BivalTyp

Лаборатория типологического изучения языков    Институт лингвистических исследований РАН

Archi

Contributed by Michael Daniel.

M.D.'s photo

The data were gathered in 2018. The Russian version of the questionnaire was used for elicitation.

How to cite

Daniel, Michael. 2023. Bivalent patterns in Archi. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. (Data first published on November 20, 2023; last revised on December 3, 2023.) (Available online at https://www.bivaltyp.info, Accessed on )

Basic info

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern
Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
patʼimal-li-n oˁnt acːʼar-ši
pn - obl - gen head ache- cvb . ipfv (4.be)
‘Patimat has a headache.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level constituent.

2. have (illness)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
patʼimal-li-s grip qˁa-li
pn - obl - dat influenza 4.come. pfv - cvb ( evid )
‘Patimat has the flu.’

3. be afraid

Valency pattern: NOM_COMP
X: NOM
Y: COMP
Locus: Y
patʼimat gʷači-li-χur ʟʼinčʼar
pn dog- obl - comp be.afraid
‘Patimat is afraid of the dog.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative").

4. throw

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu čʼele kammu
pn - obl ( erg ) stone throw. pfv
‘Pasha threw a stone.’

5. have enough

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
patʼimal-li-s arsi aχˁ-ši
pn - obl - dat money be.enough- cvb . ipfv (4.be)
‘Patimat has enough money.’

6. resemble

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUP.LAT
Locus: Y
paša ɬːʷaːna moħommad-li-tː-ik
pn be.similar pn - obl - sup - lat
‘Pasha resembles Muhammad.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative").

7. believe

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP
X: NOM
Y: SUP
Locus: Y
patʼimat wiχ moħommad-li-t
pn be.trusting pn - obl - sup
‘Patimat believes Muhammad.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative").

8. take

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
patʼimat-li qʼonqʼ χːa
pn - obl ( erg ) book 4.take. pfv
‘Patimat took a book.’

9. see

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
patʼimat-li-s noʟʼ akːu-r-ši
pn - obl - dat house 4.see- ipfv - cvb . ipfv (4.be)
‘Patimat sees a house.’

10. influence

Valency pattern: NOM_GENlwana
X: NOM
Y: GENlwana
Locus: Y
pahmu ʕummul-li-n ɬːʷaːna b-ikir
age life- obl - gen according 3-be. iter
‘Age influences memory.’
Note: ɬːʷaːna functions as a postposition (not separable from the NP).

11. encounter

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
patimat-li-s moħommad χu
pn - obl - dat pn 1.find. pfv
‘Patimat encountered Muhammad.’

12. enter

Valency pattern: NOM_IN.LAT
X: NOM
Y: IN.LAT
Locus: Y
moħommad noʟʼ-a-k čʼutːe
pn house- in - lat 1.enter. pfv
‘Muhammad entered the house.’

13. win

Valency pattern: NOM_COMP
X: NOM
Y: COMP
Locus: Y
paša χʷa moħommad-li-χur
pn 1.win. pfv pn - obl - comp
‘Pasha beat Muhammad.’

14. go out

Valency pattern: NOM_IN.EL
X: NOM
Y: IN.EL
Locus: Y
paša tukan-na-š čʼelle-ši uʟni
pn shop- in - el outside- a ll 1.go.out. pfv
‘Pasha went out of the shop.’

15. drive

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša χˁon b-a<r>kʼu-r-ši w-i
pn cow 3-< ipfv >drive- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be
‘Pasha is driving the cow.’
Note: Binominative construction resolves into transitive.

16. bend

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu χol boqʼˁo
pn - obl ( erg ) branch bend. pfv
‘Pasha bent the branch.’

17. tell

Valency pattern: ERG_CONT.ALL
X: ERG
Y: CONT.ALL
Locus: Y
paša-mu moħommad-li-r-ši bo
pn - obl ( erg ) pn - obl - cont - all say. pfv
‘Pasha told Muhammad.’

18. hold

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
patʼimat-li qʼonqʼ so-li
pn - obl ( erg ) book take. pfv - cvb ( evid )
‘Pasha is holding a book.’
Note: Resultative construction.

19. catch up

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
paša moħommad-li-s χir i-w-di
pn pn - obl - dat behind become-1- pfv
‘Pasha caught up with Muhammad.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (adverbial element + 'become'). The NP in the dative case can be omitted.

20. milk

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
patʼimat-li χˁon b-acu
pn - obl ( erg ) cow 3-milk. pfv
‘Patimat milked the cow.’

21. reach

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC.LAT
X: NOM
Y: LOC.LAT
Locus: Y
patʼimat sːobtːa-k e-r-di
pn edge. loc - lat reach-2- pfv
‘Patimat reached the bank.’

22. touch

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
patʼimat-li čʼeˁn-ni-s qˁečbo
pn - obl ( erg ) wall- obl - dat touch. pfv
‘Patimat touched the wall.’

23. fight

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
paša anχːa-r-ši w-i  moħommad-li-ɬːu
pn fight- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be pn - obl - com
‘Pasha is fighting with Muhammad.’

24. be friends

Valency pattern: GEN_COM
X: GEN
Y: COM
Locus: XY
paša-n halmaχ-kul i moħommad-li-ɬːu
pn - gen friend- nmlz 4.cop pn - obl - com
‘Pasha is friends with Muhammad.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument.

25. think

Valency pattern: NOM_DATxir
X: NOM
Y: DATxir
Locus: Y
paša w-arhar-ši w-i moħommad-li-s χir
pn 1-think- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be pn - obl - dat after
‘Pasha is thinking about Muhammad.’
Note: The NP in the dative case cannot be separated from the “χir” element. The combination of the dative case and “χir” is analyzed as an argument-encoding device.

26. eat

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu aˁnš kunne
pn - obl ( erg ) apple 4.eat. pfv
‘Pasha ate an apple.’

27. fry

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu χˁabχˁi čʼarqʼas a<b>u
pn - obl ( erg ) fish fry <3>do. pfv
‘Pasha fried the fish.’

28. wait

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUP.LAT
Locus: Y
paša su<w>kːa-r-ši w-i moħommad-l-tːi-k
pn <1>look- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be pn - obl - sup - lat
‘Pasha is waiting for Muhammad.’

29. forget

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s osːu-b deqʼˁ e<b>χni-li
pn - dat other-3 way <3>forget. pfv - cvb ( evid )
‘Pasha forgot about the other road.’

30. depend

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUP.LAT
Locus: Y
pahmu-li-n heʟʼən ʕummal-li-tː-ik aču-tːu-t i
memory- obl - gen thing life- obl - sup - lat 4.throw- attr -4 4.be
‘Memory depends on age.’
Note: heʟʼən functions as an empty head.

31. call

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu moħommad zappo
pn - obl ( erg ) pn call. pfv
‘Pasha called Muhammad.’

32. get to know

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s moħommad sin i<w>tːi šʷaˁš
pn - dat pn know <1>become. pfv last.year
‘Pasha got to know Muhammad a year ago.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative" + 'become').

33. know

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s moħommad sini
pn - dat pn know
‘Pasha knows Muhammad.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative").

34. play (instrument)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša mandalin da<b>χi-r-ši w-i 
pn mandolin <3>hit- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be
‘Pasha is playing the mandolin.’
Note: Binominative construction resolves into transitive.

35. avoid

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
paša moħommad-li-s w-akːu-s w-e<r>qʼə-r-ši w-i-tʼu
pn pn - obl - dat 1-see- inf 1-< ipfv >reach- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be- neg
‘Pasha avoids Muhammad.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause.

36. make

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu bomba a<b>u
pn - obl ( erg ) bomba <3>do. pfv
‘Pasha made a bomb.’

37. make fun

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu moħommad iqʼiˁl wa-r-ši w-i
pn - obl ( erg ) pn mock 1-do- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be
‘Pasha is making fun of Muhammad.’

38. have

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-n mašin i
pn - gen care 4.be
‘Pasha has a car.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level constituent.

39. look for

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša nakʼəm-mul irkːu-r-ši w-i
pn key- pl npl -seek- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be
‘Pasha is looking for his keys.’
Note: Binominative construction resolves into transitive.

40. paint

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu čʼer be-ɬde
pn - obl ( erg ) wall 3-paint. pfv
‘Pasha painted the fence.’

41. bite

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša gʷači-li w-eqːʼu
pn dog- obl ( erg ) 1-bite. pfv
‘A dog bit Pasha.’

42. forfeit

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
paša noʟʼ i-tʼuw i<w>χːu
pn house 4.be- cvb . neg <1>remain. pfv
‘Pasha lost his house.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause.

43. try to catch

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša gatu ba-sa-r-ši w-i
pn cat 3-cacth- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be
‘Pasha is trying to catch the cat.’
Note: Binominative construction resolves into transitive.

44. break

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu kʼuħan aqˁu
pn - obl ( erg ) stick 4.break. pfv
‘Pasha broke a stick.’

45. flatter

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

46. love (person)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
moħommad-li-s patʼimat ʟʼan-ši d-i
pn - obl - dat pn love- cvb . ipfv 2-be
‘Muhammad loves Patimat.’

47. wave

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
patʼimat-li gatʼ lapʼa-r-ši b-i
pn - obl ( erg ) shawl wave- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 3-be
‘Pasha is waving a shawl.’

48. dream

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
patʼimat-li-s noˁš ʟʼan-ši b-i
pn - obl - dat horse want- cvb . ipfv 3-be
‘Pasha is dreaming of a horse.’

49. wash

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu gruška čučəbo
pn - obl ( erg ) gruška wash. pfv
‘Pasha washed the cup.’

50. put on

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu paˁtːəl b-uwʟu
pn - obl ( erg ) trousers 3-put.on. pfv
‘Pasha put on his trousers.’

51. be called

Valency pattern: SUP.LAT_NOM
X: SUP.LAT_NOM
Y: NOM
Locus: X
jamu-t-mi-tː-ik kompas war
this-4- obl - sup - lat compass say. ipfv
‘This is called a compass.’
Note: This is a transimpersonal construction. It is not clear whether the NP in the nominative case shares syntactic properties with other nominative NPs.

52. punish

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
zari un nakazat u-w-li
i . erg you. sg ( nom ) punish[ r ] do. pfv -1- cvb . evid
‘I punished you.’

53. attack

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUP.LAT
Locus: Y
χːams χaˁbχˁ-du sa-r-tːu-m-mu-tː-ik tʼankʼ bo
bear fish- pl npl .catch- ipfv - attr -1- obl - sup - lat jump say. pfv
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’

54. fill (intr)

Valency pattern: NOM_ERG
X: NOM
Y: ERG
Locus: Y
budra ɬːenne a<b>cʼu-li
bucket water. o bl( erg ) <3>fill. pfv - cvb ( evid )
‘The bucket filled with water.’

55. find

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s nakʼəm-mul χo
pn - dat key- pl npl .find. pfv
‘Pasha found his keys.’

56. be short

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s os dollar b-aχˁ be-ke-r-ši b-i-tʼu
pn - dat one dollar 3-be.sufficient 3-become- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 3-be- neg
‘Pasha is one dollar short.’

57. hate

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s marin mu-tʼu-ši d-akːu-r-ši d-i
pn - dat pn be.good- n eg- cvb . ipfv 2-see- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 2-be
‘Pasha hates Marina.’

58. like

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s ja-b χˁošon mu-ši b-akːu-r
pn - dat this-3 shirt be.good- cvb . ipfv 3-see- ipfv
‘Pasha likes this shirt.’

59. need

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s arsi kʷatʼ-ši i
pn - dat money need- cvb . ipfv 4.be
‘Pasha needs money.’

60. surround

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
šahru čʼel-li kʷe<b>kdə-li
town wall- obl ( erg ) <3>spin. pfv - cvb ( evid )
‘Walls surround the city.’

61. remain

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-n wijcʼ-a<b>u dollar e<b>χːu-li
pn - gen ten-<3> ptcl dollar <3>remain. pfv - cvb ( evid )
‘Pasha has ten dollars left.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level constituent.

62. answer

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
paša-mu učitel-li-s žawab ʟo
pn - obl ( erg ) teacher- obl - dat answer 4.give. pfv
‘Pasha answered the teacher.’

63. open

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu bankːa dabɬu
pn - obl ( erg ) jar open. pfv
‘Pasha opened a jar.’

64. be different

Valency pattern: NOM_COMP
X: NOM
Y: COMP
Locus: Y
b-is χˁošon utːo-m-mi-χur χːˁoro-ši b-i
3- i . gen shirt your-3- obl - comp be.different- cvb . ipfv 3-be
‘My shirt is different from yours.’

65. fall behind

Valency pattern: NOM_COMP
X: NOM
Y: COMP
Locus: Y
paša marin-ni-χur χir i<w>χːu
pn pn - obl - comp behind <1>remain. pfv
‘Pasha fell behind Marina.’
Note: χir is part of the predicate (an adverbial element). The NP in the dative case can be omitted.

66. plough

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša uχ hija-r-ši w-i 
pn field plow- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be
‘Pasha is ploughing the field.’
Note: Binominative construction resolves into transitive.

67. smell

Valency pattern: SUP.EL_GEN
X: SUP.EL
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
is kurʁul-če-tːi-š bənzin-ni-n di carχa-r-ši
npl . i . gen hand. p l- obl . pl - sup - el gas- obl - gen smell 4.< ipfv >throw- ipfv - cvb . ipfv (4.be)
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument.

68. cross

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu deqʼˁ a<b>tʼu
pn - obl ( erg ) way <3>cut. pfv
‘Pasha crossed the road.’

69. sing

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu mu-tːu-t lagum χabu
pn - obl ( erg ) be.good- attr -4 song sing. pfv
‘Pasha sang a beautiful song.’

70. write

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu kaʁər ši a<b>u
pn - obl ( erg ) paper write <3>do. pfv
‘Pasha wrote a letter.’

71. drink

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu naˁʟʼ cʼabu
pn - obl ( erg ) milk drink. pfv
‘Pasha drank the milk.’

72. melt

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu tʼeˁčʼu cʼa-sː aw
pn - obl ( erg ) lead 4.thaw- inf 4.do. pfv
‘Pasha melted a piece of lead.’

73. match

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
ja-t qʼˁotʼol b-is χːaˁšna-s tʼalek i
this-4 belt 3- i . gen dress. obl - dat correctly 4.be
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

74. leave

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu žu-n-u<b>u šahru b-ocər a<b>tːi
pn - obl ( erg ) self- gen -<3> ptcl town 3-leave <3>let. pfv
‘Pasha left his native city.’

75. cover

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
diwin-ni obšːi qʼatːu noʟʼ ca<r>qˁa-r-ši
carpet- obl ( erg ) all down room < ipfv >hide- ipfv - cvb . ipfv (4.be)
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s mu-ši ikʼm=i žu-n-tʼu noʟʼ
pn - dat be.good- cvb . ipfv heart. loc =4.be self. m - gen -4. ptcl house
‘Pasha remembers the house well.’

77. help

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
paša-mu marin-ni-s kumak a<b>u
pn - obl ( erg ) pn - obl - dat help <3>do. pfv
‘Pasha helped Marina.’

78. understand (language)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s francija-li-n čʼat sini
pn - dat f rance- obl - gen language know
‘Pasha understands the French language.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative").

79. hit (target)

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
parəl noʟʼ-li-s caχu
lightning house- obl - dat 4.hit. pfv
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
paša-n močʼor χːartʼa-r-tːu-t-mi-tː-iš bi ba-qˁa-li
pn - gen beard shave- ipfv - attr -4- obl - sup - el blood 3-come. pfv - cvb ( evid )
‘There is blood coming off Pasha’s razor.’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence.

81. get stuck

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
istəkan ustul-li-s eχdi-li
glass table- obl - dat 4.climb. pfv - cvb ( evid )
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game)

Valency pattern: NOM_COMP
X: NOM
Y: COMP
Locus: Y
paša marin-ni-χur uqːʼˁa
pn pn - obl - comp 1.lose. pfv
‘Pasha lost to Marina.’

83. be glad

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUP.EL
Locus: Y
paša kaʁal-li-tː-iš χːʷar i<w>tːi
pn paper- obl - sup - el be.glad 1.become. pfv
‘Pasha was glad about the letter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative" + 'become').

84. speak

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
paša marin-ni-ɬːu baˁbuˁ-r-ši w-i 
pn pn - obl - com talk- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be
‘Pasha is speaking with Marina.’

85. give birth

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
marin-ni-s wišdu uw
pn - obl - dat son 1.do. pfv
‘Marina gave birth to a son.’

86. drop

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu istəkan ek-as aw
pn - obl ( erg ) glass 4.fall- inf 4.do. pfv
‘Pasha dropped the glass.’

87. govern

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
paša olo duχːul-li-n doːˁzu
pn 4.we. gen village- obl - gen be.big. attr
‘Pasha runs our village.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

88. miss

Valency pattern: NOM_DATxir
X: NOM
Y: DATxir
Locus: Y
paša marin-ni-s χir bazar-ši w-i
pn pn - obl - dat behind be.missing- cvb . ipfv 1-be
‘Pasha misses Marina.’
Note: The NP in the dative case cannot be separated from the “χir” element. The combination of the dative case and “χir” is analyzed as an argument-encoding device.

89. follow

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
paša marin-ni-s χir su<w>kːa-r-ši w-i
pn pn - obl - dat behind <1>look- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be
‘Pasha follows Marina.’
Note: χir is part of the predicate (an adverbial element). The NP in the dative case can be separated from the “χir” element.

90. dismount

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUP.EL
Locus: Y
paša noˁši-tː-iš u<w>χːˁu
pn horse. o bl- sup - el <1>go.down. pfv
‘Pasha got down from the horse.’

91. listen

Valency pattern: ERG_SUP.LAT
X: ERG
Y: SUP.LAT
Locus: Y
paša radio-li-tːi-k oj aču-li w-i 
pn radio- obl - sup - lat ear 4.throw. pfv - cvb . pfv 1-be
‘Pasha is listening to radio.’
Note: Binominative construction resolves into transitive.

92. obey

Valency pattern: ERG_SUP.LAT
X: ERG
Y: SUP.LAT
Locus: Y
paša-mu buwa-tːi-k oj a<r>č-ar
pn - obl ( erg ) mother- sup - lat ear 4.< ipfv >throw- ipfv
‘Pasha listens to his mother.’

93. hear

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s lagum-mul ko-r-ši
pn - dat song- pl npl .hear- ipfv - cvb . ipfv ( npl .be)
‘Pasha hears the music.’

94. mix

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
imcʼ neˁʟʼə-ɬːu ɬːoχˁu-li
honey milk. obl - com 4.mix. pfv - cvb . evid
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUP.LAT
Locus: Y
paša doɬːor-če-tːi-k su<w>kːa-r-ši w-i 
pn cloud. pl - obl . p l- sup - lat <1>look- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be
‘Pasha is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu χːoˁšon b-aχːa a<b>u
pn - obl ( erg ) shirt 3-away <3>do. pfv
‘Pasha took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s marin mikʼir d-akːu-r-ši d-i
pn - dat pn in.the.dream 2-see- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 2-be
‘Pasha dreams about Marina.’

98. agree

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
paša marina-ɬːu raˁzi i<w>tːi
pn pn - com agree <1>become. pfv
‘Pasha agreed with Marina.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative" + 'become').

99. have a quarrel

Valency pattern: GEN_COM
X: GEN
Y: COM
Locus: XY
paša-n duʕilas etːi marin-ni-ɬːu
pn - gen conflict 4.become. pfv pn - obl - com
‘Pasha had a quarrel with Marina.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative" + 'become').

100. cost

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP
X: NOM
Y: SUP
Locus: Y
ja-t gruška os dollal-li-t i
this-4 mug one dollar- obl - sup 4.be
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

101. shoot at

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
paša-mu nacʼa-s kammu, ammo bo-sːo-tʼu
pn - obl ( erg ) bird. o bl- dat throw. pfv but 3-catch. pfv - neg
‘Pasha shot at the bird but he missed’

102. pour

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu pisokʼ a<b>ču
pn - obl ( erg ) sugar <3>throw. pfv
‘Pasha poured the sugar into the cup.’

103. lose

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-n nakʼən i-tʼ-etːi
pn - gen key be- neg -4.become. pfv
‘Pasha lost his keys.’
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument.

104. sink

Valency pattern: NOM_INTER
X: NOM
Y: INTER
Locus: Y
šaˁtːi-li-n qʼˁartʼi ɬːenne-qˁ oqːʼˁu-li oqˁa
beam- obl - gen roller water. obl - inter 4.go.down. pfv - cvb 4.go. pfv
‘The log sank in the water.’
Note: It is not entirely clear whether the first NP conventionally denotes a wooden log.

105. kill

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu muħammad u<w>ču
pn - obl ( erg ) pn <1>kill. pfv
‘Pasha killed Muhammad.’

106. hit

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
paša-mu muħammad-li-s daχdi
pn - obl ( erg ) pn - obl - dat 4.hit. pfv
‘Pasha hit Muhammad.’

107. kiss

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu marin hijtbo
pn - obl ( erg ) pn kiss. pfv
‘Pasha kissed Marina.’

108. read

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu mu-tːu-t qʼonqʼ oʟəni
pn - obl ( erg ) be.good- attr -4 book 4.read. pfv
‘Pasha read a good book.’

109. move (bodypart)

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
paša-mu gon χːəriχː a<b>u
pn - obl ( erg ) finger move <3>do. pfv
‘Pasha moved his finger.’

110. respect

Valency pattern: ERG_GEN
X: ERG
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
paša-mu marin-ni-n qʼimat b-a-r
pn - obl ( erg ) pn - obl - gen respect 3-do- ipfv
‘Pasha respects Marina.’
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level constituent.

111. be squeamish

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
paša-s qʼˁabʁˁ-du-t gel kʼočʼo ʟʼan ke-r-tʼu
pn - dat be.dirty- attr - npl cup dish want npl .become- ipfv - neg
‘Pasha is squeamish about dirty dishes.’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence. Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative" + 'become').

112. be content

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUP.EL
Locus: Y
paša raˁzi-ši w-i žu-n-uwwu laha-tː-iš
pn agree- cvb . ipfv 1-be self. m - gen -1. ptcl child- sup - el
‘Pasha is satisfied with his son.’

113. fall in love

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s marin ʟʼan e<r>tːi-li
pn - dat pn want <2>become. pfv - cvb ( evid )
‘Pasha fell in love with Marina.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative" + 'become').

114. trust

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP
X: NOM
Y: SUP
Locus: Y
paša marin-n-it wiχ
pn pn - obl - sup be.trusting
‘Pasha trusts Marina.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative").

115. sympathise

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s žu-n-aru ijtːur tʼibir
pn - dat self. m - gen -<2> ptcl mother feel.pity
‘Pasha sympathises with his mother.’

116. envy

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP
X: NOM
Y: SUP
Locus: Y
paša marina-t maˁrš
pn pn - sup be.envious
‘Pasha envies Marina.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative").

117. be angry

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUP.LAT
Locus: Y
paša mərin-ni-tː-ik qʼˁara-s w-e<r>χi-r-ši w-i 
pn pn - obl - sup - lat be.angry- inf 1-< ipfv >rise- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be
‘Pasha is angry with Marina.’

118. be surprised

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUP.EL
Locus: Y
paša χːi i<w>tːi ja-b sːijʁat-li-tː-iš
pn be.surprised <1>become. pfv this-3 present- obl - sup - el
‘Pasha was surprised at this gift.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative" + 'become').

119. love (tea)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s čij ʟʼan ke-r
pn - dat tea want 4.become- ipfv
‘Pasha loves tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative" + 'become').

120. enjoy

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
paša haˁršːa-r-tːu-t čij χːu-r-ši w-i 
pn boiling- ipfv - attr -4 tea drink- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be
‘Pasha is drinking hot tea (making pauses between gulps).’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence.

121. want

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s macːʼa-tːu-t təlipon ʟʼan-ši
pn - dat be.new- attr -4 phone want- cvb . ipfv (4.be)
‘Pasha wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUP.LAT
Locus: Y
paša qʼaˁra-r-ši w-i  marin-ni-tː-ik
pn be.angry- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be pn - obl - sup - lat
‘Pasha holds a grudge against Marina.’

123. take offence

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUP.EL
Locus: Y
paša u<w>χˁu-li marin-ni-tː-iš
pn <1>become.mad- cvb . pfv m arin- obl - sup - el
‘Pasha took offence at Marina.’

124. upset

Valency pattern: SUP.EL_GEN
X: SUP.EL
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
paša-tː-iš marin-ni-n ikʼʷ aqˁu
pn - sup - el pn - obl - gen heart 4.break. pfv
‘Pasha greatly upset Marina.’
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level argument.

125. marvel

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUP.EL
Locus: Y
paša χːi i<w>tːi ja-b šahru-li-tː-iš
pn be.surprised <1>become. pfv that-3 town- obl - sup - el
‘Pasha was impressed by this town.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative" + 'become').

126. despise

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
paša-mu ʟʼarak d-a-r-ši d-i marin
pn - obl ( erg ) below 2-do- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 2-be pn
‘Pasha humiliates Marina.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

127. get upset

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUP.EL
Locus: Y
paša pašman i<w>tːi žu-n-uwwu laha-tː-iš
pn be.sad <1>become. pfv self. m - gen -1. ptcl child. obl - sup - el
‘Pasha got upset because of his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative" + 'become').

128. get irritated

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUP.LAT
Locus: Y
paša qʼˁara-r-ši w-i  žu-n-u<r>u laha-tː-ik
pn be.angry- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 1-be self. m - gen -<2> ptcl child. obl - sup - lat
‘Pasha is getting irritated with his daughter.’

129. be fond

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s marin mu-ši d-akːu-r-ši d-i
pn - dat pn be.good- cvb . ipfv 2-see- ipfv - cvb . ipfv 2-be
‘Pasha is fond of Marina.’

130. be shy

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUP.EL
Locus: Y
paša žu-n-tʼu tʼi-kul-li-tː-iš libχˁ kʷer
pn self. m - gen -4. ptcl be.small- nmlz - obl - sup - el feel.embarassed 1.become. ipfv
‘Pasha is embarrased about his height.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (so-called "stative" + 'become').