radio- def . m . sg
‘Per is listening to radio.’

92. obey å adlyde

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per adlyde-r mamma-en sin
pn obey- prs mother- def . m . sg poss . refl . f . sg
‘Per obeys his mother.’

93. hear å høre

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per høre-r musikk
pn hear- prs music
‘Per hears the music.’

94. mix å blande seg

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
honning-en blande-t seg med melk-en
honey- def . m . sg mix- pst refl with milk- def . m . sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look å se

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per se-r på de mørke sky-ene
pn see- prs on det . pl dark. pl cloud- def . pl
‘Per is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off å ta av seg

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per tok av seg skjort-a
pn take. pst of refl shirt- def . f . sg
‘Per took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) å drømme

Valency pattern: SBJ_om
X: SBJ
Y: om
Locus: Y
Per drømme-r om Kari
pn dream- prs about pn
‘Per dreams about Kari.’

98. agree å være enig

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per var enig med Kari
pn be. pst agreeing with pn
‘Per agreed with Kari.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

99. have a quarrel å krangle

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per krangle-t med Kari
pn quarrel- pst with pn
‘Per had a quarrel with Kari.’

100. cost å koste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
denne kopp-en koste-r en dollar
this. m . sg cup- def . m . sg cost- prs one. m dollar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

101. shoot at å skyte

Valency pattern: SBJ_mot
X: SBJ
Y: mot
Locus: Y
Per skjøt mot en fugl
pn shoot. pst towards indf . m . sg bird
‘Per shot at the bird.’

102. pour å strø

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per strød-de sukker i kopp-en
pn pour- pst sugar in cup- def . m . sg
‘Per poured the sugar into the cup.’

103. lose å miste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per miste-t nøkl-ene
pn lose- pst key- def . pl
‘Per lost his keys.’

104. sink å synke

Valency pattern: SBJ_i
X: SBJ
Y: i
Locus: Y
tømmer-et sank i vann-et
log- def . n . sg sink. pst in water- def . n . sg
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill å drepe

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per drep-te Ola
pn kill- pst pn
‘Per killed Ola.’

106. hit å slå

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per slo Ola
pn hit. pst pn
‘Per hit Ola.’

107. kiss å kysse

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per kysse-t Kari
pn kiss- pst pn
‘Per kissed Kari.’

108. read å lese

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per les-te en interessant bok
pn read- pst indf . m . sg interesting book
‘Per read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) å bevege

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per beveg-de finger-en
pn move- pst finger- def . m . sg
‘Per moved his finger.’

110. respect å respektere

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per respektere-r Ola
pn respect- prs pn
‘Per respects Ola.’

111. be squeamish å avsky

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per avsky-r oppvask
pn abhor- prs dirty_dishes
‘Per is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content å være fornøyd

Valency pattern: SBJ_med
X: SBJ
Y: med
Locus: Y
Per er fornøyd med sønn-en sin
pn be. prs satisfied with son- def . m . sg poss . refl . m . sg
‘Per is satisfied with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

113. fall in love å bli forelsket

Valency pattern: SBJ_i
X: SBJ
Y: i
Locus: Y
Per ble forelsket i Kari
pn become. pst enamoured in pn
‘Per fell in love with Kari.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

114. trust å stole på

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per stole-r på Kari
pn trust- prs on pn
‘Per trusts Kari.’
Note: Phrasal verb (på is not a flagging device).

115. sympathise å synes synd på

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per syne-s synd på mor-en
pn show- pass . prs unfortunate on mother- def . m . sg
‘Per sympathises with his mother.’
Note: Phrasal verb (på is not a flagging device).

116. envy å være misunnelig

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per er misunnelig på Ola
pn be. prs envious on pn
‘Per envies Ola.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

117. be angry å være sint på

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per er sint på Ola
pn be. prs angry on pn
‘Per is angry with Ola.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. Phrasal predicative expression (på is not a flagging device).

118. be surprised å bli overrasket

Valency pattern: SBJ_over
X: SBJ
Y: over
Locus: Y
Per ble overraske-t over gav-en
pn become. pst surprise- ptcp over gift- def . m . sg
‘Per was surprised at this gift.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive).

119. love (tea) å elske

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per elske-r te
pn love- prs tea
‘Per loves tea.’

120. enjoy å nyte

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per nyte-r den varm-e te-en
pn enjoy- prs det . m . sg warm- def tea- def . m . sg
‘Per enjoys hot tea.’

121. want å ønske seg

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per ønske-r seg ny mobil
pn wish- prs refl new mobile_phone
‘Per wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge å være sint på

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per er sint på Ola
pn be. prs angry on pn
‘Per is angry with Ola.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. Phrasal predicative expression (på is not a flagging device).

123. take offence å bli fornærmet

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per ble fornærme-t på Ola
pn become. pst offended- ptcp on pn
‘Per took offence at Ola.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive).

124. upset å gjøre trist

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per gjor-de Ola svært trist
pn make- pst pn very sad
‘Per greatly upset Ola.’

125. marvel å bli imponert

Valency pattern: SBJ_over
X: SBJ
Y: over
Locus: Y
Per ble imponer-t over by-en
pn become. pst impress- ptcp over town- def . m . sg
‘Per was impressed by the town.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive).

126. despise å forakte

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per forakte-r Ola
pn despise- prs pn
‘Per despises Ola.’

127. get upset å gjøre bedrøvet

Valency pattern: DO_SBJ
X: DO
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
sønn-en gjor-de Per bedrøve-t
son- def . m . sg make- pst pn upset- ptcp
‘Per got upset with his son.’

128. get irritated å irritere seg

Valency pattern: SBJ_over
X: SBJ
Y: over
Locus: Y
Per irritere-r seg over datter-en
pn irritate- prs refl over daughter- def . m . sg
‘Per is getting irritated with his daughter.’

129. be fond å like

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per like-r Ola
pn like- prs pn
‘Per is fond of Ola.’

130. be shy å være flau

Valency pattern: SBJ_over
X: SBJ
Y: over
Locus: Y
Per er flau over høyd-en sin
pn be. prs embarrassed over height- def . m . sg poss . refl . m . sg
‘Per is embarrased about his height.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.