Modern Hebrew

Contributed by Dmitry Nikolaev (Academia.edu profile)

D.N.'s photo

The data were gathered in 2020 from Haleli Harel. The English version of the questionnaire was used for elicitation.

How to cite

Nikolaev, Dmitry. 2020. Bivalent patterns in Modern Hebrew. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. St. Petersburg: Institute for Linguistic Studies, RAS. (Data first published on July 17, 2020; last revised on June 23, 2022.) (Available online at https://www.bivaltyp.info, Accessed on .)

Basic info

Coordinates: 31.11, 35.02.
Genealogy (as given in WALS). Family: Afro-Asiatic, genus: Semitic.
Macro-area: West Asia and the Caucasus.

Grammar notes

Basic clause structure and the transitive construction

The subject (A- or S-argument) is unflagged. The direct object (P-argument) is either unflagged or flagged by the direct object marker et (Differential Object Marking). The person, number and gender of the subject can be indexed on the verb (the exact combination of features depends on tense and aspect). The two variants of the transitive construction are in (1) and (2).

(1) Pinχas  aχal           tapuaχ  
    PN      eat[PST.3SG.M] apple  
    “Pinchas ate an apple.”

(2) Pinχas  kofef           et ha  anaf  
    PN      bend[PST.3SG.M] DO DEF branch  
    “Pinchas bent the branch.”

Non-core arguments are typically flagged by prepositions.

Case system

There is no morphological case on nouns.

Verb lemmas

Verbs are shown in the inflectional form which is used in the translation of the stimulus sentence, e.g. ‘to eat’ is shown as aχal = [eat.PST.3SG.M].

Glossing abbreviations

1, 2, 3 — first, second, third person; CS — construct state; DEF — definite; DO — direct object; F — feminine; INF — infinitive; M — masculine; PL — plural; PN — person name; POSS — possessive; PRS — present; PST — past; PTCP — participle; SG — singular.

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern

Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain jeʃ

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

le	Pinχas	jeʃ	koev	roʃ
to	pn	there.is[ prs ]	pain	head
‘Pinchas has a headache.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predicate.

2. have (illness) jeʃ

Valency pattern: le_SBJ

X: le

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

le	Pinχas	jeʃ	ʃapaat
to	pn	there.is[ prs ]	flu
‘Pinchas has the flu.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

3. be afraid mefaχed

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi

X: SBJ

Y: mi

Locus: Y

Pinχas	mefaχed	me	ha	kelev
pn	be.afraid[ sg . m ]	from	def	dog
‘Pinchas is afraid of the dog.’

4. throw zarak

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	zarak	even
pn	throw[ pst .3 sg . m ]	stone
‘Pinchas threw a stone.’

5. have enough *

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

aχʃav	jeʃ	le	Pinχas	maspik	kesef
now	there.is[ prs ]	to	pn	enough	money
‘Now Pinchas has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier). Non-verbal predicate.

6. resemble dome

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	dome	le	Menaχem
pn	similar	to	pn
‘Pinchas resembles Menachem.’

7. believe maamin

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	maamin	le	Menaχem
pn	believe[ ptcp . sg . m ]	to	pn
‘Pinchas believes Menachem.’

8. take lakaχ

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	lakaχ	sefer
pn	take[ pst .3 sg . m ]	book
‘Pinchas took a book.’

9. see ro-e

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ro-e	bajt
pn	see[ ptcp ]- sg . m	house
‘Pinchas sees a house.’

10. influence maʃpia

Valency pattern: SBJ_al

X: SBJ

Y: al

Locus: Y

gil	maʃpia	al	ha	zikaron
age	influence[ ptcp . sg . m ]	on	def	memory
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter nitkal

Valency pattern: SBJ_be

X: SBJ

Y: be

Locus: Y

Pinχas	nitkal	be	Menaχem
pn	bump.into[ pst .3 sg . m ]	in	pn
‘Pinchas encountered Menachem.’

12. enter niχnas

Valency pattern: SBJ_el

X: SBJ

Y: el

Locus: Y

Pinχas	niχnas	el	ha	bajt
pn	enter[ pst .3 sg . m ]	towards	def	house
‘Pinchas entered the house.’

13. win nitsaχ

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	nitsaχ	et	Menaχem
pn	beat[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	pn
‘Pinchas beat Menachem.’

14. go out jatsa

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi

X: SBJ

Y: mi

Locus: Y

Pinχas	jatsa	me	ha	bajt
pn	exit[ pst .3 sg . m ]	from	def	house
‘Pinchas went out of the house.’

15. drive movil

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	movil	et	ha	para
pn	drive[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	def	cow
‘Pinchas is driving the cow.’

16. bend kofef

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	kofef	et	ha	anaf
pn	bend[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	branch
‘Pinchas bent the branch.’

17. tell amar

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	amar	le	Menaχem
pn	say[ pst .3 sg . m ]	to	pn
‘Pinchas told Menachem.’

18. hold maχzik

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	maχzik	sefer
pn	hold[ ptcp . sg . m ]	book
‘Pinchas is holding a book.’

19. catch up higia

Valency pattern: SBJ_el

X: SBJ

Y: el

Locus: Y

Pinχas	higia	el	Mirjam
pn	reach[ pst .3 sg . m ]	towards	pn
‘Pinchas caught up with Miriam.’

20. milk χalav

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	χalav	et	ha	para
pn	milk[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	cow
‘Pinchas milked the cow.’

21. reach higia

Valency pattern: SBJ_el

X: SBJ

Y: el

Locus: Y

Pinχas	higia	el	ha	gada
pn	reach[ pst .3 sg . m ]	towards	def	bank
‘Pinchas reached the bank.’

22. touch naga

Valency pattern: SBJ_be

X: SBJ

Y: be

Locus: Y

Pinχas	naga	ba	kir
pn	touch[ pst .3 sg . m ]	in+ def	wall
‘Pinchas touched the wall.’

23. fight rav

Valency pattern: SBJ_im

X: SBJ

Y: im

Locus: Y

Pinχas	rav	im	Menaχem
pn	fight[ ptcp . sg . m ]	with	pn
‘Pinchas is fighting with Menachem.’

24. be friends χaver

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Pinχas	χaver	ʃel	Menaχem
pn	friend	poss	pn
‘Pinchas is friends with Menachem.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

25. think hoʃev

Valency pattern: SBJ_al

X: SBJ

Y: al

Locus: Y

Pinχas	hoʃev	al	Menaχem
pn	think[ ptcp . sg . m ]	on	pn
‘Pinchas is thinking about Menachem.’

26. eat aχal

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	aχal	tapuaχ
pn	eat[ pst .3 sg . m ]	apple
‘Pinchas ate an apple.’

27. fry tigen

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	tigen	et	ha	dag
pn	fry[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	fish
‘Pinchas fried the fish.’

28. wait meχake

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	meχake	le	Menaχem
pn	wait[ ptcp . sg . m ]	to	pn
‘Pinchas is waiting for Menachem.’

29. forget ʃaχaχ

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ʃaχaχ	et	ha	dereχ	ha	aχeret
pn	forget[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	road	def	other
‘Pinchas forgot (about) the other road.’

30. depend taluj

Valency pattern: SBJ_be

X: SBJ

Y: be

Locus: Y

zikaron	taluj	be	gil
memory	dependent	in	age
‘Memory depends on age.’

31. call hitkaʃer

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	hitkaʃer	le	Menaχem
pn	call[ pst .3 sg . m ]	to	pn
‘Pinchas called Menachem.’

32. get to know hikir

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	hikir	et	Menaχem	lifnej	ʃaa
pn	know[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	pn	ago	year
‘Pinchas got to know Menachem a year ago.’

33. know makir

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	makir	et	Menaχem
pn	know[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	pn
‘Pinchas knows Menachem.’

34. play (instrument) menagen

Valency pattern: SBJ_be

X: SBJ

Y: be

Locus: Y

Pinχas	menagen	ba	gitara
pn	play[ ptcp . sg . m ]	in+ def	guitar
‘Pinchas is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid mitχamek

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi

X: SBJ

Y: mi

Locus: Y

Pinχas	mitχamek	mi	Menaχem
pn	avoid[ ptcp . sg . m ]	from	pn
‘Pinchas avoids Menachem.’

36. make heχin

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	heχin	malkodet	aχbar-im
pn	prepare[ pst .3 sg . m ]	trap	mouse- pl
‘Pinchas made a mousetrap.’

37. make fun maknit

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	maknit	et	Menaχem
pn	tease[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	pn
‘Pinchas is making fun of Menachem.’

38. have jeʃ

Valency pattern: le_SBJ

X: le

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

jeʃ	le	Pinχas	meχona
there.is[ prs ]	to	pn	car
‘Pinchas has a car.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

39. look for meχapes

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	meχapes	et	ha	mafteχ-ot	ʃel-o
pn	search[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	def	key- pl	poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas is looking for his keys.’

40. paint tsava

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	tsava	et	ha	gader
pn	paint[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	fence
‘Pinchas painted the fence.’

41. bite naʃaχ

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

kelev	naʃaχ	et	Pinχas
dog	bite[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	pn
‘A dog bit Pinchas.’

42. forfeit ibed

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ibed	et	ha	bajt	ʃel-o
pn	lose[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	house	poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas lost his house.’

43. try to catch menas-e litpos

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	menas-e	litpos	et	ha	χatul
pn	try[ ptcp ]- sg . m	catch[ inf ]	do	def	cat
‘Pinchas is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break ʃavar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ʃavar	makel
pn	break[ pst .3 sg . m ]	stick
‘Pinchas broke a stick.’

45. flatter maχmi

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	maχmi	le	Menaχem
pn	flatter[ ptcp . sg . m ]	to	pn
‘Pinchas is flattering Menachem.’

46. love (person) ohev

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ohev	et	Menaχem
pn	love[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	pn
‘Pinchas loves Menachem.’

47. wave menofef

Valency pattern: SBJ_be

X: SBJ

Y: be

Locus: Y

Pinχas	menofef	be	mitpaχat
pn	wave[ ptcp . sg . m ]	in	handkerchief
‘Pinchas is waving a handkerchief.’

48. dream χolem

Valency pattern: SBJ_al

X: SBJ

Y: al

Locus: Y

Pinχas	χolem	al	meχonit	χadaʃa
pn	dream[ ptcp . sg . m ]	on	car	new
‘Pinchas is dreaming of a new car.’

49. wash ʃataf

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ʃataf	et	ha	kos
pn	wash[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	cup
‘Pinchas washed the cup.’

50. put on lavaʃ

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	lavaʃ	et	miχnasa-v
pn	put.on[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	trousers- poss .3 sg . m . pl
‘Pinchas put on his trousers.’

51. be called kor-im

Valency pattern: le_DO

X: le

Y: DO

Locus: X

le	kli	ha	z-e	kor-im	matspen
to	instrument	def	this[ sg ]- m	call- pl	compass
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

52. punish heenish

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	heenish	et	ha	ben	ʃel-o
pn	punish[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	son	poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas punished his son.’

53. attack takaf

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

dav	takaf	dajag
bear	attack[ pst .3 sg . m ]	fisherman
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) hitmale

Valency pattern: SBJ_be

X: SBJ

Y: be

Locus: Y

ha	dli	hitmale	be	maim
def	bucket	fill[ pst .3 sg . m ]	in	water
‘The bucket filled with water.’

55. find matsa

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	matsa	et	ha	mafteχ-ot	ʃel-o
pn	find[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	key- pl	poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas found his keys.’

56. be short χaser

Valency pattern: le_SBJ

X: le

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

χaser	le	Pinχas	juro	eχad
is.lacking	to	pn	euro	one
‘Pinchas is one euro short.’

57. hate sone

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	sone	et	Menaχem
pn	hate[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	pn
‘Pinchas hates Menachem.’

58. like ohev

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ohev	et	ha	χultsa	ha	z-o
pn	love[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	def	shirt	def	this[ sg ]- f
‘Pinchas likes this shirt.’

59. need tsariχ

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	tsariχ	kesef
pn	need[ ptcp . sg . m ]	money
‘Pinchas needs money.’

60. surround makif-ot

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

χom-ot	makif-ot	et	ha	ir
wall- pl	surround[ ptcp ]- pl . f	do	def	city
‘Walls surround the city.’

61. remain niʃar-u

Valency pattern: le_SBJ

X: le

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

niʃar-u	le	Pinχas	asara	juro
be.left-3 pl	to	pn	ten[ m ]	euro
‘Pinchas has ten euro left.’

62. answer ana

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	ana	le	more
pn	respond[ pst .3 sg . m ]	to	teacher
‘Pinchas answered the teacher.’

63. open pataχ

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	pataχ	paχit
pn	open[ pst .3 sg . m ]	can
‘Pinchas opened a can.’

64. be different ʃone

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi

X: SBJ

Y: mi

Locus: Y

lo	ha	χultsa	ʃel-i	ʃone	mi	ʃel-χa
no	def	shirt	poss -1 sg	different	from	poss -2 sg . m
‘No, my shirt is different from yours.’

65. fall behind piger

Valency pattern: SBJ_axarej

X: SBJ

Y: axarej

Locus: Y

Pinχas	piger	aχarej	Menaχem
pn	lag[ pst .3 sg . m ]	after	pn
‘Pinchas fell behind Menachem.’

66. plough χoreʃ

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	χoreʃ	et	ha	sade
pn	plow[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	def	field
‘Pinchas is ploughing the field.’

67. smell meriχ-ot

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi

X: SBJ

Y: mi

Locus: Y

ha	jad-ajim	ʃel-i	meriχ-ot	mi	delek
def	hand- pl	poss -1 sg	smell[ ptcp ]- pl . f	from	gasoline
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’

68. cross χatsa

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	χatsa	et	ha	reχov
pn	cross[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	street
‘Pinchas crossed the road.’

69. sing ʃar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ʃar	ʃir	jafe
pn	sing[ pst .3 sg . m ]	song	beautiful
‘Pinchas sang a beautiful song.’

70. write katav

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	katav	miχtav
pn	write[ pst .3 sg . m ]	letter
‘Pinchas wrote a letter.’

71. drink ʃata

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ʃata	et	ha	χalav
pn	drink[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	milk
‘Pinchas drank the milk.’

72. melt hitiχ

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	hitiχ	pisa-t	oferet
pn	melt[ pst .3 sg . m ]	piece- cs	lead
‘Pinchas melted a piece of lead.’

73. match matim-a

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

ha	χagora	ha	z-o	matim-a	le	simla	ʃel-i
def	belt	def	this[ sg ]- f	fit[ ptcp . sg ]- f	to	dress	poss -1 sg
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’

74. leave azav

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	azav	et	ir	uledat-o
pn	leave[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	city	birth- poss .3 sg . m
‘Pinchas left his native city.’

75. cover meχas-e

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

ha	ʃatiaχ	meχas-e	et	kol	ha	ritspa
def	carptet	cover[ ptcp . sg ]- m	do	whole	def	floor
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember zoχer

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	zoχer	tov	et	ha	bajt
pn	remember[ ptcp . sg . m ]	good	do	def	house
‘Pinchas remembers the house well.’

77. help azar

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	azar	le	Menaχem
pn	help[ pst .3 sg . m ]	to	pn
‘Pinchas helped Menachem.’

78. understand (language) mevin

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	mevin	tsarfatit
pn	understand[ ptcp . sg . m ]	f rench
‘Pinchas understands French.’

79. hit (target) paga

Valency pattern: SBJ_be

X: SBJ

Y: be

Locus: Y

barak	paga	ba	bajt
lightning	hit[ pst .3 sg . m ]	in+ def	house
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself χataχ et atsm-o

Valency pattern: SBJ_im

X: SBJ

Y: im

Locus: Y

Pinχas	χataχ	et	atsm-o	im	taar
pn	cut[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	self-3 sg . m	with	razor
‘Pinchas cut himself with a razor.’

81. get stuck nidbak-a

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

ha	kos	nidbak-a	le	ʃulχan
def	glass	get.stuck[ pst ]-3 sg . f	to	table
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game) ifsid

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	ifsid	le	Menaχem
pn	lose[ pst .3 sg . m ]	to	pn
‘Pinchas lost to Menachem.’

83. be glad samaχ

Valency pattern: SBJ_legabej

X: SBJ

Y: legabej

Locus: Y

Pinχas	samaχ	legabej	ha	miχtav
pn	be.glad[ pst .3 sg . m ]	about	def	letter
‘Pinchas was glad about the letter.’

84. speak medaber

Valency pattern: SBJ_im

X: SBJ

Y: im

Locus: Y

Pinχas	medaber	im	Menaχem
pn	speak[ ptcp . sg . m ]	with	pn
‘Pinchas is speaking with Menachem.’

85. give birth jald-a

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Mirjam	jald-a	ben
pn	give.birth[ pst ]-3 sg . f	son
‘Miriam gave birth to a son.’

86. drop hipil

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	hipil	et	ha	kos
pn	drop[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	glass
‘Pinchas dropped the glass.’

87. govern menahel

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	menahel	et	ha	ir	ʃel-anu
pn	manage[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	def	city	poss -1 pl
‘Pinchas runs our town.’

88. miss mitgagea

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	mitgagea	le	Menaχem
pn	miss[ ptcp . sg . m ]	to	pn
‘Pinchas misses Menachem.’

89. follow okev

Valency pattern: SBJ_axarej

X: SBJ

Y: axarej

Locus: Y

Pinχas	okev	aχarej	Menaχem
pn	follow[ ptcp . sg . m ]	after	pn
‘Pinchas follows Menachem.’

90. dismount jarad

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi

X: SBJ

Y: mi

Locus: Y

Pinχas	jarad	me	ha	sus
pn	descend[ pst .3 sg . m ]	from	def	horse
‘Pinchas got down from the horse.’

91. listen makʃiv

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	makʃiv	le	radio
pn	listen[ ptcp . sg . m ]	to	radio
‘Pinchas is listening to radio.’

92. obey makʃiv

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	tamid	makʃiv	le	ima	ʃel-o
pn	always	listen[ ptcp . sg . m ]	to	mother	poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas always listens to his mother.’

93. hear shomea

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	shomea	et	ha	muzika
pn	hear[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	def	music
‘Pinchas hears the music.’

94. mix hitarbev

Valency pattern: SBJ_im

X: SBJ

Y: im

Locus: Y

ha	dvaʃ	hitarbev	im	ha	χalav
def	honey	get.mixed[ pst .3 sg . m ]	with	def	milk
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look mistakel

Valency pattern: SBJ_al

X: SBJ

Y: al

Locus: Y

Pinχas	mistakel	al	ha	anan-im
pn	look[ ptcp . sg . m ]	on	def	cloud- pl
‘Pinchas is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off paʃat

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	paʃat	et	ha	χultsa	ʃel-o
pn	take.off[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	shirt	poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) χolem-et

Valency pattern: SBJ_al

X: SBJ

Y: al

Locus: Y

Pinχas	χolem	al	Mirjam
pn	dream[ ptcp . sg . m ]	on	pn
‘Pinchas dreams about Miriam.’

98. agree hiskim

Valency pattern: SBJ_im

X: SBJ

Y: im

Locus: Y

Pinχas	hiskim	im	Menaχem
pn	agree[ pst .3 sg . m ]	with	pn
‘Pinchas agreed with Menachem.’

99. have a quarrel rav

Valency pattern: SBJ_im

X: SBJ

Y: im

Locus: Y

Pinχas	rav	im	Menaχem
pn	quarrel[ pst .3 sg . m ]	with	pn
‘Pinchas had a quarrel with Menachem.’

100. cost ol-a

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

ha	kos	ha	z-ot	ol-a	juro
def	cup	def	this[ sg ]- f	cost[ ptcp ]- sg . f	euro
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’

101. shoot at jara

Valency pattern: SBJ_be

X: SBJ

Y: be

Locus: Y

Pinχas	jara	be	tsipor
pn	shoot[ pst .3 sg . m ]	in	bird
‘Pinchas shot at the bird.’

102. pour ʃafaχ

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ʃafaχ	et	ha	sukar
pn	pour[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	sugar
‘Pinchas poured the sugar.’

103. lose ibed

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ibed	et	ha	mafteχ-ot	ʃel-o
pn	lose[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	key- pl	poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas lost his keys.’

104. sink ʃaka

Valency pattern: SBJ_be

X: SBJ

Y: be

Locus: Y

bul	ha	ets	ʃaka	ba	maim
log1	def	log2	sink[ pst .3 sg . m ]	in+ def	water
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill harag

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	harag	et	Menaχem
pn	kill[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	pn
‘Pinchas killed Menachem.’

106. hit hika

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	hika	et	Menaχem
pn	hit[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	pn
‘Pinchas hit Menachem.’

107. kiss niʃek

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	niʃek	et	Menaχem
pn	kiss[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	pn
‘Pinchas kissed Menachem.’

108. read kara

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	kara	sefer	meanjen
pn	read[ pst .3 sg . m ]	book	interesting
‘Pinchas read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) heevir

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	heevir	et	etsba-o
pn	move[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	finger- poss .3 sg . m
‘Pinchas moved his finger.’

110. respect meχabed

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	meχabed	et	Menaχem
pn	respect[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	pn
‘Pinchas respects Menachem.’

111. be squeamish nirta

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi

X: SBJ

Y: mi

Locus: Y

Pinχas	nirta	mi	kel-im	meluχlaχ-im
pn	be.afraid[ ptcp . sg . m ]	from	dish- pl	dirty- pl
‘Pinchas is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content merutse

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi

X: SBJ

Y: mi

Locus: Y

Pinχas	merutse	me	ha	ben	ʃel-o
pn	satisfied	from	def	son	poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas is satisfied with his son.’

113. fall in love hitahev

Valency pattern: SBJ_be

X: SBJ

Y: be

Locus: Y

Pinχas	hitahev	be	Menaχem
pn	fall.in.love[ pst .3 sg . m ]	in	pn
‘Pinchas fell in love with Menachem.’

114. trust someχ

Valency pattern: SBJ_al

X: SBJ

Y: al

Locus: Y

Pinχas	someχ	al	Menaχem
pn	trust[ ptcp . sg . m ]	on	pn
‘Pinchas trusts Menachem.’

115. sympathise meraxem

Valency pattern: SBJ_al

X: SBJ

Y: al

Locus: Y

Pinχas	meraχem	al	im-o
pn	sympathise[ ptcp . sg . m ]	on	mother- poss .3 sg . m
‘Pinchas sympathises with his mother.’

116. envy mekan-e

Valency pattern: SBJ_be

X: SBJ

Y: be

Locus: Y

Pinχas	mekan-e	be	Menaχem
pn	envy[ ptcp ]- sg . m	in	pn
‘Pinchas envies Menachem.’

117. be angry koes

Valency pattern: SBJ_al

X: SBJ

Y: al

Locus: Y

Pinχas	koes	al	Menaχem
pn	be.angry[ ptcp . sg . m ]	on	pn
‘Pinchas is angry with Menachem.’

118. be surprised hufta

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi

X: SBJ

Y: mi

Locus: Y

Pinχas	hufta	me	ha	matana	ha	z-o
pn	be.surprised[ pst .3 sg . m ]	from	def	gift	def	this- sg . f
‘Pinchas was surprised at this gift.’

119. love (tea) ohev

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ohev	te
pn	love[ ptcp . sg . m ]	tea
‘Pinchas loves tea.’

120. enjoy nehene

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi

X: SBJ

Y: mi

Locus: Y

Pinχas	nehene	me	ha	te	ha	χam
pn	enjoy[ ptcp . sg . m ]	from	def	tea	def	hot
‘Pinchas enjoys hot tea.’

121. want rots-e

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	rots-e	telefon	najad	χadaʃ
pn	want[ ptcp . sg ]- m	phone	mobile	new
‘Pinchas wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge noter tina

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	noter	tina	le	Menaχem
pn	guard[ ptcp . sg . m ]	malice	to	pn
‘Pinchas holds a grudge against Menachem.’

123. take offence nifga

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi

X: SBJ

Y: mi

Locus: Y

Pinχas	nifga	mi	Menaχem
pn	be.offended[ pst .3 sg . m ]	from	pn
‘Pinchas took offence at Menachem.’

124. upset hirgiz

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	hirgiz	meod	et	Mirjam
pn	upset[ pst .3 sg . m ]	much	do	pn
‘Pinchas greatly upset Miriam.’

125. marvel hitraʃem

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi

X: SBJ

Y: mi

Locus: Y

Pinχas	hitraʃem	me	ha	ir	ha	z-o
pn	be.impressed[ pst .3 sg . m ]	from	def	town	def	this- sg . f
‘Pinchas was impressed by this town.’

126. despise metaev

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	metaev	et	Menaχem
pn	despise[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	pn
‘Pinchas despises Menachem.’

127. get upset hitatsben

Valency pattern: SBJ_al

X: SBJ

Y: al

Locus: Y

Pinχas	hitatsben	al	ha	ben	ʃel-o
pn	become.annoyed[ pst .3 sg . m ]	on	def	son	poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas got upset with his son.’

128. get irritated mitatsben

Valency pattern: SBJ_al

X: SBJ

Y: al

Locus: Y

Pinχas	mitatsben	al	ha	bat	ʃel-o
pn	become.annoyed[ ptcp . sg . m ]	on	def	daughter	poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas is getting irritated with his daughter.’

129. be fond meχabev

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	meχabev	et	Menaχem
pn	like[ ptcp . sg . m ]	do	pn
‘Pinchas is fond of Menachem.’

130. be shy mitbajeʃ

Valency pattern: SBJ_be

X: SBJ

Y: be

Locus: Y

Pinχas	mitbajeʃ	ba	gova	ʃel-o
pn	be.ashamed[ ptcp . sg . m ]	in+ def	height	poss -3 sg . m
‘Pinchas is embarrased about his height.’